scholarly journals Digital Phenotyping to Delineate Salinity Response in Safflower Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Thoday-Kennedy ◽  
Sameer Joshi ◽  
Hans D. Daetwyler ◽  
Matthew Hayden ◽  
David Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
Plant Phenomics

Salinity is a major contributing factor to the degradation of arable land, and reductions in crop growth and yield. To overcome these limitations, the breeding of crop varieties with improved salt tolerance is needed. This requires effective and high-throughput phenotyping to optimize germplasm enhancement. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), is an underappreciated but highly versatile oilseed crop, capable of growing in saline and arid environments. To develop an effective and rapid phenotyping protocol to differentiate salt responses in safflower genotypes, experiments were conducted in the automated imaging facility at Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham, focussing on digital phenotyping at early vegetative growth. The initial experiment, at 0, 125, 250, and 350 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), showed that 250 mM NaCl was optimum to differentiate salt sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Phenotyping of a diverse set of 200 safflower genotypes using the developed protocol defined four classes of salt tolerance or sensitivity, based on biomass and ion accumulation. Salt tolerance in safflower was dependent on the exclusion of Na+ from shoot tissue and the maintenance of K+ uptake. Salinity response identified in glasshouse experiments showed some consistency with the performance of representatively selected genotypes tested under sodic field conditions. Overall, our results suggest that digital phenotyping can be an effective high-throughput approach in identifying candidate genotypes for salt tolerance in safflower.

Competition and the response of three plant species to a salinity gradient

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2497-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Kenkel ◽  
A. L. McIlraith ◽  
C. A. Burchill ◽  
G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Peak Performance ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Puccinellia Nuttalliana

Three grasses (Poa pratensis, Hordeum jubatum, and Puccinellia nuttalliana) were grown in monoculture and three-species mixture at each of eight salinity levels in a controlled environment chamber. In monoculture, all species grew best when no salts were added to the nutrient medium. When salts were added the species showed differing degrees of salt tolerance. Percent decreases in total biomass with increasing salinity and shifts in aboveground to belowground biomass ratios suggested increased salt tolerance in the order P. pratensis < H. jubatum < P. nuttalliana. In mixture, all species showed a significant change in salinity response when compared with their responses in monoculture. Interspecific competition resulted in P. pratensis being suppressed at all but the lowest salinities. Hordeum jubatum showed the least suppression at intermediate salinities, while P. nuttalliana was least suppressed at the highest salinities. These results indicate that interspecific competition results in a shift in the peak performance of more salt-tolerant species toward the high end of the salinity gradient. The species distributions in our experimental mixtures reflected those observed in the field, suggesting that competition plays an important role in structuring inland saline plant communities. Key words: halophyte, glycophyte, community, Hordeum jubatum, Puccinellia nuttalliana, Poa pratensis.

Salt Tolerance of Safflower Varieties ( Carthamus Tinctorius L.) during Germination 1

1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Ghorashy ◽  
N. Sionit ◽  
M. Kheradnam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius

scholarly journals High-Throughput Screening for a Moderately Halophilic Phenol-Degrading Strain and Its Salt Tolerance Response

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 11834-11848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yan Lu ◽  
Xiao-Jue Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhong-Zi Huang ◽  
Kuang-Fei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Tolerance Response

scholarly journals Safflower genotypes affected by nitrogen fertilization in subtropical conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420-1426
Author(s):  
Paulo de Lima Bueno ◽  
Reginaldo Ferreira Santos ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Cristiano Fernando Lewandoski ◽  
Claudia Luiza Maziero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Genotype 4 ◽  
Growing Conditions

Nitrogen fertilization is one of the main management systems that affects safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) production. However, the response of safflower to nitrogen fertilization may vary depending on the genotype and growing conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization on yield components, oil content, and protein content of safflower genotypes in subtropical conditions. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 160 kg ha–1) on six safflower genotypes. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 6 factorial design, with six repetitions. The height of the plants, yield, and oil and protein contents were determined 170 and 160 days after emergence in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The oil content and protein content of safflower genotypes were affected by nitrogen fertilization, but this effect varied depending on the genotype. Genotype 4 dominated with a grain yield of 1088 kg ha–1 and an oil yield of 215 kg ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain yield, oil content, and protein content; thus, it is appropriate for the cultivation of safflower off-season in autumn-winter in subtropical conditions. Safflower genotype 4 could be a promising oilseed crop for southern Brazil when fertilized with 100 kg ha–1 of N.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ORGANIC AND BIOFERTILIZER APPLICATION ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN LINSEED (Linum usitatissimum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Maneesha Singh ◽  
Deeksha Chauhan ◽  
Babita Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Microbial Strains

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) belongs to family Linaceae, is the second most important rabi oilseed crop and stands next to rapeseed – mustard in area of cultivation and seed production in India. Flaxseed is grown as either oil crop or a fibre crop with fibre linen derived from the stem of fibre varieties and oil from the seed of linseed varieties. Several studies have been conducted on effect of fertilizers on growth and yield of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties which revealed their enhancing role on the quality and quantity of flax cultivars. In this regards, a present study was planned and conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-2021 in the Agricultural field of School of Agricultural Sciences, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India to investigate the effect of organic and biofertilizer and integrated treatment on the growth and yield of Linseed. The findings were reported on important growth and yield attributed parameters such as plant height, total fresh weight, total yield, 1000- seed weight (g), and number of seed / capsules. The maximum growth and yield was reported in T6 treatment where biofertilizer have been applied in consortium form followed by vermicompost. Thus, the findings revealed that all the microbial strains in consortia used as bio fertilizers showed enhanced tern of vegetative growth of plants, total herbage yield and total seed yield at various stages. This may be due to sustained release of nutrients to supply the required elements in microbial strains. The biofertilizers exhibited beneficial effects on plant growth and development either through producing growth hormones like IAA, kinetin and gibberellins, synthesizing atmospheric nitrogen and its increased availability to greater protein synthesis as well as increasing Phosphorus availability to plant communities. Thus, it was concluded that the enhanced expression of yield and its related attributes will have beneficial impact in production of nutraceutical products of commercial importance.

scholarly journals Identification of the QTL-allele System Underlying Two High-Throughput Physiological Traits in the Chinese Soybean Germplasm Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Fangdong Liu ◽  
Xiaoshuai Hao ◽  
Wubin Wang ◽  
Guangnan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Soybean Germplasm

The QTL-allele system underlying two spectral reflectance physiological traits, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and CHL (chlorophyll index), related to plant growth and yield was studied in the Chinese soybean germplasm population (CSGP), which consisted of 341 wild accessions (WA), farmer landraces (LR), and released cultivars (RC). Samples were evaluated in the Photosynthetic System II imaging platform at Nanjing Agricultural University. The NDVI and CHL data were obtained from hyperspectral reflectance images in a randomized incomplete block design experiment with two replicates. The NDVI and CHL ranged from 0.05–0.18 and 1.20–4.78, had averages of 0.11 and 3.57, and had heritabilities of 78.3% and 69.2%, respectively; the values of NDVI and CHL were both significantly higher in LR and RC than in WA. Using the RTM-GWAS (restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association study) method, 38 and 32 QTLs with 89 and 82 alleles and 2–4 and 2–6 alleles per locus were identified for NDVI and CHL, respectively, which explained 48.36% and 51.35% of the phenotypic variation for NDVI and CHL, respectively. The QTL-allele matrices were established and separated into WA, LR, and RC submatrices. From WA to LR + RC, 4 alleles and 2 new loci emerged, and 1 allele was excluded for NDVI, whereas 6 alleles emerged, and no alleles were excluded, in LR + RC for CHL. Recombination was the major motivation of evolutionary differences. For NDVI and CHL, 39 and 32 candidate genes were annotated and assigned to GO groups, respectively, indicating a complex gene network. The NDVI and CHL were upstream traits that were relatively conservative in their genetic changes compared with those of downstream agronomic traits. High-throughput phenotyping integrated with RTM-GWAS provides an efficient procedure for studying the population genetics of traits.

scholarly journals Salt-Tolerance in Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) Is Associated with Thicker Roots and Better Tissue K+/Na+ Distribution

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Junlin Zheng ◽  
Gilang B. F. Suhono ◽  
Yinghao Li ◽  
Maggie Ying Jiang ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Young Leaves

Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture worldwide. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is an in-demand oilseed crop containing 40–60% highly valued oil in its seeds. It is moderately sensitive to salinity. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess plant growth and ion tissue distribution in different castor bean genotypes under various salt stress conditions to explore their potential for cultivation on saline land. Experiment 1 evaluated the response of five castor bean genotypes to four salt treatments (0, 50, 100, or 150 mM NaCl) up to 91 days after sowing (DAS). Experiment 2 further evaluated two genotypes selected from Experiment 1 in 1 m deep PVC tubes exposed to 0, 100, or 200 mM NaCl treatment for 112 DAS (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that salt addition (particularly 150 mM NaCl) reduced plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights, photosynthetic traits, and leaf K+/Na+ ratio while increasing the leaf Na+ concentration of castor bean plants. Two genotypes, Zibo (Chinese variety) and Freo (Australian wild type), were more salt-tolerant than the other tested genotypes. In Experiment 2, salt-stressed Zibo flowered earlier than the control, while flowering time of Freo was not influenced by salt stress. The 200 mM NaCl treatment reduced the total root length and increased the average root diameter of both Zibo and Freo compared to the control. In addition, the 200 mM NaCl treatment significantly decreased total leaf area, chlorophyll content, and shoot and root dry weight of both castor bean genotypes by 50%, 10.6%, 53.1%, and 59.4%, respectively, relative to the control. In contrast, the 100 mM NaCl treatment did not significantly affect these traits, indicating that both genotypes tolerated salt stress up to 100 mM NaCl. In general, Freo had greater salt tolerance than Zibo, due to its higher average root diameter, lower Na+ concentration, and higher K+/Na+ ratio in young leaves under salt conditions. In conclusion, genotype Freo is recommended for cultivation in saline soils and could be used to breed high-yielding and salt-tolerant castor bean genotypes.

scholarly journals A high-throughput delayed fluorescence method reveals underlying differences in the control of circadian rhythms inTriticum aestivumandBrassica napus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Rees ◽  
Susan Duncan ◽  
Peter Gould ◽  
Rachel Wells ◽  
Mark Greenwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Delayed Fluorescence ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Competitive Growth ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Circadian Control ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractBackgroundA robust circadian clock has been implicated in plant resilience, resource-use efficiency, competitive growth and yield. A huge number of physiological processes are under circadian control in plants including: responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; flowering time; plant metabolism; and mineral uptake. Understanding how the clock functions in crops such asTriticum aestivum(bread wheat) andBrassica napus(oilseed rape) therefore has great agricultural potential. Delayed fluorescence (DF) imaging has been shown to be applicable to a wide range of plant species and requires no genetic transformation. Although DF has been used to measure period length of both mutants and wild ecotypes ofArabidopsis, this assay has never been systematically optimised for crop plants. The physical size of bothB. napusandT. aestivumled us to develop a representative sampling strategy which enables high-throughput imaging of these crops.ResultsIn this study, we describe the plant-specific optimisation of DF imaging to obtain reliable circadian phenotypes with the robustness and reproducibility to detect diverging periods between cultivars of the same species. We find that the age of plant material, light regime and temperature conditions all significantly effect DF rhythms and describe the optimal conditions for measuring robust rhythms in each species. We also show that sections of leaf can be used to obtain period estimates with improved throughput for larger sample size experiments.ConclusionsWe present an optimized protocol for high-throughput phenotyping of circadian period specific to two economically valuable crop plants. Application of this method revealed significant differences between the periods of several widely grown elite cultivars. This method also identified intriguing differential responses of circadian rhythms inT. aestivumcompared toB. napus; specifically the dramatic change to rhythm robustness when plants were imaged under constant light versus constant darkness. This points towards diverging networks underling circadian control in these two species.

scholarly journals Boosting Algal Bloom by Five-Fold with AIEgens: Towards the Development of Biofactory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Liu ◽  
Haotian Bai ◽  
Neng Yan ◽  
Tin-Yan Wong ◽  
Dongfeng Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Sustainability ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms

Human population is now faced with grand challenges such as global warming, food shortage and energy sustainability, which could be partially solved by massively increasing the growth and yield of photosynthetic organisms which capture the light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into usable chemical energy. Cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae are considered as attractive targets to be exploited by the algal factory because of their fast growth, low cost cultivation, less arable land and the diversity of high-value chemical substances produced. Many optical approaches have been introduced to increase the efficiency in artificial culturing systems, such as adding a luminescent layer that absorbs ultraviolet light and emits photosynthetic active radiation for cyanobacteria. In this work, we introduced luminogens with aggregation-induced emission characteristics (AIEgens) into the growth medium of a marine cyanobacteria. These hydrophobic AIEgens formed highly emissive luminogenic aggregates in the aqueous <a>medium and</a> dispersed around the cyanobacteria. Remarkedly, the number of cyanobacteria incubated in the medium with AIE aggregates was 5-fold more than the control group after 14-day culturing. The increased photosynthetic active radiation and the change of cyanobacteria protein expression in photosynthesis and metabolism might be the reason. Our study is the first using organic luminogenic aggregates as optical engineering inside the growth medium to dramatically increase the growth of cyanobacteria and demonstrated that AIEgens is promising technologies in the development of algal factories.

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