scholarly journals Period 2 Regulates CYP2B10 Expression and Activity in Mouse Liver

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
MengLin Chen ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Danyi Lu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  

CYP2B10 is responsible for metabolism and detoxification of many clinical drugs. Here, we aimed to investigate a potential role of Period 2 (PER2) in regulating expression of hepatic CYP2B10. Regulatory effects of PER2 on hepatic expression of CYP2B10 and other enzymes were determined using Per2-deficient mice with exons 4-6 deleted (named Per2Del4-6 mice). In vitro and in vivo metabolic activities of CYP2B10 were probed using cyclophosphamide (CPA) as a specific substrate. Regulatory mechanism was investigated using luciferase reporter assays. Genotyping and Western blotting demonstrated loss of wild-type Per2 transcript and markedly reduced PER2 protein in Per2Del4-6 mice. Hepatic expression of a plenty of drug-metabolizing genes (including Cyp2a4/2a5, Cyp2b10, Ugt1a1, Ugt1a9, Ugt2b36, Sult1a1 and Sult1e1) were altered (and majority were down-regulated) in Per2Del4-6 mice. Of note, Cyp2b10, Ugt1a9 and Sult1a1 were three genes considerably affected with reduced expression. Decreased expression of CYP2B10 was translated to reduced metabolism and altered pharmacokinetics of CPA as well as attenuated CPA hepatotoxicity in Per2Del4-6 mice. Positive regulation of CYP2B10 by PER2 was further confirmed in both Hepa-1c1c7 and AML-12 cells. Based on luciferase reporter assays, it was shown that PER2 regulated Cyp2b10 transcription in a REV-ERBα-dependent manner. REV-ERBα was negatively regulated by PER2 (increased REV-ERBα expression in Per2Del4-6 mice) and itself was also a repressor of CYP2B10. In conclusion, PER2 positively regulates CYP2B10 expression and activity in mouse liver through inhibiting its repressor REV-ERBα.

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (12) ◽  
pp. 5525-5531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Leong ◽  
Sofia Moverare ◽  
Jesena Brce ◽  
Nathan Doyle ◽  
Klara Sjögren ◽  
...  

Abstract Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are important negative regulators of cytokine action. We recently reported that estrogen stimulates SOCS-2 expression and inhibits GH signaling in kidney cells. The effects of estrogen on SOCS expression in other tissues are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro whether estrogen affected SOCS expression in the liver, a major target organ of GH. The in vivo hepatic effects of estrogen on ovariectomized mice lacking estrogen receptor (ER)-α, ERβ, or both and their wild-type littermates were examined by DNA microarray analysis. In vitro, the effects of estrogen on SOCS expression in human hepatoma cells were examined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Long-term (3 wk) estrogen treatment induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in hepatic expression of SOCS-2 and -3 in wild-type and ERβ knockout mice but not in those lacking ERα or both ER subtypes. Short-term treatment (at 24 h) increased the mRNA level of SOCS-3 but not SOCS-2. In cultured hepatoma cells, estrogen increased SOCS-2 and -3 mRNA levels by 2-fold in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Estrogen induced murine SOCS-3 promoter activity by 2-fold (P < 0.05) in constructs containing a region between nucleotides −1862 and −855. Moreover, estrogen and GH had additive effects on the SOCS-3 promoter activity. In summary, estrogen, via ERα, up-regulated hepatic expression of SOCS-2 and -3, probably through transcriptional activation. This indicates a novel mechanism of estrogen regulation of cytokine action.


Author(s):  
You Dong Liu ◽  
Xiao Peng Zhuang ◽  
Dong Lan Cai ◽  
Can Cao ◽  
Qi Sheng Gu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the functions of extracellular miRNA to recipient cells have been extensively studied with tumorigenesis. However, the role of miRNA in EV secretion from cancer cells remains unknown. Methods qPCR and bioinformatics analysis were applied for determining extracellular let-7a expression from CRC patient serum and cells. Nanosight particle tracking analysis was performed for investigating the effect of let-7a on EV secretion. Luciferase reporter assays was used for identifying targeted genes synaptosome-associated protein 23 (SNAP23). In vitro and in vivo assays were used for exploring the function of let-7a/SNAP23 axis in CRC progression. Bioenergetic assays were performed for investigating the role of let-7a/SNAP23 in cellular metabolic reprogramming. Results let-7a miRNA was elevated in serum EVs from CRC patients and was enriched in CRC cell-derived EVs. We determined that let-7a could suppress EV secretion directly targeting SNAP23. In turn, SNAP23 promotes EV secretion of let-7a to downregulate the intracellular let-7a expression. In addition, we found a novel mechanism of let-7a/SNAP23 axis by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through Lin28a/SDHA signaling pathway. Conclusions Let-7a plays an essential role in not only inhibiting EV secretion, but also suppressing OXPHOS through SNAP23, resulting in the suppression of CRC progression, suggesting that let-7a/SNAP23 axis could provide not only effective tumor biomarkers but also novel targets for tumor therapeutic strategies.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Sun ◽  
Jizhao Wang ◽  
Xuanzi Sun ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xu Zhao ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Radioresistance, a poorly understood phenomenon, results in the failure of radiotherapy and consequent local recurrence, threatening a large proportion of ESCC patients. To date, lncRNAs have been found to be involved in diverse biological processes, including radioresistance.Methods ELISA was used to evaluated the H3 modifications in radio-resistant ESCC cells. FISH and qRT-PCR were adopted to examine the expression and localization of lncRNA-NORAD, pri-miR-199a and miR-199a. Electron microscopy and Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was conducted to observe and identify exosomes. High-throughput RNA sequencing and TMT mass spectrometry were performed to identify the functional lncRNAs and proteins involved in ESCC radioresistance. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to investigate the biological effect of NORAD. CHIP, qPCR-RIP, co-IP and dual-luciferase reporter assays were used to explore the interaction of related RNAs and proteins. Results We show here that a DNA damage activated non-coding RNA-NORAD, which is critical for ESCC radio-resistance. NORAD was highly expressed in radio-resistant ESCC cells and tissues. Irradiation treatment promotes NORAD expression via enhancing H3K4me2 enrichment on its region. NORAD knockdown cells exhibit significantly hypersensitivity to irradiation in vivo and in vitro. NORAD is required for initiating repair and restart of stalled forks, G2 cycle arrest and homologous recombination repair upon irradiation treatment. Mechanistically, NORAD inhibits miR-199a expression by competitively binding PUM1 from pri-miR-199a, inhibiting the process of pri-miR-199a. Mature miR-199a in NORAD-knockdown cells can be packaged into exosomes; miR-199a restores the radiosensitivity of radioresistant cells by targeting EEPD1, then inhibiting ATR/Chk1 signaling pathway. Simultaneously, NORAD knockdown blocks the ubiquitination of PD-L1, leads to the better response for radiation and anti-PD-1 treatment in mouse model.Conclusion This study raises the possibility that LncRNA-NORAD could be a potential treatment target for improving the efficiency of immunotherapy in combination with radiation in ESCC.


Author(s):  
Xiaohua Li ◽  
Chenyu Guo ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Feifei Yu

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported that related to microvascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the potential mechanism remains unknown. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of lncRNA SNHG16 in proliferative DR progression. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the levels of SNHG16 and miR-20a-5p from peripheral blood samples of different participants. Pearson’s correlation analysis on the plasma data was applied to detect correlations between SNHG16 and miR-20a-5p. Finally, the interactions of miR-20a-5p and SNHG16 or E2F1 were assessed by luciferase reporter assays. SNHG16 and E2F1 were increased and miR-20a-5p was decreased in proliferative DR both in vivo and in vitro, when compared with control or non-proliferative DR. E2F1 was identified as the target of miR-20a-5p. MiR-20a-5p interacted with SNHG16 and E2F1, and was controlled by SNHG16. The regulation of SNHG16 on E2F1 was mediated by miR-20a-5p. Cells transfected with SNHG16 OE plasmid markedly increased cell apoptosis and vessel-like formation, whereas the miR-20a-5p mimic partially reversed these effects. Transfection with si-E2F1 plasmid rescued SNHG16 overexpression-aggravated proliferative DR. This study indicated that SNHG16 regulated E2F1 expression by sponging miR-20a-5p and aggravating proliferative DR.


Author(s):  
Baochi Ou ◽  
Hongze Sun ◽  
Jingkun Zhao ◽  
Zhuoqing Xu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3) has been documented as a tumor suppressor in several types of malignancies. However, the role of PLK3 in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and glucose metabolism remains to be known. Methods The expression of PLK3 in CRC tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Cells proliferation was examined by EdU, CCK-8 and in vivo analyses. Glucose metabolism was assessed by detecting lactate production, glucose uptake, mitochondrial respiration, extracellular acidification rate, oxygen consumption rate and ATP production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the signaling pathway. Specific targeting by miRNAs was determined by luciferase reporter assays and correlation with target protein expression. Results PLK3 was significantly downregulated in CRC tissues and its low expression was correlated with worse prognosis of patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that PLK3 contributed to growth inhibition of CRC cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PLK3 impeded glucose metabolism via targeting Hexokinase 2 (HK2) expression. Mechanically, PLK3 bound to Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and facilitated its degradation, which led to a significant decrease of phosphorylated STAT3. The downregulation of p-STAT3 further suppressed the transcriptional activation of HK2. Moreover, our investigations showed that PLK3 was directly targeted by miR-106b at post-transcriptional level in CRC cells. Conclusion This study suggests that PLK3 inhibits glucose metabolism by targeting HSP90/STAT3/HK2 signaling and PLK3 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Ma ◽  
Baoyi Yin ◽  
Shuai Guo ◽  
Talha Umar ◽  
Junfeng Liu ◽  
...  

Background. Persistent endometritis caused by bacterial infections has lethal effects on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle, which compromises animal welfare and delays or prevents pregnancy. The microRNA (miRNA) miR-34 family plays a pivotal role in the inflammatory process; however, the precise mechanism of miR-34a in endometritis has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. Methods. In this study, the endometrium of cows diagnosed with endometritis was harvested for bacterial culture and Gram staining to evaluate bacterial contamination of the uterus. Based on this, a bovine endometrial epithelial cell (BEND) inflammation model and a mouse model stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and in vivo were constructed. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8, trypan blue staining, and flow cytometry. H&E was applied to histopathological analysis. Immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot assays were performed to measure the mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes. Online databases, plasmid construction, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to predict and validate the interaction between miR-34a and its target gene LGR4. Finally, mice were injected vaginally with a local antagomir to validate the role of miR-34a in murine uterine inflammation. Results. In this study, we observed that Gram-negative bacteria, represented by Escherichia coli, are the predominant pathogenic agents responsible for the recurrent occurrence of endometritis in dairy cows. Further, miR-34a was found to repress the expression of LGR4 by targeting the 3 ′ untranslated region (3 ′ UTR) of LGR4. miR-34a was upregulated in bovine uterine tissues and bovine endometrial epithelial cells stimulated with LPS. miR-34a induced the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by activating the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Furthermore, IL-1β upregulated miR-34a transcription and downregulated LGR4 expression in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Conclusions. Taken together, our study confirmed that miR-34a is regulated by IL-1β and suppresses the level of the LGR4 3 ′ UTR, which in turn exacerbates the inflammatory response. Thus, the knockdown of miR-34a might be a new direction for the treatment of endometritis.


Author(s):  
Yuanjun Lu ◽  
Yau-Tuen Chan ◽  
Hor-Yue Tan ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Drug resistance to sorafenib greatly limited the benefits of treatment in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the development of drug resistance. The key miRNA regulators related to the clinical outcome of sorafenib treatment and their molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. Methods The clinical significance of miRNA-related epigenetic changes in sorafenib-resistant HCC was evaluated by analyzing publicly available databases and in-house human HCC tissues. The biological functions of miR-23a-3p were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify the mechanisms that regulating miR-23a-3p. Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were used to validate the binding relationship of miR-23a-3p and its targets. Results We found that miR-23a-3p was the most prominent miRNA in HCC, which was overexpressed in sorafenib non-responders and indicated poor survival and HCC relapse. Sorafenib-resistant cells exhibited increased miR-23a-3p transcription in an ETS Proto-Oncogene 1 (ETS1)-dependent manner. CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of miR-23a-3p improved sorafenib response in HCC cells as well as orthotopic HCC tumours. Proteomics analysis suggested that sorafenib-induced ferroptosis was the key pathway suppressed by miR-23a-3p with reduced cellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. MiR-23a-3p directly targeted the 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of ACSL4, the key positive regulator of ferroptosis. The miR-23a-3p inhibitor rescued ACSL4 expression and induced ferrotoptic cell death in sorafenib-treated HCC cells. The co-delivery of ACSL4 siRNA and miR-23a-3p inhibitor abolished sorafenib response. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that ETS1/miR-23a-3p/ACSL4 axis contributes to sorafenib resistance in HCC through regulating ferroptosis. Our findings suggest that miR-23a-3p could be a potential target to improve sorafenib responsiveness in HCC patients.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeyu Zhang ◽  
Yuxing Zhu ◽  
Mengqing Xiao ◽  
Yaxin Cheng ◽  
Dong He ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundBladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system. Increasing evidence indicates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer tumorigenesis, development, and progression. However, the role of TMPO antisense RNA 1 (TMPO-AS1) is still need to be explored in BC.MethodsThe lncRNA TMPO-AS1 expression was evaluated by bioinformatics analysis and further validated by qRT-PCR. Loss- and gain-of- function assays were performed to determine the biological functions of TMPO-AS1 in BC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, western blotting, RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation assays, and fluorescence in situ hybridization were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms of TMPO-AS1/E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) loop. ResultsTMPO-AS1 is upregulated in bladder cancer and is associated with BC patients’ poor prognoses. Functional experiments demonstrated that TMPO-AS1 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibits cell apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, E2F1 is responsible for the TMPO-AS1 upregulation. Additionally, TMPO-AS1 facilitates the interaction of E2F1 with OTU domain-containing ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1), leading to E2F1 deubiquitination and stabilization, thereby promotes BC malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, rescue experiments showed that TMPO-AS1 promotes BC growth in an E2F1-dependent manner.ConclusionsOur study is the first to uncover a novel positive regulatory loop of TMPO-AS1/E2F1 important for the promotion of BC malignant behaviors. The TMPO-AS1/E2F1 loop should be considered in the quest for new BC therapeutic options.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Liang ◽  
Qiuyan Zhao ◽  
Zhonglin Zhu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhang

Abstract Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been elucidated to participate in the development and progression of various cancers. In this study, we aim to explore the underlying functions and mechanisms of LINC00958 in colorectal cancer. Methods: LINC00958 expression in colorectal cancer tissues was examined by qRT-PCR. The associations between LINC00958 expression with clinical characteristics and prognosis were evaluated. The biological functions of LINC00958 were detected by CCK-8, MTT, colony formation and Flow cytometric analyses. RNA-pull down, RIP and luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the regulation of LINC00958 on miR-422a. Rescue experiments were performed to detect the effects of miR-422a on the roles of LINC00958. Results: LINC00958 was upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines; high LINC00958 level was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, T stage and TNM stage, and also predicted poor prognosis. Cell experiments showed that LINC00958 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis and the sensitivity of radiotherapy in vitro, and promoted cell growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the binding site of miR-422a on LINC00958. Mechanistically, RNA-pull down, RIP and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that LINC00958 specially targeted miR-422a. In addition, we provided evidence that miR-422a suppressed MAPK1 expression through directly binding to the 3’-UTR of MAPK1, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis and the radiosensitivity. Furthermore, miR-422a rescued the roles of LINC00958 on promoting MAPK1 expression and cell proliferation and decreasing apoptosis and the radiosensitivity. Conclusions: LINC00958 promoted MAPK1 expression and cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis and the radiosensitivity through targeting miR-422a, highlighting a potential biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guijun He ◽  
Wenfeng Yao ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Guojian Feng ◽  
...  

Abstract Background LOXL1-AS1 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that plays crucial roles in various cancers. However, the functional role of LOXL1-AS1 in laryngocarcinoma remains unclear. Thus we planned to probe into the function and underlying mechanism of LOXL1-AS1 in laryngocarcinoma. Methods Gene expression was evaluated in laryngocarcinoma cells using RT-qPCR. The ability of cell proliferation and migration was assessed by CCK8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays. The interaction among LOXL1-AS1, miR-589-5p and TRAF6 was detected by Ago2-RIP, RNA pull down and luciferase reporter assays. Results LOXL1-AS1 was overexpressed in laryngocarcinoma cells. Silencing of LOXL1-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, migration and EMT in laryngocarcinoma. Moreover, miR-589-5p, the downstream of LOXL1-AS1, directly targeted TRAF6 in laryngocarcinoma. Importantly, LOXL1-AS1 augmented TRAF6 expression in laryngocarcinoma cells by sequestering miR-589-5p. Besides, miR-589-5p worked as a tumor-inhibitor while TRAF6 functioned as a tumor-facilitator in laryngocarcinoma. Of note, rescue experiments both in vitro and in vivo validated that LOXL1-AS1 aggravated the malignancy in laryngocarcinoma by targeting miR-589-5p/TRAF6 pathway. Conclusions LOXL1-AS1 promotes the proliferation and migration of laryngocarcinoma cells through absorbing miR-589-5p to upregulate TRAF6 expression.


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