scholarly journals The Understanding of Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children Aged 8–16

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simpson W. L. Wong ◽  
Clare C. W. Yu ◽  
Albert M. Li
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Age Related

Objective: To examine the understanding of the concept peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) among children and adolescents at different ages from a developmental perspective.Methods: A total of 549 children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 were recruited and instructed to fill in a 20-item Peak VO2Understanding Inventory developed with reference to the research literature on peak VO2. We presented the participants with twenty scenarios and asked them to indicate whether peak VO2 would “remain unchanged,” “increase,” or “decrease,” or that there was “insufficient information for a definite answer.” The cross-sectional data was analyzed by employing a series of ANOVA analyses and chi-square association tests. Additional statistical analyses were performed to examine the error patterns and if there were gender differences.Results: Except for the 8-year-old group, the overall accuracy rate did not improve with age. Age-related differences in the choice of answers (“increase,” “decrease,” “unchanged,” and “uncertain”) for determining the resulting peak VO2 after a change of antecedent were observed. Error analysis by item showed that prefactual thinking that is important to understand the concept was emerging rather than fully developed in our child and adolescent samples.Conclusion: The mastery of peak VO2 is not subject to age-related maturation but might demand the acquisition of specific logical reasoning skill such as perfactual thinking. Early introduction of peak VO2 and related concepts is advocated and should be emphasized on the reasoning rather than providing model answers in physical literacy education.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular determinants of renal dysfunction among children and adolescents in South West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Akinbodewa ◽  
O.A. Adejumo ◽  
A. Ogunleye ◽  
T.T. Oluwafemi ◽  
O.A. Lamidi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: New evidences reveal significant association of cardiovascular risk factors to development of chronic kidney disease among children and adolescents but there is paucity of data from Africa. Objectives: We examined the association of cardiovascular risk factors to renal dysfunction among Nigerian pediatric subjects. Materials and method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of pediatrics aged 2 to 17 years. Blood pressure, body mass index, serum lipids and creatinine were determined. Their glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the revised Schwartz equation. Data was analyzed with SPSS 20. Test of association was by Chi square at P <0.05. Results: We studied 114 children and adolescents. There were 55 (48.2%) males and 59 (51.8%) females with mean age of 8.99±4.26 years. There were 68 (53.5%) children and 53 adolescents (46.5%). Four (3.5%) subjects had proteinuria ≥1+. Renal dysfunction (eGFR <60ml/ min/1.73m2) was found among 9 (7.9%) participants. Renal dysfunction was higher among children than adolescents (13.1% v 1.9%) (p = 0.027). The presence and clustering of risk factors were higher among subjects with renal dysfunction (p value 0.466, 95% CI 0.19-28.3). Low HDL-c (44.4%), prehypertension(22.2%) and overweight (22.2%) were the most prevalent risk factors among those with renal dysfunction. Only age demonstrated relationship to renal dysfunction in terms of mean difference (p value 0.007, 95% CI, 1.125-6.818). Conclusions: The prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is higher among children with renal dysfunction. Age showed association  to renal dysfunction. Dyslipidemia and high body mass have propensity to influence the development of pediatric CKD. Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factors, renal dysfunction, association, pediatrics, Nigeria, Africa.

scholarly journals Maxillofacial injuries among Brazilian children and adolescents victims of traffic accidents

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Gonzaga de FARIAS ◽  
Rebeca Valeska Soares PEREIRA ◽  
Lorenna Mendes Temóteo BRANDT ◽  
Thaliny Batista Sarmento de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Alidianne Fábia Cabral XAVIER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of morbidity due to traffic accidents in children and adolescents and its relationship with maxillofacial injuries in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 533 forensic reports of individuals aged 0-19 years, victims of external causes in Campina Grande, Brazil, in 2013. Data were collected through a form containing variables sex, age, day of week, time, type of traffic accident, injured body region, presence of fractures, maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Prevalence ratios and confidence intervals at 95% were estimated with the chi-square test. RESULTS: There was predominance of males (75.0%) aged 15-19 years (65.0%), with association between sex and occurrence of traffic accidents (p <0.001). The afternoon shift recorded 36.7% of cases of accidents involving motorcyclists (55.0%). In 25.0% of cases, there were injuries on the head and 26.7% on the face. Head and face injuries were observed in 10.0% of patients, while maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries were present in 21.7% and 6.7%, respectively. There was an association between occurrence of accident and face injuries (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Traffic accidents affect mostly young male individuals, causing multiple injuries in different body areas, including maxillofacial and oral cavity injuries.

scholarly journals Acute malnutrition is associated with the high nutritional risk obtained by STRONGkids in children and adolescents with infectious diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e407101119859
Author(s):  
Francisca Maria da Silva ◽  
Francisca Isabelle da Silva e Sousa ◽  
Alexandre Danton Viana Pinheiro ◽  
Ribanna Aparecida Marques Braga ◽  
Maria Luisa Pereira de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: In this study, we aim to evaluate whether the presence of malnutrition in children and adolescents with infectious diseases is associated with high nutritional risk obtained by the STRONGkids instrument. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 237 hospitalized patients aged between 30 days and 18 years. Identification and diagnosis data, weight and height were collected. STRONGkids determined nutritional risk. Acute malnutrition was classified by BMI/age Z score < - 2 and chronic by Height/age Z score < - 2. Associations between categorical variables were verified using Pearson's chi-square test. A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between anthropometric parameters of malnutrition and nutritional risk. It was considered significant p< 0,05. Results: In multiple analysis, it was observed that having malnutrition as of BMI/age increases the chance by 5.68 of having high nutritional risk by the STRONGKids instrument, regardless of age, sex and the presence of poverty-related infectious diseases (OR: 5.68; 95% CI: 1.54-20.93; p=0.009). Conclusion: In summary, for patients with infectious diseases, acute malnutrition (BMI/age) is associated directly with the diagnosis of high nutritional risk by STRONGkids.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHYSICAL FITNESS IN INFECTED AND NON-INFECTED CHILDREN WITH SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTH

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Esfayanti Sianturi ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu* ◽  
Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
School Children ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whitney Test

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection can cause decreasing physical tness in children, but the evidence available is limited. The aim to compare physical tness in infected and non-infected children with STH. A cross-sectional study was done in school children in Talawi districts, Batubara regency, North Sumatera province, Indonesia. The study was conducted from July to September 2018. Physical tness was assessed consisted of a cardiorespiratory component by measuring the consumption of oxygen uptake (VO max), and musculoskeletal component by 2 measuring muscular strength and exibility. Statistical analysis using chi-square and Mann-Whitney test to assess physical tness between groups. There were 140 school children enrolled in divided equally infected and non-infected children. Muscular strength and exibility were signicantly different between infected and non-infected school children. However, there was no different in VO max between groups. Muscular strength and exibility are weaker in infected school children compare to 2 non-infected children.

Pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R Barker ◽  
Neil Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Age Related

The pulmonary oxygen uptake (pV̇O2) kinetic response to exercise provides valuable non-invasive insight into the control of oxidative phosphorylation and determinants of exercise tolerance in children and adolescents. Few methodologically robust studies have investigated pV̇O2 kinetics in children and adolescents, but age- and sex-related differences have been identified. There is a clear age-related slowing of phase II pV̇O2 kinetics during heavy and very heavy exercise, with a trend showing during moderate intensity exercise. During heavy and very heavy exercise the oxygen cost is higher for phase II and the pV̇O2 component is truncated in children. Sex-related differences occur during heavy, but not moderate, intensity exercise, with boys having faster phase II pV̇O2 kinetics and a smaller pV̇O2 slow component compared to girls. The mechanisms underlying these differences are likely related to changes in phosphate feedback controllers of oxidative phosphorylation, muscle oxygen delivery, and/or muscle fibre recruitment strategies.

scholarly journals Youth Access to Electronic Cigarettes in an Unrestricted Market: a Cross-Sectional Study from Poland

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Balwicki ◽  
Danielle Smith ◽  
Malgorzata Balwicka-Szczyrba ◽  
Michal Gawron PharmD ◽  
Andrzej Sobczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
School Based ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Vape Shops

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth in Poland has become very popular. The aim of this study was to identify potential points of access to these products among students aged 16-17 before implementation of sales restrictions to minors in Poland in November 2016. Methods: A school-based, cross-sectional survey was administered in 2015-2016 in 21 secondary/technical schools across two regions of Poland. Analyses focused on 341 students aged 16-17 who reported past 30-day use of e-cigarettes. Pearson chi-square analyses were utilized to examine associations between access-related items, e-cigarette use, and demographics. Results: Among youth e-cigarette users, the most common access to their first e-cigarette was from a friend (38%), followed by purchasing from vape shops (26%). Similar patterns emerged when students were asked about the access to their currently used e-cigarette. Most youth reported no difficulty purchasing cartridges/e-liquid containing nicotine (90%); the majority of users (52%) reported buying such products in vape shops. Conclusions: Prior to implementing age-related sales restrictions, youth access to e-cigarettes and paraphernalia did not pose any significant barriers. Poland&rsquo;s introduction of a new age limit on e-cigarette sales may help limit the number of youth who purchase e-cigarettes from vape shops.

scholarly journals Use of Energy Drinks Among Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Gulsen Yalçın ◽  
Bahattin Sayinbatur ◽  
Musa Caynak
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pediatric Diseases

Aim: Energy drinks are widely consumed among young people, although they have serious side effects. This study is intended to describe the relations between variables such as socio-demographic characteristics, daily habits, consumption of energy drinks, and its frequency among participants. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive research is a survey of consecutive patients aged between 10 and 18 years who admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Outpatient Clinic of Diyarbakır Pediatric Diseases Hospital between November 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020. Note that the frequency distribution and averages were found and categorical data were compared using the chi-square test while numerical data were compared using the independent sample t test. Results: Note that 503 participants were included in the study; the mean age of the participants was 16.0±1.9 years, 59.4% (n=299), of which were male. Moreover, 64.2% (n=323), of the participants consumed energy drinks with 65.3% (n=211) consuming one can per week; 45.5% (n=147) of participants consumed energy drinks out of curiosity. Moreover, as the level of education and income of the participants and the parents decreased, the consumption of energy drinks increased, and this was statistically significant. Alcohol, smoking, and substance use increased the rate of energy drinks consumption, which was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Educational programs should be planned to inform the whole society, and especially children and adolescents with low socioeconomic status and educational background about the damages to health caused by energy drinks consumption. Moreover, it is necessary to review the legal regulations for the sale and marketing of energy drinks. Keywords: energy drinks, consumption, adolescents

Age-Related Differences in Perceived Exertion While Walking and Running Near the Preferred Transition Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Stacey M. Kung ◽  
Philip W. Fink ◽  
Stephen J. Legg ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Sarah P. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Transition Speed ◽  
Age Related ◽  
All Speeds ◽  
Preferred Transition Speed

Purpose: To investigate whether youth and adults can perceive differences in exertion between walking and running at speeds near the preferred transition speed (PTS) and if there are age-related differences in these perceptions. Methods: A total of 49 youth (10–12 y, n = 21; 13–14 y, n = 10; 15–17 y, n = 18) and 13 adults (19–29 y) completed a walk-to-run transition protocol to determine PTS and peak oxygen uptake. The participants walked and ran on a treadmill at 5 speeds (PTS–0.28 m·s−1, PTS–0.14 m·s−1, PTS, PTS+0.14 m·s−1, PTS+0.28 m·s−1) and rated perceived exertion using the OMNI Perceived Exertion (OMNI-RPE) scale. Oxygen consumption was measured during the walk-to-run transition protocol to obtain the relative intensity (percentage of peak oxygen uptake) at PTS. OMNI-RPE scores at all speeds and percentage of peak oxygen uptake at PTS were compared between age groups. Results: The 10- to 12-year-olds transitioned at a higher percentage of peak oxygen uptake than adults (64.54 [10.18] vs 52.22 [11.40], respectively; P = .035). The 10- to 14-year-olds generally reported higher OMNI-RPE scores than the 15- to 17-year-olds and adults (P < .050). In addition, the 10- to 14-year-olds failed to distinguish differences in OMNI-RPE between walking and running at PTS and PTS+0.14 m·s−1. Conclusions: Children aged 10–14 years are less able to distinguish whether walking or running requires less effort at speeds near the PTS compared with adults. The inability to judge which gait mode is less demanding could hinder the ability to minimize locomotive demands.

scholarly journals Modified Shuttle Test Distance Correlates With Peak Oxygen Uptake in Children and Adolescents With Severe Therapy-Resistant Asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Schiwe ◽  
João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho ◽  
Cláudia Silva Schindel ◽  
Mailise Fátima Gheller ◽  
Natália Evangelista Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Test Distance

Prevalence of Meeting Physical Activity, Screen-Time, and Sleep Guidelines Among Children and Adolescents With and Without Visual Impairments in the United States

2019 ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin A. Haegele ◽  
Carrie J. Aigner ◽  
Sean Healy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree to which children and adolescents with and without visual impairments (VIs) met national physical activity, screen-time, and sleep guidelines. This observational, cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 National Survey of Children’s Health focused on children (age 6–12 yr) and adolescents (age 13–17 yr) with and without VIs. The sample included 241 (weighted n = 472,127) and 17,610 (weighted n = 28,249,833) children, and 255 (weighted n = 505,401) and 17,417 (weighted n = 20,071,557) adolescents with and without VIs, respectively. Chi-square statistics were computed to examine the degree to which participants with and without VIs met health-behavior guidelines. Children (p = .02) with VIs were less likely to meet screen-time guidelines, but adolescents with VIs were not (p = .87). VI status was not associated with the likelihood of meeting physical activity or sleep guidelines (p < .05). Low numbers of children and adolescents with and without VIs meeting health-behavior guidelines warrant targeted interventions aimed at enhancing engagement.

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