scholarly journals Paternal Resistance Exercise Modulates Skeletal Muscle Remodeling Pathways in Fathers and Male Offspring Submitted to a High-Fat Diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Salomão ◽  
Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto ◽  
Gracielle Vieira Ramos ◽  
Ramires Alsamir Tibana ◽  
João Quaglioti Durigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis ◽  
Muscle Remodeling

Although some studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HFD) adversely affects muscle extracellular matrix remodeling, the mechanisms involved in muscle trophism, inflammation, and adipogenesis have not been fully investigated. Thus, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks of paternal resistance training (RT) on gene and protein expression/activity of critical factors involved in muscle inflammation and remodeling of fathers and offspring (offspring exposed to standard chow or HFD). Animals were randomly distributed to constitute sedentary fathers (SF; n = 7; did not perform RT) or trained fathers (TF n = 7; performed RT), with offspring from mating with sedentary females. After birth, 28 male pups were divided into four groups (n = 7 per group): offspring from sedentary father submitted either to control diet (SFO-C) or high-fat diet (SFO-HF) and offspring from trained father submitted to control diet (TFO-C) or high-fat diet (TFO-HF). Our results show that an HFD downregulated collagen mRNA levels and upregulated inflammatory and atrophy pathways and adipogenic transcription factor mRNA levels in offspring gastrocnemius muscle. In contrast, paternal RT increased MMP-2 activity and decreased IL-6 levels in offspring exposed to a control diet. Paternal RT upregulated P70s6k and Ppara mRNA levels and downregulated Atrogin1 mRNA levels, while decreasing NFκ-B, IL-1β, and IL-8 protein levels in offspring exposed to an HFD. Paternal physical training influences key skeletal muscle remodeling pathways and inflammatory profiles relevant for muscle homeostasis maintenance in offspring submitted to different diets.

scholarly journals Methionine restriction plus overload improves skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old mice on a high fat diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandini Swaminathan ◽  
Andrej Fokin ◽  
Tomas Venckūnas ◽  
Hans Degens
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Methionine Restriction ◽  
Old Mice

AbstractMethionine restriction (MR) has been shown to reduce the age-induced inflammation. We examined the effect of MR (0.17% methionine, 10% kCal fat) and MR + high fat diet (HFD) (0.17% methionine, 45% kCal fat) on body mass, food intake, glucose tolerance, resting energy expenditure, hind limb muscle mass, denervation-induced atrophy and overload-induced hypertrophy in young and old mice. In old mice, MR and MR + HFD induced a decrease in body mass. Muscle mass per body mass was lower in old compared to young mice. MR restored some of the HFD-induced reduction in muscle oxidative capacity. The denervation-induced atrophy of the m. gastrocnemius was larger in animals on MR than on a control diet, irrespective of age. Old mice on MR had larger hypertrophy of m. plantaris. Irrespective of age, MR and MR + HFD had better glucose tolerance compared to the other groups. Young and old mice on MR + HFD had a higher resting VO2 per body mass than HFD group. Mice on MR and MR + HFD had a resting respiratory quotient closer to 0.70, irrespective of age, indicating an increased utilization of lipids. In conclusion, MR in combination with resistance training may improve skeletal muscle and metabolic health in old age even in the face of obesity.

scholarly journals Selenoprotein W deficiency does not affect oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed obese mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. C1172-C1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Gyeong Shin ◽  
Hye-Na Cha ◽  
Soyoung Park ◽  
Yong-Woon Kim ◽  
Jong-Yeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Selenoprotein W ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat

Selenoprotein W (SelW) is a selenium-containing protein with a redox motif found abundantly in the skeletal muscle of rodents. Previous in vitro studies suggest that SelW plays an antioxidant role; however, relatively few in vivo studies have addressed the antioxidant role of SelW. Since oxidative stress is a causative factor for the development of insulin resistance in obese subjects, we hypothesized that if SelW plays a role as an antioxidant, SelW deficiency could aggravate the oxidative stress and insulin resistance caused by a high-fat diet. SelW deficiency did not affect insulin sensitivity and H2O2 levels in the skeletal muscle of control diet-fed mice. SelW levels in the skeletal muscle were decreased by high-fat diet feeding for 12 wk. High-fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance and increased the levels of H2O2 and oxidative stress makers, which were not affected by SelW deficiency. High-fat diet feeding increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes; however, SelW deficiency did not affect the expression levels of antioxidants. These results suggest that SelW does not play a protective role against oxidative stress and insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed obese mice.

Myostatin, activin receptor IIb, and follistatin-like-3 gene expression are altered in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. E918-E927 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Allen ◽  
Allison S. Cleary ◽  
Kristin J. Speaker ◽  
Sarah F. Lindsay ◽  
Jill Uyenishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Reporter Construct ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Activin Receptor Iib

Myostatin (MSTN) is a secreted growth inhibitor expressed in muscle and adipose. We sought to determine whether expression of MSTN, its receptor activin RIIb (ActRIIb), or its binding protein follistatin-like-3 (FSTL3) are altered in subcutaneous or visceral adipose or in skeletal muscle in response to obesity. MSTN and ActRIIb mRNA levels were low in subcutaneous (SQF) and visceral fat (VF) from wild-type mice but were 50- to 100-fold higher in both SQF and VF from ob/ob compared with wild-type mice. FSTL3 mRNA levels were increased in SQF but decreased in VF in ob/ob compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, MSTN mRNA levels were twofold greater in tibialis anterior (TA) from ob/ob mice, whereas ActRIIb and FSTL3 mRNA levels were unchanged. MSTN mRNA levels were also increased in TA and SQF from mice on a high-fat diet. Injection of ob/ob mice with recombinant leptin caused FSTL3 mRNA levels to decrease in both VF and SQF in ob/ob mice; MSTN and ActRIIb mRNA levels tended to decrease only in VF. Finally, MSTN mRNA levels and promoter activity were low in adipogenic 3T3-L1 cells, but an MSTN promoter-reporter construct was activated in 3T3-L1 cells by cotransfection with the adipogenic transcription factors SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, and PPARγ. These results demonstrate that expression of MSTN and its associated binding proteins can be modulated in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle by chronic obesity and suggest that alterations in their expression may contribute to the changes in growth and metabolism of lean and fat tissues occurring during obesity.

Different Responses to a High-Fat Diet in IL-6 Conditional Knockout Mice Driven by Constitutive GFAP-Cre and Synapsin 1-Cre Expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaya Fernández-Gayol ◽  
Paula Sanchis ◽  
Kevin Aguilar ◽  
Alicia Navarro-Sempere ◽  
Gemma Comes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cellular Source ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Synapsin 1

Background/Aims: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major cytokine controlling body weight and metabolism, at least in part through actions in the central nervous system (CNS) from local sources. Methods: We herewith report results obtained in conditional IL-6 KO mice for brain cells (Il6ΔGfap and Il6ΔSyn). Results: The reporter RiboTag mouse line demonstrated specific astrocytic expression of GFAP-dependent Cre in the hypothalamus but not in other brain areas, whereas that of synapsin 1-dependent Cre was specific for neurons. Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) or a control diet showed that Il6ΔGfap and Il6ΔSyn mice were more prone and resistant, respectively, to HFD-induced obesity. Energy intake was not altered in HFD experiments, but it was reduced in Il6ΔSyn male mice following a 24-h fast. HFD increased circulating insulin, leptin, and cholesterol levels, decreased triglycerides, and caused impaired responses to the insulin and glucose tolerance tests. In Il6ΔGfap mice, the only significant difference observed was an increase in insulin levels of females, whereas in Il6ΔSyn mice the effects of HFD were decreased. Hypothalamic Agrp expression was significantly decreased by HFD, further decreased in Il6ΔGfap, and increased in Il6ΔSyn female mice. Hypothalamic Il-6 mRNA levels were not decreased in Il6ΔSyn mice and even increased in Il6ΔGfapmale mice. Microarray analysis of hypothalamic RNA showed that female Il6ΔGfap mice had increased interferon-related pathways and affected processes in behavior, modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, learning, and memory. Conclusion: The present results demonstrate that brain production of IL-6 regulates body weight in the context of caloric excess and that the cellular source is critical.

scholarly journals A comparative study on the effects of high-fat diet and endurance training on the PGC-1α-FNDC5/irisin pathway in obese and nonobese male C57BL/6 mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kazeminasab ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Marandi ◽  
Kamran Ghaedi ◽  
Zahra Safaeinejad ◽  
Fahimeh Esfarjani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Protein Levels

The present study was performed to clarify how a combined exercise/diet treatment could affect the expression level of the muscle fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (Fndc5) with respect to body fat mass. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups including low-fat (LF) and high-fat (HF) diets for 12 weeks. Then, LF fed (nonobese) and HF fed mice (obese) were divided into the following 4 groups: HF-Exercise, HF-Sedentary, LF-Exercise, and LF-Sedentary. The exercise group exercised on a motor-driven treadmill for 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Mice were sacrificed 24 h after the final exercise session. Gastrocnemius muscle and the visceral adipose tissue were excised and frozen for the assessment of proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc-1α) and Fndc5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Data indicated that protein level of muscle PGC-1α was decreased in HF versus LF groups and in obese versus nonobese mice. Moreover, Fndc5 mRNA levels were increased in the muscle tissue of HF versus LF groups and in obese versus nonobese mice. Also, in the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, protein levels of FNDC5 were significantly higher in the HF fed mice, as compared with their low-fat fed counterparts, similar to what was observed for exercised versus sedentary mice. Overall, we found that the HF diet increased Fndc5 transcript levels in the skeletal muscle, but exercise had a minimal effect on the transcript level of Fndc5, whereas endurance training increased the protein content of FNDC5 in the skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Erchen Decoction Mitigates Lipid Metabolism Disorder by the Regulation of PPARγ and LPL Gene in a High-Fat Diet C57BL/6 Mice Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mengting Zhang ◽  
Yanfei Shao ◽  
Bizhen Gao ◽  
Jicheng Chen ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Erchen decoction (ECD) is a common treatment prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, which has remarkable efficacy in the treatment of obesity, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and other diseases caused by phlegm. In this study, we investigated the effect that ECD had on the lipid metabolism induced by high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. Body weight, body length, and abdominal circumference were detected. Blood lipid content was measured via biochemical assay kit. The gene and protein expression of PPARγ and LPL in visceral fat and skeletal muscle of mice was measured by real-time PCR and western blot. The research discovered that the phlegm-resolving effect that ECD had on high-fat diet mice was mainly manifested as reduced body weight, Lee’s index, abdominal circumference, and level of TG and TC. Meanwhile, we observed significantly increased PPARγ mRNA and protein level in visceral fat and PPARγ and LPL protein level in skeletal muscle in the ECD group. Contrarily, a decrease in PPARγ mRNA level in skeletal muscle in the ECD group was observed. Therefore, we speculate that ECD regulates the lipid metabolic disorder by decreasing the blood lipid level. Moreover, the potential molecular mechanism of ECD is to promote the expression of PPARγ in visceral fat and skeletal muscle and the expression of LPL in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Exercise Training Attenuates Obesity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Remodeling and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in the Skeletal Muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Won Heo ◽  
Su-Zi Yoo ◽  
Mi-Hyun No ◽  
Dong-Ho Park ◽  
Ju-Hee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Remodeling ◽  
Protective Intervention

Obesity is characterized by the induction of skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Exercise has been reported as a positive regulator of skeletal muscle remodeling and apoptosis. However, the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle remodeling and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles have not been clearly elucidated. Four-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into four groups: control (CON), control plus exercise (CON + EX), high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus exercise groups (HFD + EX). After obesity was induced by 20 weeks of 60% HFD feeding, treadmill exercise was performed for 12 weeks. Exercise ameliorated the obesity-induced increase in extramyocyte space and a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle. In addition, it protected against increases in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles. These results suggest that exercise as a protective intervention plays an important role in regulating skeletal muscle structure and apoptosis in obese skeletal muscles.

scholarly journals Maternal high-fat diet alters lung development and function in the offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. L167-L174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Heyob ◽  
Saya Mieth ◽  
Sophia S. Sugar ◽  
Amanda E. Graf ◽  
Scott W. Lallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Vegf Receptor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Protein Levels

The effects of maternal obesity on lung development have been recognized, and speculation is that these diseases are not simply because of accelerated pulmonary decline with aging but with a failure to achieve optimal lung development during early life. These studies tested the hypothesis that maternal obesity alters signaling pathways during the course of lung development that may affect life-long pulmonary health. Adult female mice were fed 60% fat [high-fat diet (HFD)] or 10% fat [control diet (CD)] for 8 wk before mating and through weaning. Pup lung tissues were collected at postnatal days ( PN) 7, 21, and 90 (after receiving HFD or CD as adults). At PN7, body weights from HFD were greater than CD but lung weight-to-body weight ratios were lower. In lung tissues, NFκB-mediated inflammation was greater in HFD pups at PN21 and phospho-/total STAT3, phospho-/total VEGF receptor 2, and total AKT protein levels were lower with maternal HFD and protein tyrosine phosphatase B1 levels were increased. Decreased platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule levels were observed at PN21 and at PN90 in the pups exposed to maternal HFD. Morphometry indicated that the pups exposed to maternal or adult HFD had fewer alveoli, and the effect was additive. Decreases in pulmonary resistance, elastance, and compliance were observed because of adult HFD diet and decreases in airway resistance and increases in inspiratory capacity because of maternal HFD. In conclusion, maternal HFD disrupts signaling pathways in the early developing lung and may contribute to deficiencies in lung function and increased susceptibility in adults.

scholarly journals Melatonin counteracts changes in hypothalamic gene expression of signals regulating feeding behavior in high-fat fed rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Ríos-Lugo ◽  
Vanesa Jiménez-Ortega ◽  
Pilar Cano-Barquilla ◽  
Pilar Fernández Mateos ◽  
Eduardo J. Spinedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Medial Basal Hypothalamus ◽  
Group I

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that the administration of melatonin caused body weight and abdominal visceral fat reductions in rodent models of hyperadiposity. The objective of the present study performed in high-fat fed rats was to evaluate the activity of melatonin on gene expression of some medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) signals involved in feeding behavior regulation, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), leptin- and insulin-receptors (R) and insulin-R substrate (IRS)-1 and -2. Blood levels of leptin and adiponectin were also measured.Adult Wistar male rats were divided into four groups (n=16 per group): (i) control diet (3% fat); (ii) high-fat (35%) diet; (iii) high-fat diet+melatonin; (iv) control diet+melatonin. Rats had free access to high-fat or control chow and one of the following drinking solutions: (a) tap water; (b) 25 μg/mL of melatonin.After 10 weeks, the high-fat fed rats showed augmented MBH mRNA levels of NPY, leptin-R, PrRP, insulin-R, IRS-1 and IRS-2. The concomitant administration of melatonin counteracted this increase. Feeding of rats with a high-fat diet augmented expression of the MBH POMC gene through an effect insensitive to melatonin treatment. The augmented levels of circulating leptin and adiponectin seen in high-fat fed rats were counteracted by melatonin as was the augmented body weight: melatonin significantly attenuated a body weight increase in high-fat fed rats without affecting chow or water consumption. Melatonin augmented plasma leptin and adiponectin in control rats.The results indicate that an effect on gene expression of feeding behavior signals at the central nervous system (CNS) may complement a peripheral rise of the energy expenditure produced by melatonin to decrease body weight in high-fat fed rats.

scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term HFD Intake on the Peripheral and Central IGF System in Male and Female Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Santiago Guerra-Cantera ◽  
Laura M. Frago ◽  
María Jiménez-Hernaiz ◽  
Purificación Ros ◽  
Alejandra Freire-Regatillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Visceral Adipose

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is responsible for growth, but also affects metabolism and brain function throughout life. New IGF family members (i.e., pappalysins and stanniocalcins) control the availability/activity of IGFs and are implicated in growth. However, how diet and obesity modify this system has been poorly studied. We explored how intake of a high-fat diet (HFD) or commercial control diet (CCD) affects the IGF system in the circulation, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and hypothalamus. Male and female C57/BL6J mice received HFD (60% fat, 5.1 kcal/g), CCD (10% fat, 3.7 kcal/g) or chow (3.1 % fat, 3.4 kcal/g) for 8 weeks. After 7 weeks of HFD intake, males had decreased glucose tolerance (p < 0.01) and at sacrifice increased plasma insulin (p < 0.05) and leptin (p < 0.01). Circulating free IGF1 (p < 0.001), total IGF1 (p < 0.001), IGF2 (p < 0.05) and IGFBP3 (p < 0.01) were higher after HFD in both sexes, with CCD increasing IGFBP2 in males (p < 0.001). In VAT, HFD reduced mRNA levels of IGF2 (p < 0.05), PAPP-A (p < 0.001) and stanniocalcin (STC)-1 (p < 0.001) in males. HFD increased hypothalamic IGF1 (p < 0.01), IGF2 (p < 0.05) and IGFBP5 (p < 0.01) mRNA levels, with these changes more apparent in females. Our results show that diet-induced changes in the IGF system are tissue-, sex- and diet-dependent.

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