scholarly journals Fighting Antibiotic Resistance in Hospital-Acquired Infections: Current State and Emerging Technologies in Disease Prevention, Diagnostics and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Avershina ◽  
Valeria Shapovalova ◽  
German Shipulin
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Current State ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Impact

Rising antibiotic resistance is a global threat that is projected to cause more deaths than all cancers combined by 2050. In this review, we set to summarize the current state of antibiotic resistance, and to give an overview of the emerging technologies aimed to escape the pre-antibiotic era recurrence. We conducted a comprehensive literature survey of >150 original research and review articles indexed in the Web of Science using “antimicrobial resistance,” “diagnostics,” “therapeutics,” “disinfection,” “nosocomial infections,” “ESKAPE pathogens” as key words. We discuss the impact of nosocomial infections on the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria, give an overview over existing and developing strategies for faster diagnostics of infectious diseases, review current and novel approaches in therapy of infectious diseases, and finally discuss strategies for hospital disinfection to prevent MDR bacteria spread.

Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Novel Seleno- and Thio-Urea Containing Dihydropyrrol-2-One Analogues as Antibacterial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shekh Sabir ◽  
Tsz Tin Yu ◽  
Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽  
Basmah Almohaywi ◽  
George Iskander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Quorum Sensing Inhibition ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

The quorum sensing (QS) system in multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa is primarily responsible for the development of antibiotic resistance and is considered an attractive target for antimicrobial drug discovery. In this study, we synthesised a series of novel selenourea and thiourea-containing dihydropyrrol-2-one (DHP) analogues as LasR antagonists. The selenium DHP derivatives displayed significantly better quorum-sensing inhibition (QSI) activities than the corresponding sulphur analogues. The most potent analogue 3e efficiently inhibited the las QS system by 81% at 125 µM and 53% at 31 µM. Additionally, all the compounds were screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus, and interestingly, only the selenium analogues showed antibacterial activity, with 3c and 3e being the most potent with a MIC of 15.6 µM.

scholarly journals Light and Phages on Tackle of Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe de Paula Nogueira Cruz ◽  
Andréa Cristina Bogas ◽  
Cristina Paiva de Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbial Inactivation ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectories ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Inducing Resistance

There has been an important increase in the emergence of resistance in microbial population worldwide. This trajectory needs, necessarily new approaches to treat infectious diseases. The ability to detect and prevent the evolutionary trajectories of microbial resistance would be of value. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) represents an efficient alternative treatment for diseases caused by viruses, which can cause infections well documented in various mammals. PDI can kill cells after exposure with the appropriate photosensitizer (PS), light of adequate wavelength combined with the presence of oxygen, without inducing resistance. Cytotoxic reactive species formed interaction with vital biomolecules leading to irreversible microbial inactivation. Bacteriophages can act on delivering antimicrobial agents into bacteria, which consist in a likely instrument for the treatment of infectious diseases. Non-enveloped bacteriophages are more difficult to tolerate photoinactivation than enveloped phages, which makes them an important model tool to evaluate the efficiency of PDI therapy against viruses that cause diseases in humans. Combination of photosensitizers and bacteriophage therapy can be employed to eradicate biofilms, contributing to control of infections also caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

Antimicrobial peptide HPA3NT3-A2 effectively inhibits biofilm formation in mice infected with drug-resistant bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5068-5083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Kook Lee ◽  
Loredana Mereuta ◽  
Tudor Luchian ◽  
Yoonkyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Serious Infections

Bacterial biofilms formed through secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been implicated in many serious infections and can increase antibiotic resistance by a factor of more than 1000.

scholarly journals Upregulation of gluconeogenesis leads to increased tolerance to antibiotics targeting the MreB elongosome in E. coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brody Barton ◽  
Addison Grinnell ◽  
Randy M. Morgenstein
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Development ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractAntibiotic resistant bacteria are a global threat to human health. One way to combat the rise of antibiotic resistance is to make new antibiotics that target previously ignored proteins. The bacterial actin homolog, MreB, is highly conserved among rod-shaped bacteria and essential for growth, making MreB a good focus for antibiotic targeting. Therefore, it is imperative to understand mechanisms that can give rise to resistance to MreB targeting drugs. Using the MreB targeting drug, A22, we show that changes to central metabolism through deletion of TCA cycle genes, leads to the upregulation of gluconeogenesis resulting in cells with an increased minimal inhibitory concentration to A22. This phenotype can be recapitulated through the addition of glucose to the media. Finally, we show that this increase in minimal inhibitory concentration is not specific to A22 but can be seen in other cell wall targeting antibiotics, such as mecillinam.ImportanceThe spread of antibiotic resistance has made bacterial infections harder to treat. Finding new targets for antibiotic development is critical to overcoming the variety of resistance mechanism that are already crippling our ability to treat infections with current antibiotics. The bacterial actin homolog MreB is a good target for new antibiotic development because it is essential for growth and highly conserved among rod-shaped pathogens. The significance of this research is in understanding the mechanisms cells can develop toward the inhibition of MreB to better understand how to make MreB targeting antibiotics in the future.

Features of Intra-Hospital Infections in Specialized Psychiatric Hospitals

Psychiatry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
N. N. Mitrofanova ◽  
D. V. Antsyferova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World

Rationale: The problem of intra-hospital infections around the world (including in Russia) has played a huge role in recent decades.The aim of the work: consider the issue of nosocomial infections using an example of a psychiatric hospital and show the significance of this problem.Material and methods: review and analysis of the current state of the problem; analysis of thesituation of nosocomial infections for 2016–2018 in psychiatric inpatient departments of GBUZ “OPB im. K.R. Evgrafova”, Penza (for 1000 beds).Results: the main problems of intra-hospital infections in the world and Russia are considered; Analysis of the etiological structure of intra-hospital infections in hospitals of various profiles; Features of intra-hospital infection are considered and analysed; Etiological structure and antibiotic resistance in Penza psychiatric hospitals have been studied.Conclusion: WBI laminating on the main disease, weighs the clinical course of the disease, makes diagnosis and treatment difficult, impairs the prognosis and outcome of the disease, which retains its importance and determines the directions of solving this problem.

scholarly journals The Use of Liquids Ionic Fluids as Pharmaceutically Active Substances Helpful in Combating Nosocomial Infections Induced by Klebsiella Pneumoniae New Delhi Strain, Acinetobacter Baumannii and Enterococcus Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Miskiewicz ◽  
Piotr Ceranowicz ◽  
Mateusz Szymczak ◽  
Krzysztof Bartuś ◽  
Paweł Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Enterococcus Species

This review deals with various microbiological activities of ionic liquids, which constitute the first anti-infective defense against multi-drug-resistant bacteria—with a particular emphasis placed on medicine and pharmacology. The quoted data on the biological activity of ionic liquids including their antimicrobial properties (depending on the type of a cation or an anion) and are discussed in view of possible applications in nosocomial infections. Dedicated attention is given to finding infections with the Klebsiella pneumoniae New Delhi strain, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus species, which are responsible for the induction of antibiotic resistance in intensive care units. Diagnosis and treatment using current antibiotics is a significant problem in hospital care, and the relevant burden on the health systems of the European Union member states induces the search for new, effective methods of treatment. Ionic liquids, due to their antibacterial effect, can be considered topical and general medications and may provide the basis for treatment to eliminate the antibiotic resistance phenomenon in the future. At present, the number of infections with resistant pathogens in hospitals and outpatient clinics in the European Union is growing. In 2015–2017, a significant incidence of respiratory and bloodstream infections with bacteria resistant to antibiotics from the 3rd generation group of cephalosporins, glycopeptides, and carbapenems were observed. The paper presents examples of synthesized bifunctional salts with at least one pharmaceutically active ion in obtaining a controlled release, controlled delivery, and biological impact on the pathogenic bacteria, viruses and fungi. The ionic liquids obtained in the presented way may find applications in the treatment of wounds and infections.

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT AND EXTREMELY DRUG-RESISTANT BACTERIA: ARE WE FACING THE END OF THE ANTIBIOTIC ERA?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Rossolini
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotics are one of the most significant advancements of modern medicine. They have changed the prognosis of several bacterial infections, and made possible advanced medical practices associated with a high risk of infectious complications. Unfortunately, antibiotics are affected by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, which jeopardizes their efficacy. In recent years, antibiotic discovery and development has been lagging, due to a lower appeal of this sector for the pharmaceutical industry, while antibiotic resistance has continued to evolve with the eventual emergence and dissemination of bacterial strains which are resistant to most available antibiotics and pose a major challenge to antimicrobial chemotherapy. This worrisome scenario, indicated as the “antibiotic resistance crisis”, has been acknowledged by Scientific Societies and Public Health Agencies, and is now gathering an increasing attention from the Media and Governments. This article reviews the antibiotic-resistant pathogens which currently pose major problems in terms of clinical and epidemiological impact, and briefly discuss future perspective in this field.

scholarly journals Clinical significance of asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonisation in patients undergoing antibiotic treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND. Clostridium difficile infections become a serious problem in terms of nosocomial infections, as well as a consequence of common use of antibiotics. AIM. The aim of the study was to evaluate Clostridium difficile carriage in patients admitted to the Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology without acute or chronic diarrhea and to assess the impact of antibiotic treatment on the development of enteritis in hospital. Other factors that may affect the risk of infection were also analyzed. RESULTS. Fourteen patients (14%) were carriers of Clostridium difficile at admission. Second assessment taken after fourteen days of antibiotic treatment showed decrease in GDH antigen prevalence to eight subjects (12.1%). Three patients (3%) had diarrhea during hospitalization, and the toxins A and/or B were found in them. CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of Clostridium difficile carriage among adults in Poland may be underestimated. Screening for Clostridium difficile GDH antigen may be useful although do not provide definite prognosis of symptomatic disease during ceftriaxone treatment. The risk of Clostridium difficile infection may be reduced mainly by rationalizing antibiotic therapy and following appropriate procedures.

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