scholarly journals Genomic Relatedness, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits of Campylobacter jejuni HS19 Isolates From Cattle in China Indicate Pathogenic Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqi Zang ◽  
Pingyu Huang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Xinan Jiao ◽  
Jinlin Huang
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽  
Zoonotic Strains

Although campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic foodborne illness, high-risk isolates from animal sources are rarely characterized, and the pathogenic potential of zoonotic strains remains an obstacle to effective intervention against human infection. HS19 has been acknowledged as a maker serotype represented by Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolates from patients with post-infection Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), which is circulation in developed countries. However, a previous serotype epidemiological study of C. jejuni isolates in an animal population revealed that HS19 was also prevalent in isolates from cattle in China. In this study, to investigate the hazardous potential of zoonotic strains, 14 HS19 isolates from cattle were systematically characterized both by genotype and phenotype. The results showed that all of these cattle isolates belonged to the ST-22 complex, a high-risk lineage represented by 77.2% HS19 clinical isolates from patients worldwide in the PubMLST database, indicating that the ST-22 complex is the prominent clonal complex of HS19 isolates, as well as the possibility of clonal spread of HS19 isolates across different regions and hosts. Nevertheless, these cattle strains clustered closely with the HS19 isolates from patients, suggesting a remarkable phylogenetic relatedness and genomic similarity. Importantly, both tetracycline genes tet(O) and gyrA (T86I) reached a higher proportional representation among the cattle isolates than among the human clinical isolates. A worrying level of multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all the cattle isolates, and two MDR profiles of the cattle isolates also existed in human clinical isolates. Notably, although shared with the same serotype HS19 and sequence type ST-22, 35.7% of cattle isolates induced severe gastrointestinal pathology in the IL-10–/– C57BL/6 mice model, indicating that some bacteria could change due to host adaptation to induce a disease epidemic, thus the associated genetic elements deserve further investigation. In this study, HS19 isolates from cattle were first characterized by a systematic evaluation of bacterial genomics and in vitro virulence, which improved our understanding of the potential zoonotic hazard from food animal isolates with high-risk serotypes, and provided critical information for the development of targeted C. jejuni mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Approaches by Rhodotorula mucilaginosa from a chronic kidney disease patient for elucidating the pathogenicity profile by this emergent species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabele Carrilho Jarros ◽  
Flávia Franco Veiga ◽  
Jakeline Luiz Corrêa ◽  
Isabella Letícia Esteves Barros ◽  
Marina Cristina Gadelha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

AbstractBackgroundTraditionally known as a common contaminant, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa is among the leading causes of invasive fungal infections by non-candida yeasts. They affect mainly immunocompromised individuals, often mimicking the cryptococcosis infection, despite invasive infections by Rhodotorula are still not well explained. Thus, here we aimed to characterize microbiologically clinical isolates of R. mucilaginosa isolated from colonization of a patient with chronic renal disease (CKD), as well as to evaluate their phylogeny, antifungal susceptibility, virulence, and pathogenicity in order to infer the potential to become a possible infection.Methodology/Principal FindingsFor this study, two isolates of R. mucilaginosa from oral colonization of a CKD patient were isolated, identified and characterized by classical (genotypic and phenotypic) methods. Susceptibility to conventional antifungals was evaluated, followed by biofilm production, measured by different techniques (total biomass, metabolic activity, colony forming units and extracellular matrix quantification). Finally, the pathogenicity of yeast was evaluated by infection of Tenebrio molitor larvae.All isolates were resistant to azole and sensitive to polyenes and they were able to adhere and form biofilm on the abiotic surface of polystyrene. In general, similar profiles among isolates were observed over the observed periods (2, 24, 48 and 72 hours). Regarding extracellular matrix components of biofilms at different maturation ages, R. mucilaginosa was able to produce eDNA, eRNA, proteins, and polysaccharides that varied according to time and the strain. The death curve in vivo model showed a large reduction in the survival percentage of the larvae was observed in the first 24 hours, with only 40% survival at the end of the evaluation.Conclusions/SignificanceWe infer that colonization of chronic renal patients by R. mucilaginosa offers a high risk of serious infection. And also emphasize that the correct identification of yeast is the main means for an efficient treatment.Author SummaryThe genus Rhodotorula is known to be a common contaminant, however, it has been increasing in the last years, reports of different forms infections by this yeast, reaching mainly individuals with secondary diseases or with low immunity. However, very little is known about the mechanism that triggers the disease. Thus, this study aims to characterize microbiologically clinical isolates of R. mucilaginosa isolated from a patient with chronic renal disease, as well as to evaluate their phylogeny, antifungal susceptibility, virulence, and pathogenicity in order to infer the potential to become a possible infection. It was possible to characterize in general the clinical isolates, to determine that they are resistant to an important class of the antifungal agents which are the azoles. In addition, they are able to adhere and to form biofilm on abiotic surfaces, this skill represents an important factor of virulence, which would guarantee their presence in medical devices, such as catheters, surfaces. These biofilm works as true reservoirs of these fungi disseminate and cause serious infections. This pathogenic potential was reinforced by a great reduction of survival in the larvae infected with this yeast. Therefore our results infer a high risk of infection to patients who are colonized by R. mucilaginosa.

Long Term Prognostic Utility of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome – A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Das ◽  
Melvin George ◽  
Durga Jha ◽  
Luxitaa Goenka
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Prognostic Utility

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause for morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Numerous groups have explored single and multiple biomarker strategies to identify diagnostic prognosticators of ACS which will improve our ability to identify high-risk individuals. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) is one potential biomarker which has been widely studied in ACS. Recent reports have showed the prognostic utility of MMP-9, but due to inconsistent results, it has not been possible to draw firm conclusions. Objective: This review aims to explore the ability of MMP-9 to predict long-term prognosis of ACS. To clarify this issue, we conducted a literature review to provide a comprehensive assessment of MMP-9 levels in ACS patients. Method: We retrieved a total of 1501 articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. After thorough scrutiny, 12 original research articles were found fulfilling the inclusion exclusion criteria. MMP-9’s ability as a biomarker of prognostication post ACS was reviewed. PRISMA guidelines were used for reporting. Result: The results revealed that MMP-9, apart from being an efficient diagnostic biomarker for ACS, helps in predicting the future risk of ACS with disease outcome. Positive correlation was found between plasma MMP-9 and left ventricular remodeling. A positive association was also found between cardiovascular death and higher MMP-9 levels. Conclusion: MMP-9 can be a potential prognostic marker for ACS and aid in identifying high risk patients for intensive management during follow -up.

scholarly journals Yersiniosis in New Zealand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Lucia Rivas ◽  
Hugo Strydom ◽  
Shevaun Paine ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jackie Wright
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
One Health ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Large Outbreak ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity

The rate of yersiniosis in New Zealand (NZ) is high compared with other developed countries, and rates have been increasing over recent years. Typically, >99% of human cases in NZ are attributed to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE), although in 2014, a large outbreak of 220 cases was caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Up until 2012, the most common NZ strain was YE biotype 4. The emergent strain since this time is YE biotype 2/3 serotype O:9. The pathogenic potential of some YE biotypes remains unclear. Most human cases of yersiniosis are considered sporadic without an identifiable source. Key restrictions in previous investigations included insufficient sensitivity for the isolation of Yersinia spp. from foods, although foodborne transmission is the most likely route of infection. In NZ, YE has been isolated from a variety of sick and healthy domestic and farm animals but the pathways from zoonotic reservoir to human remain unproven. Whole-genome sequencing provides unprecedented discriminatory power for typing Yersinia and is now being applied to NZ epidemiological investigations. A “One-Health” approach is necessary to elucidate the routes of transmission of Yersinia and consequently inform targeted interventions for the prevention and management of yersiniosis in NZ

scholarly journals An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Dargie Chekole ◽  
Walter Timo de Vries ◽  
Gebeyehu Belay Shibeshi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Cadastral System ◽  
Desk Review ◽  
Vital Resource ◽  
Cadastral Systems

Land is the most vital resource on earth from which people derive their basic needs. In order to administer and manage this vital resource in a sustainable way, there are several mechanisms, of which the cadastral system is the prime one. Literature documents that the performance measurement methods of cadastral systems are not appropriate. In most developing countries, systematic performance evaluation mechanisms for cadastral systems are very inadequate. For example, Ethiopia has no systematic evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the state of cadastral systems. This article aims to develop an evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the performance of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia based on the methods that have proven successful in developed countries. The goal is furthermore to present a set of good practices and a set of indicators that can provide an objective basis to support a systematic evaluation of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia. The study employs a desk review research strategy and a qualitative analytical approach.

OP443 Evaluating The Value Of Endovascular Innovations For Aortic Valve Replacement Through Clinical Benefits, Patient-reported Outcomes And Resource Consumption.

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pinar ◽  
Juan García de Lara ◽  
José Hurtado ◽  
Miguel Robles ◽  
Gunnar Leithold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Sapien 3

IntroductionThe use of most recent Transcatheter aortic valve implants (TAVI) in the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (SAS) is evolving with expanded indications from inoperable/high-risk to intermediate and low risk patients. Consequently, TAVI outcomes must be monitored to highlight its value under real-world conditions. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate TAVI (SAPIEN 3) outcomes in terms of patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL), clinical outcomes, and healthcare resource utilization (HRU).MethodsAn observational prospective study including all consecutive patients with SAS undergoing a transcatheter valve implantation with Edwards SAPIEN 3 valve (transfemoral access) was conducted in full accordance with clinical guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology. Patients were evaluated before the intervention (baseline), at discharge, and after one, six and twelve months from the implant. A thoughtful and systematic evaluation of patients’ HRQoL (EQ-5D 5L, the Short Form-36 Health Survey -SF-36- and the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire -KCCQ-), clinical endpoints (that is, cardiovascular mortality, and rates of stroke, major bleeding, myocardial infarction, and re-hospitalization), echocardiographic measurements, and HRU (that is, Length of stay-LOS- in ward/intensive care unit -ICU-) was implemented. Multivariate regression models were applied to test outcomes while controlling key risk factors (that is, patient’ severity at baseline).ResultsA total of seventy-six patients (fifty percent female, fifty-five percent of intermediate-high risk) with a mean age of 82.1 ± 4.78 years were included. Implant success was 97.34% and cardiovascular death was 2.6% at one year. Significant reductions in mean and maximum gradients were achieved and maintained during follow-up. Mean LOS in ward (5.2 ± 4.0days) and ICU (0.22 ± 0.64 days) were low. Statistically significant improvements were detected in the KCCQ overall summary scores, EQ-5D, and SF-36 (Physical component summary) - all adjusted - p < 0.05 - after the intervention.ConclusionsTAVI represents a safe and effective innovation for SAS with clinical benefits translated into significant improvements in terms of HRQoL. Besides, the low HRU provides new insights for health-economic modelling and the optimization of limited resources of special importance under current pandemic situation.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR Assay for Identifi cation and Differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolates

Folia Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria R. Pavlova ◽  
Elina G. Dobreva ◽  
Katucha I. Ivanova ◽  
Galina D. Asseva ◽  
Ivan N. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

AbstractIntroduction: Campylobacter spp. are important causative agents of gastrointestinal infections in humans. The most frequently isolated strains of this bacterial genus are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. To date, genetic methods for bacterial identification have not been used in Bulgaria. We optimized the multiplex PSR assay to identify Campylobacter spp. and differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli in clinical isolates. We also compared this method with the routinely used biochemical methods.Aim: To identify Campylobacter spp. and discriminate C. coli from C. jejuni in clinical isolates using multiplex PCR assay.Materials and methods: Between February 2014 and January 2015 we studied 93 stool samples taken from patients with diarrheal syndrome and identified 40 species of Campylobacter spp. in them. The clinical material was cultured in microaerophilic atmosphere, the isolated strains being biochemically diff erentiated (hydrolysis of sodium hippurate for C. jejuni, and hydrolysis of indoxyl acetate for C. coli). DNA was isolated from the strains using QiaAmp MiniKit (QIAGEN, Germany). Twenty strains were tested with multiplex PCR for the presence of these genes: cadF, characteristic for Campylobacter spp., hipO for C. jejuni and asp for C. coli.Results and discussion: The biochemical tests identified 16 strains of C. jejuni, 3 strains of C. coli, and 1 strain of C. upsaliensis. After the multiplex PCR assay the capillary gel electrophoresis confirmed 16 strains of C. jejuni, 2 strains of C. coli and 2 strains of Campylobacter spp. - because of the presence of the gene cadF. C. jejuni has the gene hipO, and it is possible that this gene may not be expressed in the biochemical differentiation yielding a negative reaction as a result. In comparison, we can conclude that the genetic differentiation is a more accurate method than the biochemical tests.Conclusion: The multiplex PCR assay is a fast, accurate method for identifi cation of Campylobacter spp. which makes it quite necessary in the clinical diagnostic practice.

Rapid Emergence of High-Level Resistance to Quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni Associated with Mutational Changes in gyrA and parC

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 3276-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amera Gibreel ◽  
Eva Sjögren ◽  
Bertil Kaijser ◽  
Bengt Wretlind ◽  
Ola Sköld
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chromosomal Mutations ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Level Resistance

ABSTRACT Quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni in Sweden increased more than 20-fold at the beginning of the 1990s. Resistance to 125 μg of ciprofloxacin per ml in clinical isolates was associated with chromosomal mutations in C. jejuni leading to a Thr-86-Ile substitution in thegyrA product and a Arg-139-Gln substitution in theparC product.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis ofStenotrophomonasspp. Isolates Contributes to the Identification of Nosocomial and Community-Acquired Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Godoy Cerezer ◽  
Silvia Yumi Bando ◽  
Jacyr Pasternak ◽  
Marcia Regina Franzolin ◽  
Carlos Alberto Moreira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Profile ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Distribution ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Specific Fragment ◽  
Clonal Variability

Stenotrophomonasssp. has a wide environmental distribution and is also found as an opportunistic pathogen, causing nosocomial or community-acquired infections. One species,S. maltophilia, presents multidrug resistance and has been associated with serious infections in pediatric and immunocompromised patients. Therefore, it is relevant to conduct resistance profile and phylogenetic studies in clinical isolates for identifying infection origins and isolates with augmented pathogenic potential. Here, multilocus sequence typing was performed for phylogenetic analysis of nosocomial isolates ofStenotrophomonasspp. and, environmental and clinical strains ofS. maltophilia. Biochemical and multidrug resistance profiles of nosocomial and clinical strains were determined. The inferred phylogenetic profile showed high clonal variability, what correlates with the adaptability process ofStenotrophomonasto different habitats. Two clinical isolates subgroups ofS. maltophiliasharing high phylogenetic homogeneity presented intergroup recombination, thus indicating the high permittivity to horizontal gene transfer, a mechanism involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance and expression of virulence factors. For most of the clinical strains, phylogenetic inference was made using only partialppsA gene sequence. Therefore, the sequencing of just one specific fragment of this gene would allow, in many cases, determining whether the infection withS. maltophiliawas nosocomial or community-acquired.

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