scholarly journals Salient Conclusive Remarks on Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric COVID-19: Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelwahid Saeed Ali ◽  
Ahmed Mossa Al-Hakami ◽  
Ayed Abdullah Shati ◽  
Ali Alsuheel Asseri ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Al-Qahatani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, which is caused by the novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), constituted significant public health concerns and impacted the human populations with massive economic and social burdens worldwide. The disease is known to infect people of all ages, including children, adults, and the elderly. Although several reports about pediatric COVID-19 were seen in the literature, we believe that the epidemiology and pathology of the infection described in these reports are not conclusive. Therefore, in this scientific communication, a narrative review study was performed to shed some light on the characteristic epidemiological features and clinical phenotypes of pediatric COVID-19. In this report, we had compiled and presented the different epidemiological features of the disease related to the age of infection, virus acquisition, explanations of the low infectivity rates, and consequences of infections. The discriminatory clinical manifestations of the disease in children were also addressed and discussed in this review. The search included the data published from the date of the start of the pandemic in December 2019 up to October 2020. Our literature search revealed that children of all ages, including neonates, had been infected by the virus. Despite the fact that pediatric COVID-19 is less common to occur, as compared to the disease in adults, the infected children usually manifest the disease symptomatology in benign form. Asymptomatic and symptomatic adult patients are the primary source of the virus to the children. Intrauterine transmission of the virus and breastfeeding infections to the neonates were hypothesized in some studies but ruled out since they were not confirmed. Intensive review and discussion warranting the low infection rates and benign conditions of COVID-19 in children were also made in this study. As documented in many studies, the infectivity, morbidity, and mortality rates of the disease among the children populations are much lower than those in adults. They also seem to be lower than those observed during SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics. The described clinical phenotypes of COVID-19 in children do not differ much from those of adults, and complications of the disease seem to be associated with comorbidities.

Possible role of Unani Pharmacology in COVID-19 – a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anzar Alam ◽  
Mohd Abdul Gani ◽  
G. Shama ◽  
Ghulamuddin Sofi ◽  
Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Boswellia Serrata ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), viral diseases continue to rise, and pose a significant public health problem. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is close to Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic diseases) which was described by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Razes, Haly Abbas, Avicenna, Jurjani etc. Presently, there is no specific or challenging treatment available for COVID-19. Renowned Unani Scholars recommended during epidemic situation to stay at home, and fumigate the shelters with aromatics herbs like Ood kham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Kundur (Boswellia serrata Roxb), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Sandal (Santalum album L), Hing (Ferula foetida L.) etc. Use of specific Unani formulations are claimed effective for the management of such epidemic or pandemic situation like antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai, Tiryaqe Arba, Tiryaqe Azam, Gile Armani), Herbal Decoction (Joshandah), along with Sharbate Khaksi, Habbe Bukhar, Sharbate Zanjabeel, Khamira Marwareed, Jawarish Jalinus, and Sirka (vinegar). Such drugs are claimed for use as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cardiotonic, and general tonic actions. The study enumerates the literature regarding management of epidemics in Unani medicine and attempts to look the same in the perspective of COVID-19 prevention and management.

scholarly journals A rapid screening model for early predicting novel coronavirus pneumonia in Zhejiang Province of China: a multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Ning Dai ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Qing-Qing Wu ◽  
Tian-Chen Hui ◽  
Nan-Nan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Screening Model ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractNovel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has been widely spread in China and several other countries. Early finding of this pneumonia from huge numbers of suspects gives clinicians a big challenge. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid screening model for early predicting NCP in a Zhejiang population, as well as its utility in other areas. A total of 880 participants who were initially suspected of NCP from January 17 to February 19 were included. Potential predictors were selected via stepwise logistic regression analysis. The model was established based on epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, white blood cell count, and pulmonary imaging changes, with the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.920. At a cut-off value of 1.0, the model could determine NCP with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82.3%. We further developed a simplified model by combining the geographical regions and rounding the coefficients, with the AUROC of 0.909, as well as a model without epidemiological factors with the AUROC of 0.859. The study demonstrated that the screening model was a helpful and cost-effective tool for early predicting NCP and had great clinical significance given the high activity of NCP.

scholarly journals Deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly - a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Petruccio Cabral Monteiro Guedes ◽  
Maria Liz Cunha de Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo de Azevedo Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Boolean Operator

Abstract Objective: to describe the deleterious effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly. Method: an integrative-narrative review was carried out, with the following research question: What are the effects of prolonged bed rest on the body systems of the elderly? The PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were searched with the following terms: "bed rest” and "elderly" with the Boolean operator “and”. Results: a total of 1,639 articles were found. After application of the established criteria, nine articles remained, and 20 were added to maintain the citation of the primary source, giving a total of 29 articles. Conclusion: the immobility associated with prolonged bed rest is detrimental to the health of the elderly, as it affects several systems, such as the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and urinary systems, which may lead to the onset of diseases in addition to those that led to bed rest.

scholarly journals Flaviviruses – new human pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
Martyna Biała ◽  
Bartosz Jerczak ◽  
Małgorzata Inglot ◽  
Brygida Knysz
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Animal Pathogens ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Public Health

The family Flaviviridae includes arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted to vertebrates by infected mosquitoes and ticks. There are over a 100 species in this family, most of which are animal pathogens, although it cannot be excluded that some animal flaviviruses will also cause human disease. The family name is due to the discovery of the yellow fever virus and is derived from the Latin word flavus, meaning yellow. Several human-pathogenic flaviviruses have a significant public health impact in different parts of the world and the potential of emerging in previously non-endemic regions. The medically important flaviviruses include among others: dengue, Zika, yellow fever, tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) and West Nile viruses. Diseases that are caused by these viruses include a spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe and fatal disease. Although the characteristics of these viruses are well defined, they are still unpredictable with increases in disease severity, unusual clinical manifestations, unexpected methods of transmission, long-term persistence, and the discovery of new species. This review compares the epidemiological and clinical features of the medically important flaviviruses and considers the effect of human activity on their evolution and dispersal. Climate change, urbanization and increasing ease of travel have created opportunities for the vector to spread and expand into new human populations. The combination of these factors makes it possible for the family Flaviviridae to change and emerge quickly as a new, potential human pathogen.

scholarly journals Neurological Effect and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 in Elderly Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ranita Rusydina Daroh ◽  
Dede Renovaldi
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
New World ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Neurological Effect ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Currently there is a new world health crisis which is urgent due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus. The elderly can be presented as a group of patients at high risk for developing covid-19 with progressive and rapid clinical deterioration including neurological manifestations. Many reports have emerged showing that SARS-CoV-2 infection has an impact on neurological function, and even causes serious neurological damage. Purposes: to investigate the possible correlation between aging process to the severity of neurological deterioration experienced in COVID-19 infection specifically by elderly people. Methods: literature searching was conducted through PubMed, MedLine and Embase. Results: Regardless of age, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 to both central and peripheral nervous system could lead into a range of neurological deteriorations, in which also ranging in forms and severity. Conclusion: In elderly patients, despite of comorbidities, the natural degeneration process is likely being a risk factor of more severe neurological symptoms of Covid-19 infection.

Nachhaltigkeit in Wald und Gesellschaft trotz «Überalterung» und «Unterjüngung» (Essay)

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (8) ◽  
pp. 236-239
Author(s):  
Werner Schärer
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Technical Progress ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Care For The Elderly ◽  
Economic Reasoning ◽  
The Right ◽  
Implementation Programme ◽  
Effective Distribution

Sustainability in forest and society despite “overmaturity” and “lack of regeneration” (essay) This essay compares efforts to move towards sustainability in the forests with those in the care for the elderly in Switzerland, and tries to draw conclusions which may promote sustainability. It is wrong, for forests and human populations, to talk of “overmaturity”, as this assumes the primacy of economic reasoning. To guarantee sustainability, the balance between all aspects is crucial. To attain true sustainability, we need binding guidelines and the “right” scale of implementation programme. Civil society organisations have been working for decades – often longer than the state itself – to improve sustainability. In many different areas, good cooperation and effective distribution of tasks between these institutions can be observed. This is important, among other things, because the ever greater speed of technical progress may overwhelm the adaptive capacity of both forests and people, which would influence sustainability in a negative way.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica - a Disease of the Elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
Vasilica Cristescu ◽  
Aurelia Romila ◽  
Luana Andreea Macovei
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cell Arteritis ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Polymyalgia Rheumatica ◽  
Temporal Arteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Immune Disorder ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disease that occurs mostly in the elderly and is rarely seen in patients less than 50 years of age. Polymyalgia rheumatica is a vasculitis, which manifests itself as an inflammatory disease of the vascular wall that can affect any type of blood vessel, regardless of its size. It has been considered a form of giant cell arteritis, involving primarily large and medium arteries and to a lesser extent the arterioles. Clinical manifestations are caused by the generic pathogenic process and depend on the characteristics of the damaged organ. PMR is a senescence-related immune disorder. It has been defined as a stand-alone condition and a syndrome referred to as rheumatic polyarteritis with manifestations of giant cell arteritis (especially in cases of Horton�s disease and temporal arteritis) which are commonly associated with polymyalgia. The clinical presentation is clearly dominated by the painful girdle syndrome, with a feeling of general discomfort. Polymyalgia and temporal arteritis may coexist or be consecutive to each other in the same patient, as in most of our patients. The present study describes 3 cases of polymyalgia rheumatica, admitted to the Clinic of Rheumatology of Sf. Apostol Andrei Hospital, Galati. The cases were compared with the literature. Two clinical aspects (polymyalgia rheumatica and/or Horton�s disease) and the relationship between them were also considered. Polymyalgia rheumatica is currently thought to have a multifactorial etiology, in which the following factors play a role: genetic factors or hereditary predisposition (some individuals are more prone to this disease), immune factors and viral infections (triggers of the disease). Other risk factors of polymyalgia rheumatica include age over 50 years and the association with giant cell arteritis. The characteristic feature of the disease is girdle pain, with intense stiffness of at least one hour�s duration. Markers of inflammation, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein are almost always increased at the onset of the disease. Diseases that can mimic the clinical picture of polymyalgia rheumatica are neoplasia, infections, metabolic disorders of the bone and endocrine diseases.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Pediatric COVID-19 and the Factors That May Mitigate Its Clinical Course

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e137-e140
Author(s):  
Mosaad Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Nada M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Dina M. Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Noha Azab
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Radiographic Data

AbstractThe clinical manifestations of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vary from mild flu-like symptoms to severe fatal pneumonia. However, children with COVID-19 may be asymptomatic or may have mild clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical features of pediatric COVID-19 and to search for the factors that may mitigate the disease course. We reviewed the literature to realize the clinical features, laboratory, and radiographic data that may be diagnostic for COVID-19 among children. Also, we studied the factors that may affect the clinical course of the disease. Fever, dry cough, and fatigue are the main symptoms of pediatric COVID-19, sometimes flu-like symptoms and/or gastrointestinal symptoms may be present. Although some infected children may be asymptomatic, a recent unusual hyperinflammatory reaction with overlapping features of Kawasaki's disease and toxic shock syndrome in pediatric COVID-19 has been occasionally reported. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronvirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid testing is the corner-stone method for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Lymphocyte count and other inflammatory markers are not essentially diagnostic; however, chest computed tomography is highly specific. Factors that may mitigate the severity of pediatric COVID-19 are home confinement with limited children activity, trained immunity caused by compulsory vaccination, the response of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors in children is not the same as in adults, and that children are less likely to have comorbidities. As infected children may be asymptomatic or may have only mild respiratory and/or gastrointestinal symptoms that might be missed, all children for families who have a member diagnosed with COVID-19 should be investigated.

scholarly journals Myocardial amyloidosis following multiple myeloma in a 38-year-old female patient: A case report

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-402
Author(s):  
Qisi Zhang ◽  
Yingli Qiao ◽  
Dongmei Yan ◽  
Yuhui Deng ◽  
Mengyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Impaired Cardiac Function

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is an immunoglobulin-producing tumor of plasma cells, which occurs commonly in the elderly. The incidence of myocardial amyloidosis with MM is extremely low and early clinical manifestations are nonspecific. The diversity of clinical manifestations and first episode symptoms often cause misdiagnosis in young patients with myocardial amyloidosis following MM. In this study, we analyzed the clinical data of a young woman with MM and impaired cardiac function combined with echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), laboratory data, cell Congo Red staining, and other manifestations to diagnose amyloidosis. Considering the rapid progression, short survival, and poor prognosis in most patients, a clear, definitive, and timely diagnosis is essential for the treatment of patients with MM complicated with myocardial amyloidosis.

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