scholarly journals Synergy in Efficacy of Artemisia sieversiana Crude Extract and Metarhizium anisopliae on Resistant Oedaleus asiaticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Li ◽  
Chaomin Xu ◽  
Guilin Du ◽  
Guangjun Wang ◽  
Xiongbing Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Factor ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Different Doses

In order to explore the synergistic control effect of crude extracts of Artemisia sieversiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Oedaleus asiaticus, we used different doses of M. anisopliae and crude extracts of A. sieversiana singly and in combination, to determine their toxicities to fourth instar O. asiaticus. The results showed that the combination of 10% crude extract of A. sieversiana with 107 and 108 spores/g M. anisopliae concentrations and the combination of 20% crude extract of A. sieversiana with 107 and 108 spores/g M. anisopliae concentrations had significant effects on the mortality, body weight gain, body length gain, growth rate, and overall performance of O. asiaticus than those of the crude extract of A. sieversiana and M. anisopliae alone. Among them, the 20% A. sieversiana crude extract mixed with 108 spores/g M. anisopliae and 10% A. sieversiana crude extract combined with 107 spores/g M. anisopliae, had the best control efficacy. In order to clarify the biochemical mechanism underlying the immune responses of O. asiaticus to the pesticide treatments, we monitored the activities of four enzymes: superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). The results showed that the activities of three enzymes (SOD, CAT, and PPO) were significantly increased from the treatment with the combination of M. anisopliae mixed with crude extract of A. sieversiana. Interestingly, compared to the crude extract, the combination treatment did not significantly induce the expression of POD enzyme activity, which may be a biochemical factor for increasing the control effect of the combination treatment. Our results showed that the combination treatment had synergistic and antagonistic effects on host mortality, growth, development, and enzyme activities in O. asiaticus.

Metabolomics and Pharmacological Screening of Aspergillus versicolor Isolated from Hyrtios erectus Red Sea Sponge; Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1102
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽  
Nehad M.A. El Moneam ◽  
Samy A. El-Assar ◽  
Asmaa Nabil-Adam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Screening

Background: Aspergillus Versicolor is a marine-derived fungus isolated from Hyrtios Erectus Red Sea sponge. Methods: The aim of this study was to carry out a pharmacological screening and investigation for the in vitro biological activity (antioxidant, cholinergic, antidiabetic and anticancer) of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extract’s active compounds by using different qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: The present study results showed that Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts contain 0.6 mg total phenolic/mg crude extract. Aspergillus Versicolor also showed a potent antioxidative capacity by decreasing the oxidation of ABTS. The anticancer and inhibitory effects of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts on PTK and SHKI were found to be 75.29 % and 80.76%; respectively. The AChE inhibitory assay revealed that Aspergillus Versicolor extracts had an inhibitory percentage of 86.67%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity using COX1, COX2, TNF, and IL6 was 77.32, 85.21 %, 59.83%, and 56.15%; respectively. Additionally, the anti-viral effect using reverse transcriptase enzyme showed high antiviral activity with 92.10 %. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that the Aspergillus versicolor crude extract and its active constituents showed strong effects on diminishing the oxidative stress, neurodegenerative damage, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral, suggesting their beneficial role as a promising fermented product in the treatment of cancer, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral diseases.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098774
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Zou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
Yu Tang ◽  
Zhengrong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

scholarly journals Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Neda Javadi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽  
Nasser Hamdan ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

scholarly journals GC-MS analyses of young and mature Archidium Ohioense Schimp Ex. C. Mull and Philonotis hastate (Duby) Wijk & Margad extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
M.O. Isa ◽  
B.A. Akinpelu ◽  
A.M. Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Analyses of the constituents of the crude extracts obtained from young and mature moss species namely: Archidium ohioense and Philonotis hastata were conducted with a view to investigating the effects of maturity stages on their bioactive constituents. The mosses collected from their natural population were air dried at ambient temperature in the laboratory, extracted with methanol and the crude extracts subjected to gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results of the analyses showed the presence of 20 compounds in young A. ohioense with n-hexadecanoic acid [26.60%], bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [12.47%], bicyclo (3.1.1)heptane 2,6,6-trimethyl-[1r-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.)]- [11.59%] and phytol [9.69%] forming the prominent components while in the mature A. ohioense, 13 compounds were present, from which n-hexadecanoic acid [51.25%], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-ethyl ester [9.90%] and n-propyl 9-octadecenoate [7.47%] formed the prominent components. In P. hastata, 20 compounds were identified in the young stage sample with n-hexadecanoic acid [22.46%], bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [20.95%] and phytol [18.14%] as the prominent components while 9 compounds were identified in the mature sample with n-hexadecanoic acid[51.84%], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester [18.12%] and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [9.11%] which formed the prominent components. The study indicated that, maturity stages at collection of the mosses affected their bioactive compositions, with the young stage mosses showing more bioactive compounds than the mature ones. Keywords: A. ohioense, P. hastata, Mosses, Maturity stages, Crude extract, GC-MS.

scholarly journals Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-828
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition ◽  
Lipase Inhibition

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF CLEOME SPECIES EXTRACT ON ONION GUEST ROOT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
SUTTHIDUEAN CHUNHAKARN ◽  
PRAKAIDAO YINGSANGA ◽  
LADA MATHURASA
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Objective: Biological control is useful in agricultural. Allelopathy plays an important factor in crop productivity. The effect of allelopathy is able to produce and release allelochemicals or phytochemicals to inhibit or stimulate seed germination, seeding growth, shoot and root growth of other crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Cleome viscose and Cleome spinosa extracts on onion guest roots length.Methods: The whole plants of C. viscose and C. spinosa were extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water, respectively. Each group of onion guests was sprayed at various concentrations as 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 parts per million for the treatment. The root growth was measured every day for 1 month.Results: At concentration of 1600 ppm, methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed the highest percent inhibitory activity value of 91.68. Ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose showed strong inhibitory activity with percentage values of 90.17 and 90.90, respectively, at concentration of 1600 ppm. Moreover, the methanol extract of C. viscose and C. spinosa evaluated higher inhibitory activity than other solvent. However, distilled water crude extract of C. spinose showed weak inhibitory activity with the percentage value of 40.05 at concentration of 1600 ppm.Conclusions: In this study, the methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed potent inhibitory activity on root growth. Moreover, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose evaluated strong inhibitory activity. C. viscose and C. spinosa extracts possessed allelochemicals for postharvest biology and technology in plants.

Sites of action of testosterone and estradiol on longitudinal bone growth

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. E135-E140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Jansson ◽  
S. Eden ◽  
O. Isaksson
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Longitudinal Bone Growth ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Different Doses

In this study the mechanisms by which sex steroids influence body growth were investigated. The effect of different doses of testosterone propionate on longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain was studied in a) gonadectomized male rats, b) gonadohypophysectomized male rats, and c) gonadohypophysectomized male rats given replacement therapy with bovine growth hormone (bGH). The effect of different doses of estradiol benzoate on the same growth parameters was studied in female rats divided into the same experimental groups as the males. Accumulated longitudinal bone growth was determined using oxytetracycline as an intravital marker. Testosterone caused a dose-dependent increase in longitudinal bone growth in gonadectomized male rats. In contrast, testosterone exerted no significant increase in longitudinal bone growth in gonadohypophysectomized male rats with and without bGH replacement therapy. Treatment with estrogen inhibited longitudinal bone growth and body weight gain. The inhibitory effect of estradiol was approximately the same in gonadohypophysectomized female rats given bGH replacement therapy as in gonadectomized female rats. The results suggest that testosterone exerts its stimulatory effect on body growth mainly by modulating hypothalamopituitary functions, e.g., by altering the secretory pattern of GH. On the other hand, it seems that changes in the hypothalamopituitary functions are less significant for the inhibitory effect of estradiol on body growth. It is concluded from this study that the sites of action for estrogen and testosterone in modulating body growth in the rat are different.

scholarly journals Amisulpride - An Athypical Antipsychotic?

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-341
Author(s):  
Echim George ◽  
Sorina Cucuiet ◽  
Bianca Osz ◽  
Alexandra Grosan ◽  
Gal Zsolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractAim: the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of amisulpride at different doses on body weight, glucidic and lipidic metabolism.Material and method: Thirty-six white Wistar rats were treated daily for 9 weeks with amisulpride 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg body weight. Another group received distilled water and served as control group. At the end of the treatment period blood samples were collected and the follow biochemical parameters were determined: serum cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, GOT, GPT. Body weight gain was also assessed weekly.Results: After treatment with amisulpride in doses of 1mg/kg and 10 mg/kg for a period of nine weeks, weight gains were recorded for both groups compared with the initial weight and the control group. Blood glucose concentrations in the group treated with 1 mg amisulpride/kg body weight were significantly increased (p<0.05 vs control group), but in the group treated with 10 mg/kg body weight glucose levels were not statistically significant increased compared to controls. Other biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, GOT, GPT) showed no statistically significant differences compared to control group.Conclusions: amisulpride administered over a period of 9 weeks, in doses of 1mg/kg and 10mg/kg showed a slight increase of body weight regardless of gender, increased blood glucose only when was administered in the low dose, and does not affect lipid metabolism, even though decreased cholesterol and triglycerides levels. This results highlight a real benefit of treatment with amisulpride, comparatively with other athypical antipsychotics.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Piliostigma Thonningii for Control of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on Eggplant

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A. Mamman ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
A. M. Malgwi ◽  
G. T. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii were tested for their effectiveness in controlling Meloidogyne javanica eggs and juveniles in the laboratory and on eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. A thousand juveniles were placed in 12 petridishes and extracts of P.  thonningii (Crude extracts, 5 ml dilution and 10 ml dilution of the crude extracts) were dispensed into the petridishes. One thousand eggs of the M. javanica were placed in 12 petridishes and treated with the same extracts used on the juveniles. For the field experiment, 12 plots of size 2m x2m were prepared and planted with nine plants of eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. Seedlings of eggplants were transplanted after three weeks in the nursery to the field into holes drenched with 10 ml of the extracts used in the laboratory tests. Subsequent applications of extracts were done weekly for eight weeks. The results showed that the crude extract was the most effective against both the eggs (87.43 % hatch inhibition) and juveniles (90.23 % mortality). In the field, eggplants treated with the crude extract recorded the tallest plants ((124.78 cm -2017 and 125.00 cm-2018), highest number of fruits/plant (18.51-2017 and 19.55-2018), highest yield (50.45t/ha-2017 and 53.78t/ha-2018) and the lowest galling indices and final nematode population. It is therefore concluded that the crude extract of P.  thonningii can be employed for the control of M. javanica in the field.

scholarly journals Screening of achillea santolina for anti-diabetic activity and its comparison with caralluma tuberculata.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1414-1419
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleh Faisal ◽  
Asad Inayat ◽  
Muhammad Nabi ◽  
Waqar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Mean Blood Glucose

Objectives: The study was designed to investigate the hypoglycaemic effect of Achillea santolina and its comparison with Caralluma tuberculata. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Period: July 2017 to February 2018. Material & Methods: Crude extract and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) extract of Achillea santolina were prepared and administered to normal and alloxan treated diabetic rabbits. These extracts were given in capsule form as well as in cooking oil and their effects on blood glucose levels were observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of administration. The results were compared with Caralluma tuberculata. Results: The crude extract 200 mg/kg body weight of Achillea santolina showed marked reduction in mean blood glucose level at 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours with significant (p<0.001) difference when compared with Caralluma tuberculata. The metformin 500 mg/kg body weight was also given to compare its effects with the plant crude extracts, which was more or less intermediate between the crude extracts of Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata. The diabetic rabbits were treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea in capsule form. Blood glucose levels dropped markedly at 2 hours and further more at 4 hours as observed with Caralluma. Upon comparison with metformin, Achillea found to lower blood glucose levels but quite late than metformin. The diabetic rabbits were also treated with 100 mg/kg body weight CCl4 fraction of Achillea santolina in cooking oil and Caralluma was found to cause higher reduction in blood glucose levels than Achillea. Conclusion: Both Achillea santolina and Caralluma tuberculata lowered the blood glucose levels but the later turned out to be more significant in developing hypoglycaemia, particularly when taken with cooking oil.

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