scholarly journals Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Response to Heat Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Junheng Lv ◽  
Zhoubin Liu ◽  
Yuhua Liu ◽  
Jingshuang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Metabolome Data ◽  
Accumulation Ability

Heat stress (HS), caused by extremely high temperatures, is one of the most severe forms of abiotic stress in pepper. In the present study, we studied the transcriptome and metabolome of a heat-tolerant cultivar (17CL30) and a heat-sensitive cultivar (05S180) under HS. Briefly, we identified 5754 and 5756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Moreover, we also identified 94 and 108 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in 17CL30 and 05S180, respectively. Interestingly, there were many common HS-responsive genes (approximately 30%) in both pepper cultivars, despite the expression patterns of these HS-responsive genes being different in both cultivars. Notably, the expression changes of the most common HS-responsive genes were typically much more significant in 17CL30, which might explain why 17CL30 was more heat tolerant. Similar results were also obtained from metabolome data, especially amino acids, organic acids, flavonoids, and sugars. The changes in numerous genes and metabolites emphasized the complex response mechanisms involved in HS in pepper. Collectively, our study suggested that the glutathione metabolic pathway played a critical role in pepper response to HS and the higher accumulation ability of related genes and metabolites might be one of the primary reasons contributing to the heat resistance.

scholarly journals Physiological and Gene Expression Changes of Clematis crassifolia and Clematis cadmia in Response to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingdi Hu ◽  
Renjuan Qian ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Xule Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Soluble Protein Content ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Temperature Adaptability

Clematis is a superior perennial ornamental vine known for varied colors and shapes of its flowers. Clematis crassifolia is sensitive to high temperature, whereas Clematis cadmia has a certain temperature adaptability. Here we analyzed the potential regulatory mechanisms of C. crassifolia and C. cadmia in response to heat stress by studying the photosynthesis, antioxidant parameters, amino acids, and gene expression patterns under three temperature treatments. Heat stress caused the fading of leaves; decreased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity; increased 13 kinds of amino acids content; and up-regulated the expression of seven genes, including C194329_G3, C194434_G1, and C188817_g1, etc., in C. crassifolia plants. Under the treatments of heat stress, the leaf tips of C. cadmia were wilted, and the net photosynthetic rate and soluble protein content decreased, with the increase of 12 amino acids content and the expression of c194329_g3, c194434_g1, and c195983_g1. Our results showed that C. crassifolia and C. cadmia had different physiological and molecular response mechanisms to heat stress during the ecological adaptation.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Novel Rice Dynamic Narrow-Rolled Leaf Mutant with Deficiencies in Aromatic Amino Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Huimei Wang ◽  
Yongfeng Shi ◽  
Xiaobo Zhang ◽  
Xia Xu ◽  
Jian-Li Wu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Single Amino Acid Change ◽  
Rolled Leaf

The leaf blade is the main photosynthetic organ and its morphology is related to light energy capture and conversion efficiency. We isolated a novel rice Dynamic Narrow-Rolled Leaf 1 (dnrl1) mutant showing reduced width of leaf blades, rolled leaves and lower chlorophyll content. The narrow-rolled leaf phenotype resulted from the reduced number of small longitudinal veins per leaf, smaller size and irregular arrangement of bulliform cells compared with the wild-type. DNRL1 was mapped to chromosome 7 and encoded a putative 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (DAHPS) which catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and D-erythrose 4-phosphate to DAHP and phosphate. Sequence analysis revealed that a single base substitution (T–A) was detected in dnrl1, leading to a single amino acid change (L376H) in the coding protein. The mutation led to a lower expression level of DNRL1 as well as the lower activity of DAHPS in the mutant compared with the wild type. Genetic complementation and over-expression of DNRL1 could rescue the narrow-rolled phenotype. DNRL1 was constitutively expressed in all tested organs and exhibited different expression patterns from other narrow-rolled leaf genes. DNRL1-GFP located to chloroplasts. The lower level of chlorophyll in dnrl1 was associated with the downregulation of the genes responsible for chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis. Furthermore, dnrl1 showed significantly reduced levels of aromatic amino acids including Trp, Phe and Tyr. We conclude that OsDAHPS, encoded by DNRL1, plays a critical role in leaf morphogenesis by mediating the biosynthesis of amino acids in rice.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes for Heat Tolerance at the Flowering Stage in Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Maoyan Tang ◽  
Xiaoli Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High-temperature stress can cause serious abiotic damage that limits the yield and quality of rice. Heat tolerance (HT) during the flowering stage of rice is a key trait that can guarantee a high and stable yield under heat stress. HT is a complex trait that is regulated by multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs); however, few underlying genes have been fine mapped and cloned. In this study, the F2:3 population derived from a cross between Huanghuazhan (HHZ), a heat-tolerant cultivar, and 9311, a heat-sensitive variety, was used to map HT QTLs during the flowering stage in rice. A new major QTL, qHTT8, controlling HT was identified on chromosome 8 using the bulked-segregant analysis (BSA)-seq method. The QTL qHTT8 was mapped into the 3,555,000–4,520,000 bp, which had a size of 0.965 Mb. The candidate region of qHTT8 on chromosome 8 contained 65 predicted genes, and 10 putative predicted genes were found to be associated with abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the differential expression of these 10 genes between HHZ and 9311 under high temperature conditions. LOC_Os08g07010 and LOC_Os08g07440 were highly induced in HHZ compared with 9311 under heat stress. Orthologous genes of LOC_Os08g07010 and LOC_Os08g07440 in plants played a role in abiotic stress, suggesting that they may be the candidate genes of qHTT8. Generally, the results of this study will prove useful for future efforts to clone qHTT8 and breed heat-tolerant varieties of rice using marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Lysine, Lysine-Rich, Serine, and Serine-Rich Proteins: Link Between Metabolism, Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance and the Role of ncRNAs in Their Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Kavi Kishor ◽  
Renuka Suravajhala ◽  
Guddimalli Rajasheker ◽  
Nagaraju Marka ◽  
Kondle Kavya Shridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Sr Proteins ◽  
Plant Metabolism

Lysine (Lys) is indispensable nutritionally, and its levels in plants are modulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control during plant ontogeny. Animal glutamate receptor homologs have been detected in plants, which may participate in several plant processes through the Lys catabolic products. Interestingly, a connection between Lys and serotonin metabolism has been established recently in rice. 2-Aminoadipate, a catabolic product of Lys appears to play a critical role between serotonin accumulation and the color of rice endosperm/grain. It has also been shown that expression of some lysine-methylated proteins and genes encoding lysine-methyltransferases (KMTs) are regulated by cadmium even as it is known that Lys biosynthesis and its degradation are modulated by novel mechanisms. Three complex pathways co-exist in plants for serine (Ser) biosynthesis, and the relative preponderance of each pathway in relation to plant development or abiotic stress tolerance are being unfolded slowly. But the phosphorylated pathway of L-Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) appears to play critical roles and is essential in plant metabolism and development. Ser, which participates indirectly in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and plays a pivotal role in plant metabolism and signaling. Also, L-Ser has been implicated in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. A large body of information implicates Lys-rich and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins in a very wide array of abiotic stresses. Interestingly, a link exists between Lys-rich K-segment and stress tolerance levels. It is of interest to note that abiotic stresses largely influence the expression patterns of SR proteins and also the alternative splicing (AS) patterns. We have checked if any lncRNAs form a cohort of differentially expressed genes from the publicly available PPSB, sequence read archives of NCBI GenBank. Finally, we discuss the link between Lys and Ser synthesis, catabolism, Lys-proteins, and SR proteins during plant development and their myriad roles in response to abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Variation in Coral Thermotolerance Across a Pollution Gradient Erodes as Coral Symbionts Shift to More Heat-Tolerant Genera

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Naugle ◽  
Thomas A. Oliver ◽  
Daniel J. Barshis ◽  
Ruth D. Gates ◽  
Cheryl A. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Phenotypic plasticity is one mechanism whereby species may cope with stressful environmental changes associated with climate change. Reef building corals present a good model for studying phenotypic plasticity because they have experienced rapid climate-driven declines in recent decades (within a single generation of many corals), often with differential survival among individuals during heat stress. Underlying differences in thermotolerance may be driven by differences in baseline levels of environmental stress, including pollution stress. To examine this possibility, acute heat stress experiments were conducted on Acropora hyacinthus from 10 sites around Tutuila, American Samoa with differing nutrient pollution impact. A threshold-based heat stress assay was conducted in 2014 and a ramp-hold based assay was conducted in 2019. Bleaching responses were measured by assessing color paling. Endosymbiont community composition was assessed at each site using quantitative PCR. RNA sequencing was used to compare differences in coral gene expression patterns prior to and during heat stress in 2019. In 2014, thermotolerance varied among sites, with polluted sites holding more thermotolerant corals. These differences in thermotolerance correlated with differences in symbiont communities, with higher proportions of heat-tolerant Durusdinium found in more polluted sites. By 2019, thermotolerance varied less among sites, with no clear trend by pollution level. This coincided with a shift toward Durusdinium across all sites, reducing symbiont community differences seen in 2014. While pollution and symbiont community no longer could explain variation in thermotolerance by 2019, gene expression patterns at baseline levels could be used to predict thermotolerance thresholds. These patterns suggest that the mechanisms underlying thermotolerance shifted between 2014 and 2019, though it is possible trends may have also been affected by methodological differences between heat stress assays. This study documents a shift in symbiont community over time and captures potential implications of that shift, including how it affects variation in thermotolerance among neighboring reefs. This work also highlights how gene expression patterns could help identify heat-tolerant corals in a future where most corals are dominated by Durusdinium and symbiont-driven thermotolerance has reached an upper limit.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Trehalose-6-phosphate Synthetase (TPS) Gene Family in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and Their Transcriptional Responses to Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Gaopeng Yuan ◽  
Junpu Liu ◽  
Guolin An ◽  
Weihua Li ◽  
Wenjing Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Transcriptional Responses

With the increase in watermelon cultivation area, there is an urgent need to explore enzymatic and genetic resources for the sustainable development of watermelon, especially under salt stress. Among the various compounds known, trehalose plays an important role in regulating abiotic stress tolerances in diverse organisms, including plants. Therefore, the present study comprehensively analyzed the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) gene family in watermelon. The study analyzed the functional classification, evolutionary characteristics, and expression patterns of the watermelon TPS genes family. Seven ClTPSs were identified and classified into two distinct classes according to gene structure and phylogeny. Evolutionary analysis suggested the role of purifying selection in the evolution of the TPS family members. Further, cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress were identified in the promoter region of the TPS genes. The tissue-specific expression analysis showed that ClTPS genes were widely expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, while ClTPS3 was significantly induced under salt stress. The overexpression of ClTPS3 in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly improved salt tolerance. Finally, the STRING functional protein association networks suggested that the transcription factor ClMYB and ClbHLH regulate ClTPS3. Thus, the study indicates the critical role of ClTPS3 in watermelon response to salt stress.

scholarly journals Reproductive tissues-specific meta-QTLs and candidate genes for development of heat-tolerant rice cultivars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qasim Raza ◽  
Awais Riaz ◽  
Khurram Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractRice holds the key to future food security. In rice-growing areas, temperature has already reached an optimum level for growth, hence, any further increase due to global climate change could significantly reduce rice yield. Several mapping studies have identified a plethora of reproductive tissue-specific and heat stress associated inconsistent quantitative trait loci (QTL), which could be exploited for improvement of heat tolerance. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis on previously reported QTLs and identified 35 most consistent meta-QTLs (MQTLs) across diverse genetic backgrounds and environments. Genetic and physical intervals of nearly 66% MQTLs were narrower than 5 cM and 2 Mb respectively, indicating hotspot genomic regions for heat tolerance. Comparative analyses of MQTLs underlying genes with microarray and RNA-seq based transcriptomic data sets revealed a core set of 45 heat-responsive genes, among which 24 were reproductive tissue-specific and have not been studied in detail before. Remarkably, all these genes corresponded to various stress associated functions, ranging from abiotic stress sensing to regulating plant stress responses, and included heat-shock genes (OsBiP2, OsMed37_1), transcription factors (OsNAS3, OsTEF1, OsWRKY10, OsWRKY21), transmembrane transporters (OsAAP7A, OsAMT2;1), sugar metabolizing (OsSUS4, α-Gal III) and abiotic stress (OsRCI2-7, SRWD1) genes. Functional data evidences from Arabidopsis heat-shock genes also suggest that OsBIP2 may be associated with thermotolerance of pollen tubes under heat stress conditions. Furthermore, promoters of identified genes were enriched with heat, dehydration, pollen and sugar responsive cis-acting regulatory elements, proposing a common regulatory mechanism might exist in rice for mitigsating reproductive stage heat stress. These findings strongly support our results and provide new candidate genes for fast-track development of heat-tolerant rice cultivars.Key MessageBy integrating genetics and genomics data, reproductive tissues-specific and heat stress responsive 35 meta-QTLs and 45 candidate genes were identified, which could be exploited through marker-assisted breeding for fast-track development of heat-tolerant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Genome-wide Identification of the Aspergillus oryzae GATA Transcription Factor Gene Family and expression Analysis under Temperature or Salt Stresses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmiao Jiang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Zhihong Hu ◽  
Chuannan Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory

Abstract Background GATA transcription factors (TFs) are transcriptional regulatory proteins that contain a characteristic type-IV zinc finger and recognize the conserved GATA motif in the promoter region. Previous studies demonstrate that GATA TFs are involved in the regulation of diverse growth processes and various environmental stimuli stresses. Although the analysis of GATA TFs involved in abiotic stress have been performed in model plants and some fungi, information regarding GATA TFs in A. oryzae is extremely poor. Results Therefore, we identified seven GATA TFs from A. oryzae 3.042 genome, and named AoAreA, AoAreB, AoLreA, AoLreB, AoNsdD, AoSreA in correspondence to fungal orthologs, including a novel AoSnf5 with 20-residue between the Cys-X2-Cys motifs which was found in Aspergillus for the first time. Six known A. oryzae GATA TFs were classified into six subgroups, while the novel AoSnf5 also clustered into NSDD subgroups together with AoNsdD in the NJ_tree of all Aspergillus GATA TFs. Conserved motifs demonstrated that GATA TFs with similar motif compositions clustered into one subgroup, which suggests they might have similar genetic functions and further confirms the accuracy of the phylogenetic relationship of Aspergillus GATA TFs. The expression patterns of seven A. oryzae GATA TFs exhibited diversity under temperature and salt stresses. The expression analyses of AoLreA and AoLreB demonstrates AoLreA mainly played role in salt stress and AoLreB did under temperature stress. AoSreA was shown to positively regulate the expression of AoCreA and might act as a negative regulator in temperature and high salt stress response. In addition, the AoNsdD, AoSnf5, AoAreB, and AoAreA strongly responsed to salt stresses, while AoAreB and AoAreA showed opposite expression trends at high temperature. Overall, the expression patterns of these A. oryzae GATA TFs under distinct environmental conditions provided useful information for the further analysis of GATA TFs in regulation of various abiotic stress in A. oryzae. Conclusion In conclusion, the comprehensive analysis data of A. oryzae GATA TFs will provide insights into the critical role of A. oryzae GATA TFs in resistance to temperature and salt stresses in A. oryzae.

scholarly journals Exploring Morpho-Physiological Variation for Heat Stress Tolerance in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Samikshya Bhattarai ◽  
Joshua Harvey ◽  
Desire Djidonou ◽  
Daniel Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Injury Index ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Texas tomato production is vulnerable to extreme heat in the spring-summer cropping period, which is exacerbated by the lack of superior genetic materials that can perform well in such environments. There is a dire need for selecting superior varieties that can adapt to warm environments and exhibit high yield stability under heat stress conditions. This research aimed at identifying heat-tolerant varieties under heat-stress conditions in controlled and open-field environments and was carried out in three stages. For the first experiment, 43 varieties were screened based on yield responses in natural open-field environment. From those, 18 varieties were chosen and exposed to control (greenhouse: 26/20 °C) and constant heat-stress (growth-chamber: 34/24 °C) conditions for three months. Measurements were done for chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content (SPAD), plant height, stem diameter and heat injury index (HII). The last experiment was conducted in an open field with a pool of varieties selected from the first and second experiments. Leaf gas exchange, leaf temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD value, electrolyte leakage, heat injury index and yield were assessed. From the combined studies, we concluded that heat-tolerant genotypes selected by using chlorophyll fluorescence and HII in controlled heat-stress conditions also exhibited heat-tolerance in open-field environments. Electrolyte leakage and HII best distinguished tomato varieties in open-field environments as plants with low electrolyte leakage and HII had higher total yield. 'Heat Master,' 'New Girl,' 'HM-1823,' 'Rally,' 'Valley Girl,' 'Celebrity,' and 'Tribeca' were identified as high heat-tolerant varieties. Through trait correlation analysis we provide a better understanding of which traits could be useful for screening and breeding other heat-tolerant tomato varieties.

Insights into the heat-responsive transcriptional network of tomato contrasting genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Sirine Werghi ◽  
Charfeddine Gharsallah ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Hatem Fakhfakh ◽  
Faten Gorsane
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Transcriptional Reprogramming ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Gene Transcripts ◽  
Resource Data

AbstractDuring recent decades, global warming has intensified, altering crop growth, development and survival. To overcome changes in their environment, plants undergo transcriptional reprogramming to activate stress response strategies/pathways. To evaluate the genetic bases of the response to heat stress, Conserved DNA-derived Polymorphism (CDDP) markers were applied across tomato genome of eight cultivars. Despite scattered genotypes, cluster analysis allowed two neighbouring panels to be discriminate. Tomato CDDP-genotypic and visual phenotypic assortment permitted the selection of two contrasting heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive cultivars. Further analysis explored differential expression in transcript levels of genes, encoding heat shock transcription factors (HSFs, HsfA1, HsfA2, HsfB1), members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family (HSP101, HSP17, HSP90) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes (APX1, APX2). Based on discriminating CDDP-markers, a protein functional network was built allowing prediction of candidate genes and their regulating miRNA. Expression patterns analysis revealed that miR156d and miR397 were heat-responsive showing a typical inverse relation with the abundance of their target gene transcripts. Heat stress is inducing a set of candidate genes, whose expression seems to be modulated through a complex regulatory network. Integrating genetic resource data is required for identifying valuable tomato genotypes that can be considered in marker-assisted breeding programmes to improve tomato heat tolerance.

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