scholarly journals Physical Exercise-Induced Myokines and Muscle-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk: A Review of Current Knowledge and the Implications for Health and Metabolic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana G. Leal ◽  
Magno A. Lopes ◽  
Miguel L. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals Novel insights into adipose tissue heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongtong Wang ◽  
Anand Kumar Sharma ◽  
Christian Wolfrum
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Cell Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell

AbstractWhen normalized to volume, adipose tissue is comprised mainly of large lipid metabolizing and storing cells called adipocytes. Strikingly, the numerical representation of non-adipocytes, composed of a wide variety of cell types found in the so-called stromal vascular fraction (SVF), outnumber adipocytes by far. Besides its function in energy storage, adipose tissue has emerged as a versatile organ that regulates systemic metabolism and has therefore constituted an attractive target for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Recent high-resolution single cells/nucleus RNA seq data exemplify an intriguingly profound diversity of both adipocytes and SVF cells in all adipose depots, and the current data, while limited, demonstrate the significance of the intra-tissue cell composition in shaping the overall functionality of this tissue. Due to the complexity of adipose tissue, our understanding of the biological relevance of this heterogeneity and plasticity is fractional. Therefore, establishing atlases of adipose tissue cell heterogeneity is the first step towards generating an understanding of these functionalities. In this review, we will describe the current knowledge on adipose tissue cell composition and the heterogeneity of single-cell RNA sequencing, including the technical limitations.

scholarly journals 0259 : Physical exercise induced adipose tissue angio-adaptation in a context of “diabesity”

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Thomas Loustau ◽  
Bernard Jover ◽  
Emilie Roudier ◽  
Tara Haas ◽  
Pascal Laurant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Recent Advances in Molecular Hydrogen Research Reducing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatas E. Nogueira ◽  
Luiz G. S. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Molecule ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Reporting Data

: Physical exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation may be beneficial when exercise is a regular activity, but it is rather harmful when exercise is exhaustive and performed by unaccustomed organisms. Molecular hydrogen (H2 ) has recently appeared as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule in numerous pathological conditions. However, its role is relatively unknown under physiological conditions such as physical exercise. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the H2 reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in physical exercise, reporting data from both animal and human studies.

scholarly journals Influence of Acute and Chronic Exercise on Abdominal Fat Lipolysis: An Update

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Laurens ◽  
Isabelle de Glisezinski ◽  
Dominique Larrouy ◽  
Isabelle Harant ◽  
Cedric Moro
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise is a powerful and effective preventive measure against chronic diseases by increasing energy expenditure and substrate mobilization. Long-duration acute exercise favors lipid mobilization from adipose tissue, i.e., lipolysis, as well as lipid oxidation by skeletal muscles, while chronic endurance exercise improves body composition, facilitates diet-induced weight loss and long-term weight maintenance. Several hormones and factors have been shown to stimulate lipolysis in vitro in isolated adipocytes. Our current knowledge supports the view that catecholamines, atrial natriuretic peptide and insulin are the main physiological stimuli of exercise-induced lipolysis in humans. Emerging evidences indicate that contracting skeletal muscle can release substances capable of remote signaling to organs during exercise. This fascinating crosstalk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during exercise is currently challenging our classical view of the physiological control of lipolysis, and provides a conceptual framework to better understand the pleotropic benefits of exercise at the whole-body level.

scholarly journals Physical Exercise as Kynurenine Pathway Modulator in Chronic Diseases: Implications for Immune and Energy Homeostasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117864692093868
Author(s):  
Niklas Joisten ◽  
David Walzik ◽  
Alan J Metcalfe ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
Philipp Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Induced

Emerging evidence highlights the substantial role of the kynurenine pathway in various physiological systems and pathological conditions. Physical exercise has been shown to impact the kynurenine pathway in response to both single (acute) and multiple (chronic) exercise training stimuli. In this perspective article, we briefly outline the current knowledge concerning exercise-induced modulations of the kynurenine pathway and discuss underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we expose the potential involvement of exercise-induced kynurenine pathway modulations on energy homeostasis (eg, through de novo synthesis of NAD+) and finally suggest how these modulations may contribute to exercise-induced benefits in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.

Heat shock proteins in obesity: links to cardiovascular disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Habich ◽  
Henrike Sell
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Shock Proteins

AbstractAdipose tissue expansion is associated with adipocyte dysfunction and increased inflammatory processes. In the obese state, adipose tissue is characterized by an impaired intracellular stress defense system and dysbalanced heat shock response. Several members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family have been identified as novel adipokines released upon cellular stress, which might be a molecular link from adipose tissue inflammation to the cardiovascular system. Therefore, this review aims at summarizing and discussing our recent knowledge on HSPs in relation to obesity and their potential links to cardiovascular disease. Of particular importance/interest are two members of the HSP family, HSP60 and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which have been well described as adipokines, and studied in the context of obesity and cardiovascular disease. HSP60 is regarded as a novel molecular link between adipose tissue inflammation and obesity-associated insulin resistance. The role of HO-1 induction in the obese state is well-documented, but a causal relationship between increased HO-1 levels and obesity-associated metabolic diseases is still controversial. Both HSP60 and HO-1 are also forthcoming targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, and the current knowledge will also be discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Does C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2) Link Obesity to a Pro-Inflammatory State?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1500
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dommel ◽  
Matthias Blüher
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Chemokine Ligand ◽  
Chemokine Ligand 2

The mechanisms of how obesity contributes to the development of cardio-metabolic diseases are not entirely understood. Obesity is frequently associated with adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by, e.g., adipocyte hypertrophy, ectopic fat accumulation, immune cell infiltration, and the altered secretion of adipokines. Factors secreted from adipose tissue may induce and/or maintain a local and systemic low-grade activation of the innate immune system. Attraction of macrophages into adipose tissue and altered crosstalk between macrophages, adipocytes, and other cells of adipose tissue are symptoms of metabolic inflammation. Among several secreted factors attracting immune cells to adipose tissue, chemotactic C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) (also described as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) has been shown to play a crucial role in adipose tissue macrophage infiltration. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on CCL2 with a focus on its role in linking obesity to cardio-metabolic diseases.

Flavonoids in adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis: one arrow, two targets

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (12) ◽  
pp. 1403-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Muin Fardoun ◽  
Dina Maaliki ◽  
Nabil Halabi ◽  
Rabah Iratni ◽  
Alessandra Bitto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables, in addition to beverages such as tea and coffee. Flavonoids are emerging as potent therapeutic agents for cardiovascular as well as metabolic diseases. Several studies corroborated an inverse relationship between flavonoid consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) or adipose tissue inflammation (ATI). Flavonoids exert their anti-atherogenic effects by increasing nitric oxide (NO), reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, flavonoids alleviate ATI by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as by attenuating inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, flavonoids inhibit synthesis of fatty acids and promote their oxidation. In this review, we discuss the effect of the main classes of flavonoids, namely flavones, flavonols, flavanols, flavanones, anthocyanins, and isoflavones, on atherosclerosis and ATI. In addition, we dissect the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of action for these flavonoids. We conclude by supporting the potential benefit for flavonoids in the management or treatment of CVD; yet, we call for more robust clinical studies for safety and pharmacokinetic values.

scholarly journals The relevance of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in metabolic functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Kaczmarek ◽  
Tomáš Suchý ◽  
Simone Prömel ◽  
Torsten Schöneberg ◽  
Ines Liebscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate a variety of physiological functions and have been proven to be outstanding drug targets. However, approximately one-third of all non-olfactory GPCRs are still orphans in respect to their signal transduction and physiological functions. Receptors of the class of Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are among these orphan receptors. They are characterized by unique features in their structure and tissue-specific expression, which yields them interesting candidates for deorphanization and testing as potential therapeutic targets. Capable of G-protein coupling and non-G protein-mediated function, aGPCRs may extend our repertoire of influencing physiological function. Besides their described significance in the immune and central nervous systems, growing evidence indicates a high importance of these receptors in metabolic tissue. RNAseq analyses revealed high expression of several aGPCRs in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, liver, and intestine but also in neurons governing food intake. In this review, we focus on aGPCRs and their function in regulating metabolic pathways. Based on current knowledge, this receptor class represents high potential for future pharmacological approaches addressing obesity and other metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals DsbA-L deficiency in T cells promotes diet-induced thermogenesis through suppressing IFN-γ production

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Xinyi Peng ◽  
Jie Hu ◽  
Liwen Wang ◽  
Hairong Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis

AbstractAdipose tissue-resident T cells have been recognized as a critical regulator of thermogenesis and energy expenditure, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding greatly suppresses the expression of disulfide-bond A oxidoreductase-like protein (DsbA-L), a mitochondria-localized chaperone protein, in adipose-resident T cells, which correlates with reduced T cell mitochondrial function. T cell-specific knockout of DsbA-L enhances diet-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and protects mice from HFD-induced obesity, hepatosteatosis, and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, DsbA-L deficiency in T cells reduces IFN-γ production and activates protein kinase A by reducing phosphodiesterase-4D expression, leading to increased BAT thermogenesis. Taken together, our study uncovers a mechanism by which T cells communicate with brown adipocytes to regulate BAT thermogenesis and whole-body energy homeostasis. Our findings highlight a therapeutic potential of targeting T cells for the treatment of over nutrition-induced obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.

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