Nitrogen Fertilization Influences the Quantity, Composition, and Tissue Association of Foliar Phenolics in Strawberries

Unlike quantitative changes, the compositional changes of plant phenolics and changes in their tissue association as influenced by the nutrient supply are less well understood. We evaluated the quantity, composition, and tissue association of phenolics in leaves of two Fragaria ananassa cultivars in response to different levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization using global metabolomic approaches. Influence of N supply on phenolic content in both cultivars was similar, but the magnitude of this response was compound specific. Ellagitannins, the most abundant class of phenolic oligomers, were less responsive to the applied N treatments, whereas proanthocyanidins, the less abundant class of phenolic oligomers, exhibited higher fold change. Within mono-phenolics, the hydroxycinnamates were more abundant but showed lower fold change than the hydroxybenzoates. Among flavonoids, the hydroxylated flavonols showed higher abundances than the flavones, with a preferential accumulation of dihydroxylated flavonol at lower N levels. Furthermore, glycosylated flavonols were higher than the acylated forms. The extractable fraction of phenolics was more influenced by the N treatment than the fiber-bound fraction. The extensive compositional modification of phenolics and a greater response of non-bound fractions in response to N rates highlight the potential to use precise management of N supply as an effective strategy to enhance the bioactive compounds in crops.

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The effects of radiation and nitrogen on number of grains in wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600073317 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 124 (3) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 143

Author(s):

P. E. Abbate ◽

F. H. Andrade ◽

J. P. Culot

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Grain Number ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

N Supply ◽

Intercepted Radiation ◽

N Rates

SUMMARYThe possible interacting effects of shading and N supply on number of grains of Triticum aestivum L. (cv. Buck Ñandú) were investigated at Balcarce, Argentina, during the 1988/89 and 1989/90 growing seasons. Shading was imposed from c. 13 days before anthesis to 6 days after, and four rates of N fertilization were supplied within each shading treatment around the date of terminal spikelet formation. Water and other nutrients were not limiting.Total grain yield was strongly correlated with grain number/m2, regardless of shading or N supply. At the highest N rates, grain number and dry weight of spikes at anthesis were linearly related to a photothermal quotient, i.e. the ratio of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) to mean temperature minus 4·5 °C, during the period from 20 days before anthesis to 10 days after. The response of grain number to the photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of the supply of assimilates to the spike at anthesis, which determined flower survival. The response of dry weight of spikes to photothermal quotient was interpreted in terms of crop growth rate since there was a linear relationship between crop growth rate and intercepted radiation. The lowest N rates reduced the number of grains/m2, at any given photothermal quotient. Since the reduction in grain number also occurred at any given dry weight of spikes, it cannot be explained by a reduced supply of assimilates to the spikes. Grain number responded directly to the supply of N to the spike, probably through the survival of differentiated flowers. The relationship between spike growth rate and crop growth rate was not affected by N supply. Crop growth rate was reduced by reduced N supply, because less radiation was intercepted and because radiation-use efficiency was lowered. These results indicate that current models for determining yield and number of grains/m2, based on crop growth, are not adequate when N is deficient.

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Corn agronomic traits and recovery of nitrogen from fertilizer during crop season and off-season

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018001000009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1158-1166

Author(s):

Luis Felipe Garcia Fuentes ◽

Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza ◽

Ademar Pereira Serra ◽

Jerusa Rech ◽

Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Dynamics ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Recovery ◽

Soil N ◽

N Supply ◽

N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate corn agronomic traits in a cultivation subjected to different N rates, during the fall-winter (off-season) and spring-summer crop seasons, and N recovery from fertilizer. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replicates, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, with the following treatments: five N topdressing rates - 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 -, using urea as source; and two crop seasons, fall-winter and spring-summer. The following variables were determined: plant height, height of the first ear insertion, number of grains per ear, diameter and length of ear, 1,000-grain weight, N concentration in the leaves and grains, grain-protein concentration, grain yield, N recovery from fertilizer, and soil-N supply. Nitrogen rates in the fertilizer in the fall-winter season had no effect on grain yield, although corn agronomic traits showed a greater reliance on fertilizer-N rates in that season than in the spring-summer, which is a season associated to a greater capacity of soil-N supply to plants. The quantification of soil-N supply enabled knowing the nutrient dynamics during the fall-winter and the spring-summer seasons, which may be useful to guide N fertilization of corn.

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PLANT DENSITY AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON COMMON BEAN NUTRITION AND YIELD

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n315rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 670-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ROGÉRIO PERES SORATTO ◽

TIAGO ARANDA CATUCHI ◽

EMERSON DE FREITAS CORDOVA DE SOUZA ◽

JADER LUIS NANTES GARCIA

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Concentration ◽

Plant Densities ◽

N Rates ◽

Lower Plant

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

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Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832012000200017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 475-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

José Almeida Pereira ◽

Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽

José Aridiano Lima de Deus

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

N Application ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

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Optimizing N Fertilization to Improve Yield, Technological and Nutritional Quality of Tomato Grown in High Fertility Soil Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9050575 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 575 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Domenico Ronga ◽

Alfonso Pentangelo ◽

Mario Parisi

Keyword(s):

N Fertilization ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

High Fertility ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Tomato Crop ◽

Processing Tomato ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

N Rates

Processing tomato is the second most important worldwide cash crop, generally produced in high-input systems. However, fruit yield and quality are affected by agronomic management, particularly nitrogen (N) fertilization, whose application to indeterminate growth genotypes for canning has yet to be investigated in depth. Hence, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different N rates (0, 50, 125, 200, 275, and 350 kg ha−1) on fruit yield and quality characteristics of processing tomato ‘San Marzano’ landrace. The results of our study showed that 125 and 200 kg of N ha−1 are the most appropriate rates in soil with high fertility, ensuring the highest values of marketable yield and brix yield. However, plants fertilized with 125 kg of N ha−1 attained higher values of N efficiency and fruit K and P concentrations than plants fertilized with 200 kg of N ha−1. Our results suggest that overdoses of N supplies negatively affected fruit yield and quality of San Marzano landrace grown in high soil fertility conditions, also reducing the agricultural sustainability. Hence, specific agronomic protocol and extension services are required to optimally manage tomato crop systems.

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Anthocyanin profile, antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of a strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) genetic resource collection

Food Bioscience ◽

10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100620 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 100620 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tsaneta Dzhanfezova ◽

Gregorio Barba-Espín ◽

Renate Müller ◽

Bjarne Joernsgaard ◽

Josefine Nymark Hegelund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fragaria Ananassa ◽

Anthocyanin Profile ◽

Resource Collection

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Crop rotation versus monoculture; yield, N yield and ear fraction of silage maize at different levels of mineral N fertilization

NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.1016/s1573-5214(01)80026-9 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 405-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

F. Nevens ◽

D. Reheul

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Mineral N ◽

Silage Maize ◽

N Yield ◽

Different Levels

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How does nitrogen shape plant architecture?

Journal of Experimental Botany ◽

10.1093/jxb/eraa187 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (15) ◽

pp. 4415-4427 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Le Luo ◽

Yali Zhang ◽

Guohua Xu

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Reproductive Organs ◽

N Fertilization ◽

High Yield ◽

Shoot Branching ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

N Supply

Abstract Plant nitrogen (N), acquired mainly in the form of nitrate and ammonium from soil, dominates growth and development, and high-yield crop production relies heavily on N fertilization. The mechanisms of root adaptation to altered supply of N forms and concentrations have been well characterized and reviewed, while reports concerning the effects of N on the architecture of vegetative and reproductive organs are limited and are widely dispersed in the literature. In this review, we summarize the nitrate and amino acid regulation of shoot branching, flowering, and panicle development, as well as the N regulation of cell division and expansion in shaping plant architecture, mainly in cereal crops. The basic regulatory steps involving the control of plant architecture by the N supply are auxin-, cytokinin-, and strigolactone-controlled cell division in shoot apical meristem and gibberellin-controlled inverse regulation of shoot height and tillering. In addition, transport of amino acids has been shown to be involved in the control of shoot branching. The N supply may alter the timing and duration of the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive growth phase, which in turn may affect cereal crop architecture, particularly the structure of panicles for grain yield. Thus, proper manipulation of N-regulated architecture can increase crop yield and N use efficiency.

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