scholarly journals Clinical Strains of Helicobacter pylori With Strong Cell Invasiveness and the Protective Effect of Patchouli Alcohol by Improving miR-30b/C Mediated Xenophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Xu ◽  
Qiuhua Deng ◽  
Yuanzun Zhong ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Haiwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Patchouli Alcohol ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
Cell Invasiveness ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Helicobacter pylori was classified by the World Health Organization as a class 1 carcinogen. The development of drug-resistant strains of this pathogen poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. The cell invasion of H. pylori activates xenophagy in gastric epithelial cells by mediating miR-30b/c, and the emergence of autophagosomes provides a niche that enables the survival of intracellular H. pylori and promotes its drug resistance. This study revealed that some clinical drug-resistant H. pylori strains present much stronger invasive ability than standard strains. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth (Labiatae), showed reliable activity against intracellular H. pylori. The mechanisms appeared to involve the downregulation of miR-30c-3p/5p and miR-30b-5p, thereby upregulating xenophagy-related gene expression (ULK1, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG14) and enhancing xenophagy. PA also inhibited the nuclear transfection of miR-30b-5p induced by H. pylori, thereby enhancing transcription factor EB function and increasing lysosome activity. The finding of strongly invasive intracellular H. pylori has great implications for clinical treatment, and PA can act against invasive H. pylori based on the improvement of miR-30b/c mediated xenophagy. Taken together, the results demonstrate that PA have potential use as a candidate medication for intracellular drug-resistant H. pylori.

scholarly journals Prediction of Epitopes in the Proteome of Helicobacter pylori

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elkin Navarro-Quiroz ◽  
Roberto Navarro-Quiroz ◽  
Pierine España-Puccini ◽  
José Luis Villarreal ◽  
Anderson Díaz Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
World Health ◽  
Phase Variable ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Group I ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Health Organization

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a group I carcinogen and is one of the most efficient human pathogens with over half of the world's population colonized by this gram-negative spiral bacterium. H. pylori can cause a chronic infection in the stomach during early childhood that persists throughout life due to diverse mechanisms of immune response evasion. H. pylori has several factors strongly associated with increased risk of disease such as toxins, adhesins, and chemoattractants, some of which are highly polymorphic, phase variable, and have different functions. Conventional treatments involve the use of antibiotics. However, treatment frequently fails due to the resistance H. pylori has progressively developed to antibiotics. This creates the need for different treatments made possible by identifying new therapeutic targets in the pathogen’s genome.The purpose of this study was an in silico prediction of T- and B- epitopes in H. pylori proteins. Twenty-two external membrane proteins from H. pylori Strain 26695 (accession number NC_000915) were identified using the web tool Vaxign (http://www.violinet.org/vaxign/). A total of one-hundred epitopes (60 class I epitopes and 40 class II epitopes) that could be used to develop novel non-antibiotics drugs for an H. pylori infection were predicted.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori Accumulates Photoactive Porphyrins and Is Killed by Visible Light

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2822-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hamblin ◽  
Jennifer Viveiros ◽  
Changming Yang ◽  
Atosa Ahmadi ◽  
Robert A. Ganz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori colonizes the mucus layer of the human stomach and duodenum, causes chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. There is a 20% failure rate in antibiotic therapy, which is increasingly due to antibiotic resistance and necessitates the search for alternative antimicrobial methods. We have discovered that H. pylori when cultured in liquid medium, accumulates significant quantities of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX, both in the cells and secreted into the medium. These photoactive porphyrins lead to cell death (up to 5 logs) by photodynamic action upon illumination with low doses of visible light, with blue/violet light being most efficient. The degree of killing increases with the age of the culture and is greater than that found with Propionibacterium acnes (another bacterium known to be photosensitive due to porphyrin accumulation). Both virulent and drug-resistant strains are killed. The data suggest that phototherapy might be used to treat H. pylori infection in the human stomach.

scholarly journals Rescue therapy with rifabutin regimen for refractory Helicobacter pylori infection with dual drug-resistant strain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Jung Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Yu Lin ◽  
Puo-Hsien Le ◽  
Pi-Yueh Chang ◽  
Chih-Ho Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Triple Therapy ◽  
Eradication Rate ◽  
Rescue Therapy ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Dual Drug

Abstract Background: There is no current standard rescue treatment for dual drug-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori. This aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rifabutin-based triple therapy for patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin.Methods: After two or three H. pylori treatment failures, patients underwent upper endoscopy with tissue biopsies. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance was determined using agar dilution test and polymerase chain reaction with direct sequencing, respectively. Patients infected with dual drug-resistant (clarithromycin and levofloxacin) strains and received rifabutin based triple therapy (rifabutin 150 mg bid, amoxicillin 1 g bid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid for 10 days) were enrolled. Eradication status was determined by 13C-urea breath test four weeks after treatment completion. Results: A total of 39 patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains were enrolled in this study, with a mean age of 55.9 years. The eradication rate was 79.5% (31/39). Adverse event was reported in 23.1% (9/39) of patients but mild and tolerable. In univariate analysis, no factor was identified as an independent predictor of eradication failure. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrated that rifabutin-based triple therapy was well tolerated and yielded an acceptable eradication rate for patients infected with dual drug-resistant strains of H. pylori.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis drug resistance in Canada, 1998 to 2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Melissa D Phypers ◽  
Linda Panaro ◽  
Penny Nault
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
International Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

The emergence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis (TB) is a global threat to TB prevention and control efforts. A recent study conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease found strains of TB resistant to first-line anti-TB drugs in all countries surveyed (1). The WHO estimates that 50 million people are infected with strains of drug-resistant TB (2).

Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 310-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Caminero ◽  
Charles Daley
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractDrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pose a major threat to global tuberculosis control. Despite the availability of curative antituberculosis therapy for nearly half a century, inappropriate and inadequate treatment of tuberculosis, as well as unchecked transmission of M. tuberculosis, has resulted in alarming levels of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 600,000 cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/rifampin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis in 2016, defined as strains that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. Globally, WHO estimates that 4.1% of new tuberculosis cases and 19% of retreatment cases have MDR-TB. By the end of 2016, 123 countries had reported at least one case of extensively drug-resistant strains, which are MDR-TB strains that have acquired additional resistance to fluoroquinolones and at least one second-line injectable. It is estimated that only 22% of all MDR-TB cases are currently receiving therapy. This article reviews the management of MDR/RR-TB and updates recommendations regarding the use of shorter course regimens and new drugs.

scholarly journals Helicobacter pylori in Human Stomach: The Inconsistencies in Clinical Outcomes and the Probable Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Mary Alexander ◽  
Radhakrishnan Jayalakshmi Retnakumar ◽  
Deepak Chouhan ◽  
Thillai Natarajan Barani Devi ◽  
Sanjai Dharmaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Virulence Proteins ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Health Organization

Pathogenic potentials of the gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, have been proposed, evaluated, and confirmed by many laboratories for nearly 4 decades since its serendipitous discovery in 1983 by Barry James Marshall and John Robin Warren. Helicobacter pylori is the first bacterium to be categorized as a definite carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). Half of the world’s population carries H. pylori, which may be responsible for severe gastric diseases like peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. These two gastric diseases take more than a million lives every year. However, the role of H. pylori as sole pathogen in gastric diseases is heavily debated and remained controversial. It is still not convincingly understood, why most (80–90%) H. pylori infected individuals remain asymptomatic, while some (10–20%) develop such severe gastric diseases. Moreover, several reports indicated that colonization of H. pylori has positive and negative associations with several other gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI diseases. In this review, we have discussed the state of the art knowledge on “H. pylori factors” and several “other factors,” which have been claimed to have links with severe gastric and duodenal diseases. We conclude that H. pylori infection alone does not satisfy the “necessary and sufficient” condition for developing aggressive clinical outcomes. Rather, the cumulative effect of a number of factors like the virulence proteins of H. pylori, local geography and climate, genetic background and immunity of the host, gastric and intestinal microbiota, and dietary habit and history of medicine usage together determine whether the H. pylori infected person will remain asymptomatic or will develop one of the severe gastric diseases.

scholarly journals Fighting the Antibiotic Crisis: Flavonoids as Promising Antibacterial Drugs Against Helicobacter pylori Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés González ◽  
Javier Casado ◽  
Ángel Lanas
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Health Organization

Over half of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with Helicobacter pylori. Chronic infection with this microbial class I carcinogen is considered the most important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. The increasing antimicrobial resistance to first-line antibiotics mainly causes the failure of current eradication therapies, inducing refractory infections. The alarming increase in multidrug resistance in H. pylori isolates worldwide is already beginning to limit the efficacy of existing treatments. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has included H. pylori in its list of “priority pathogens” for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. Novel strategies must be followed to fight this antibiotic crisis, including properly exploiting the proven therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and plant-derived phytochemicals. In this mini-review, we overview the impressive properties of naturally occurring flavonoids as effective antimicrobial agents against H. pylori, which support the use of these plant-derived bioactive compounds as promising drug candidates for inclusion in novel and personalized combinatory therapies against H. pylori infection.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis: World Health Organization launches Global Response Plan 2007-2008

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Collective Editorial team
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
First Line ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Drug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

An increasing proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases today are resistant to first line, and often also to second line anti-TB drugs. Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are now responsible for over 400,000 cases of TB per year.

scholarly journals Histo-epidemiological aspect of Helicobacter pylori chronic gastritis in a Moroccan population

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Radia El Gui ◽  
Hajar Hechlaf ◽  
Soumia Ed-Day ◽  
Omar Akhouayri ◽  
Samira Boulbaroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Epidemiological Aspect ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
And Gender ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Health Organization

Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) is the best example of the implication of chronical infection in carcinogenesis. The World Health Organization recognized it as a class I carcinogen since it triggers the progression of premalignant gastric lesions. The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of H. Pylori infection, related risk factors, and explore the histological features of the chronic gastritis. This is a retrospective study of 248 gastric specimens, examinated and evaluated according Sydney to system. The prevalence of H. Pylori is 67 %, chronic gastritis is observed in all the biopsies (100%). Age and gender were not a risk factors for the H. Pylori infection. Prevalence of H. Pylori was 71.93% in low socio-economic class. The severity of the chronic gastritis increases if the colonization of H. Pylori increases. In 74, 58% of cases chronic gastritis was active. Glandular atrophy presented 10.37% and in 80% was related to H. Pylori infection (p=0,004) and 12 % related to autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of Intestinal metaplasia is 10.53%, and H. Pylori was observed in 42.31% of cases (p=0.001). The dysplasia is detected in one case, in a 72 years old patient. We also observed one case of gastric adenocarcinoma, of an 80 years. Follicular gastritis are in 32% of cases, and they were more frequent in H. Pylori infected slides (82% of subjects) (p< 0.005).According to this study, H. Pylori Chronic Gastritis is very common in our population, and a coherent relationship exists between H. Pylori colonization and pre-cancerous lesions. An early eradicating should be considered as a health goal.

IL-10-592 A/C Gene Polymorphism and Cytokine Levels are Associated with Susceptibility to Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Atefeh SADEGHI SHERMEH ◽  
Majid KHOSHMIRSAFA ◽  
Ali-Akbar DELBANDI ◽  
Payam TABARSI ◽  
Esmaeil MORTAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and especially resistant forms of it have a substantial economic burden on the community health system for diagnosis and treatment each year. Thus, investigation of this field is a priority for the world health organization (WHO). Cytokines play important roles in the relationship between the immune system and tuberculosis. Genetic variations especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact cytokine levels and function against TB. Material and Methods: In this research SNPs in IFN-γ (+874 T/A) and IL-10 (-592 A/C) genes, and the effects of these SNPs on cytokine levels in a total of 87 tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. TB patients divided into two groups: 1) 67 drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 2) 20 drug-resistant (DR-TB) according to drug sensitivity test using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the genotyping of two SNPs, the PCR-based method was used and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and control group. Results: In -592A/C SNP, only two genotypes (AA, AC) were observed and both genotypes showed statistically significant differences between DR-TB and HCs (p=0.011). IL-10 serum levels in PTB patients were higher than HCs (p=0.02). The serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in DS-TB patients than that of the other two groups (p<0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies in IFN-γ +874. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SNP at -592 position of IL-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to DR-TB. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords: Polymorphism, IFN-γ, IL-10, tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis

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