scholarly journals Titanium Application Increases Phosphorus Uptake Through Changes in Auxin Content and Root Architecture in Soybean (Glycine Max L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Hussain ◽  
Iram Shafiq ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
Anshu Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Auxin Content ◽  
Soybean Plants

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient needed for plant growth, development, and production. A deficiency of P causes a severe impact on plant development and productivity. Several P-based fertilizers are being used in agriculture but limited uptake of P by the plant is still a challenge to be solved. Titanium (Ti) application increases the nutrient uptake by affecting the root growth; however, the role of Ti in plant biology, specifically its application under low light and phosphorus stress, has never been reported. Therefore, a pot study was planned with foliar application of Ti (in a different concentration ranging from 0 to 1,000 mg L–1) under different light and P concentrations. The result indicated that under shade and low P conditions the foliar application of Ti in different concentrations significantly improves the plant growth parameters such as root length, root surface area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matters. The increase was observed to be more than 100% in shade and low P stressed soybean root parameter with 500 mg L–1 of Ti treatment. Ti was observed to improve the plant growth both in high P and low P exposed plants, but the improvement was more obvious in Low P exposed plants. Auxin concentration in stressed and healthy plant roots was observed to be slightly increased with Ti application. Ti application was also observed to decrease rhizosphere soil pH and boosted the antioxidant enzymatic activities with an enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency of soybean plants under shade and P stress. With 500 mg L–1 of Ti treatment, the photosynthetic rate was observed to improve by 45% under shade and P stressed soybean plants. Thus, this work for the first time indicates a good potential of Ti application in the low light and P deficient agricultural fields for the purpose to improve plant growth and development parameters.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Germination and Root Traits of ‘Lambada’ and ‘Don Victor’ Onion Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1764
Author(s):  
Maria A. Macias-Leon ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are easily outcompeted by weeds because of slow germination and relative growth rates. Therefore, high percentage of seed germination and root vigor are important traits to improve field performance. The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs), 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, Eth), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were evaluated on the germination and root growth of ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings. Seeds were soaked for 10 hours in hormonal solutions and water (hydro-priming). Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μm), Eth (100 μm) + IAA (10 μm), and IAA (3 μm) treatments. Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μm, Eth + IAA, and 3 μm IAA. Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD) were enhanced by 1 μm tZ and 100 μm ACC. Eth reduced RL and RD, whereas IAA showed no effects. A subsequent experiment evaluated synergistic effects of different PGRs. Treatment of seeds with ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) and ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) + Eth (20 μm) enhanced RL and RD. RSA was unaffected by ACC + tZ + Eth. The results suggest that exogenous PGRs could be useful to enhance germination, RL, and RSA of onion seedlings.

scholarly journals Pre-Harvest Foliar Application of Mineral Nutrients to Retard Chlorophyll Degradation and Preserve Bio-Active Compounds in Broccoli

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Mohamed M. El-Mogy ◽  
Mohamed Abdel M. Wahab ◽  
Mohamed B. I. El-Sawy ◽  
Aditya Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Total Phenolic

Foliar application of micronutrients has become a common farm management practice to increase the overall yield of various crops. However, the effects of foliar fertilization on shelf life and postharvest quality of the crops are rather under-researched. The aim of this field experiment was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of individual mineral nutrients (calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) on pre and postharvest quality of broccoli. The broccoli plants were subjected to single foliar sprays of either Ca, Fe, Zn, or Mn, which was repeated four times during plant growth at a 1 g/kg concentration. Once harvested, the broccoli heads were refrigerated at 4 °C for 28 days. Our results indicated that foliar application of Ca, Zn, Mn, and Fe did not have a significant effect on plant growth parameters, apart from enhancing Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter values. However, during postharvest, foliar application treatment showed a positive response on weight loss during storage and reduction in yellowing of the broccoli heads. Foliar treatments increased the concentration of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Ca, Zn, Mn and Fe significantly in the broccoli head tissue. Total chlorophyll content, total phenolic compound, ascorbic acid, peroxidase activity, glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin and flavonoids were significantly increased by all foliar treatments. Crude protein content and sulforaphane were enhanced by Ca and Mn treatments. Overall, foliar application of the investigated mineral nutrients may prove beneficial in improving the shelf-life and nutrient content of broccoli during postharvest handling and storage.

scholarly journals Dry Mass Increment, Foliar Nutrientes and Soybean Yield as Affected by Aminoacid Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽  
Evandro B. Fagan ◽  
Luís H. Soares ◽  
Klaus Reichardt ◽  
Leidyanne G. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Mass Increment ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
The One ◽  
Foliar Concentration

Due to the importance of soybeans worldwide, there is a constant search for products or management systems that aim to increase the productivity of this crop. In this sense, some products that have amino acids in their composition have been used, however, there is still a lack of studies that aim to show the isolated effect of amino acids on growth parameters. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of amino acids in the treatment of seeds and of the leaf in the soybean crop. Experiments were carried out in a greenhouse and in the field with the application of glutamate, phenylalanine, cysteine, glycine as a seed treatment (ST) and also as foliar application (FA) at the V4 growth stage. The dry mass accumulation of root, stem, leaves, total and yield of a soybean crop were evaluated. In addition, leaf element concentration in leaves was also evaluated. The use of phenylalanine in ST promoted the best results on stem mass, leaves, pods and total dry mass, with an increase of up to 152%, as compared to control. This same treatment led to higher productivity, with a 46% increase in relation to the control. In relation to foliar concentration of elements, the most effective application is the one that is carried out in both modes of application (ST and FA), mainly with glutamate and glycine. Therefore, the application of amino acids, especially in seed treatment promotes the greater accumulation of dry mass and productivity in soybean plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrient Solution Flow Rate on Hydroponic Plant Growth and Root Morphology

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bateer Baiyin ◽  
Kotaro Tagawa ◽  
Mina Yamada ◽  
Xinyan Wang ◽  
Satoshi Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Flow Rates

Crop production under hydroponic environments has many advantages, yet the effects of solution flow rate on plant growth remain unclear. We conducted a hydroponic cultivation study using different flow rates under light-emitting diode lighting to investigate plant growth, nutrient uptake, and root morphology under different flow rates. Swiss chard plants were grown hydroponically under four nutrient solution flow rates (2 L/min, 4 L/min, 6 L/min, and 8 L/min). After 21 days, harvested plants were analyzed for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root morphology, and root cellulose and hemicellulose content. We found that suitable flow rates, acting as a eustress, gave the roots appropriate mechanical stimulation to promote root growth, absorb more nutrients, and increase overall plant growth. Conversely, excess flow rates acted as a distress that caused the roots to become compact and inhibited root surface area and root growth. Excess flow rate thereby resulted in a lower root surface area that translated to reduced nutrient ion absorption and poorer plant growth compared with plans cultured under a suitable flow rate. Our results indicate that regulating flow rate can regulate plant thigmomorphogenesis and nutrient uptake, ultimately affecting hydroponic crop quality.

scholarly journals The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issukindarsyah Issukindarsyah ◽  
Endang Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Root Surface Area

Abstract. Issukindarsyah, Sulistyaningsih E, Indradewa D, Putra ETS. 2020. The growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum) under different light intensities related to indigenous hormones role. Biodiversitas 21: 1778-1785. Low light intensity causes the alteration of plant biochemical and morphological as the mechanism of adaptation. The experiment used split-plot design with three replications. The main plots were three light intensity levels, i.e. 100%, 75%, and 50% radiation; while subplots were three varieties namely Nyelungkup, Petaling 1 and Petaling 2. This research was conducted to figure out the effect of shadings on hormones and the growth of three varieties of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). The results showed that in initial vegetative growth, varieties of Nyelungkup and Petaling 1 had higher growth of both ortotroph and plagiotroph branches, leaf number, leaf area, length of root, root surface area, plant dry weight, nett assimilation rate, and plant growth rate than the variety of Petaling 2. The light intensity of 50% and 75% increased the auxin and gibberellin contents of the leaf but they did not affect the zeatin. The maximum gibberellin and auxin contents of leaf were recorded at 75% light intensity. The 50% and 75% light intensity raised the length, diameter, and internode of ortotroph branch; number, length, and internode of plagiotroph branch; leaf number; leaf area; leaf area ratio; length of root; root surface area; plant growth rate and plant dry weight related to indigenous hormones role.

scholarly journals Plant-Microbe Communication Enhances Auxin Biosynthesis by a Root-Associated Bacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Liu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Nan Zhang ◽  
Zunfeng Li ◽  
Guishan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Mechanisms by which beneficial rhizobacteria promote plant growth include tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis. The abundance of tryptophan in the rhizosphere, however, may influence the level of benefit provided by IAA-producing rhizobacteria. This study examined the cucumber-Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 system and found that SQR9, a bacterium previously shown to enhance the growth of cucumber, increased root secretion of tryptophan by three- to fourfold. Using a split-root system, SQR9 colonization of roots in one chamber not only increased tryptophan secretion from the noninoculated roots but also increased the expression of the cucumber tryptophan transport gene but not the anthranilate synthesis gene in those roots. The increased tryptophan in isolated rhizosphere exudates was sufficient to support increased IAA production by SQR9. Moreover, SQR9 colonization of roots in one chamber in the split-root system resulted in sufficient tryptophan production by the other roots to upregulate SQR9 IAA biosynthesis genes, including a 27-fold increase in the indole-3-acetonitrilase gene yhcX during subsequent colonization of those roots. Deletion of yhcX eliminated SQR9-mediated increases in root surface area, likely by reducing IAA-stimulated lateral root growth. This study demonstrates a chemical dialogue between B. amyloliquefaciens and cucumber in which this communication contributes to bacteria-mediated plant-growth enhancement.

scholarly journals Root Architecture, Growth and Photon Yield of Cucumber Seedlings as Influenced by Daily Light Integral at Different Stages in the Closed Transplant Production System

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Yifei Wang ◽  
Yangyang Chu ◽  
Ze Wan ◽  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Production System ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Photon Yield ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Use Efficiency

Optimizing light conditions for vegetable seedling production in a closed transplant production system is critical for plant growth and seedling production. Additionally, energy use efficiency should be considered by growers when managing the light environment. In the present study, cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Tianjiao No. 5) were grown under six different daily light integrals (DLIs) at 8.64, 11.52, 14.40, 17.28, 23.04, and 28.80 mol m−2 d−1 created by two levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 and 400 μmol m−2 s−1 combined with photoperiod of 12, 16 and 20 h d−1 provided by white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in a closed transplant production system for 21 days. Results indicated that quadratic functions were observed between fresh and dry weights of cucumber seedlings and DLI at 6, 11, 16, and 21 days after sowing. Generally, higher DLI resulted in longer root length, bigger root volume and root surface area accompanied with shorter plant height and hypocotyl length; however, no significant differences were observed in root length, root volume, and root surface area as DLI increased from 14.40 to 28.80 mol m−2 d−1. Photon yield based on fresh and dry weights decreased with increasing DLI. In conclusion, increased DLI resulted in compact and vigorous morphology but reduced photon yield of cucumber seedlings produced in a closed transplant production system. In terms of plant growth and energy use efficiency, DLI at 14.40–23.04 mol m−2 d−1 was suggested for cucumber seedling production in the closed production system. Additionally, different control strategies should be applied at different growth stages of cucumber seedlings.

scholarly journals Ethylene mitigates waterlogging stress by regulating glutathione biosynthesis-related transcripts in soybeans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonha Kim ◽  
Chang-Woo Seo ◽  
Abdul Latif Khan ◽  
Bong-Gyu Mun ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Glutathione Biosynthesis ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

AbstractWaterlogging stress is a restrictive factors in soybean productivity worldwide. Plants utilize various physio-chemical changes to mitigate waterlogging stress. In current study, the regulatory roles of seven kinds of plant growth regulators, including abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ethephon, ETP), gibberellins (GA4), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), kinetine (KT), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), were determined for soybeans under waterlogging conditions. Based on the results, the donor source of ethylene was selected and its role was further examined regarding physiochemical alteration and glutathione biosynthesis-related transcripts through application of exogenous ETP. ETP application mitigated waterlogging stress and significantly improved the efficiency of photosynthesis and increased bioactive GA4 contents compared to that of untreated plants. Element and amino acid contents among the treatments were significantly different. Total elements and amino acid contents were increased in 100 μM ETP-treated soybean plants. ETP application induced adventitious root initiation, improved root surface area, and significantly increased glutathione transferases expression and glutathione relative to that of non-ETP treated soybean plants. Finally, 100 μM-ETP application induced up-regulated protein content and glutathione s-transferase DHAR2 as compared to that of soybeans under waterlogging-conditions only. ETP could induce various biochemical and transcriptional modulations that strengthen plant growth and mitigate waterlogging stress.HighlightEthylene application to soybean plants after waterlogging up-regulates glutathione transferase genes. Higher glutathione activity, as well as increased glutathione s-transferase DHAR2 protein content was induced to scavenge reactive oxygen species.

Loblolly pine seedling growth after inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and ozone exposure

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1410-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B L Estes ◽  
S A Enebak ◽  
A H Chappelka
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote plant growth and induce biocontrol, but are affected by soil type, water stress, microbial competition, and environmental conditions. One unexplored factor is the interaction of rhizobacteria-inoculated plants exposed to ozone. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were inoculated with either Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn or Paenibacillus macerans (Schardinger) Ash. In field trials, 4-week-old seedlings were exposed for 12 weeks to carbon-filtered (CF ≈ 12 ppb), 1× (≈46 ppb), or 2× (≈97 ppb) ozone for 12 h·d–1 in open-top chambers (OTC) in 1998 and 1999. In three greenhouse trials, 5-week-old seedlings were exposed to ozone at 0× (≈8 ppb), 1× (≈105 ppb), 2× (≈199 ppb), and 3× (≈298 ppb) for 4 h·d–1, 5 d·week–1 for 8 weeks in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). In both the CSTRs and the OTCs, ozone-exposed seedlings exhibited 20%–50% less biomass and more foliar injury as compared with nonexposed seedlings. In CSTRs, at the 3× exposure, B. subtilis-inoculated seedlings had 12% less foliar injury than noninoculated seedlings. Foliar injury was 65% less for B. subtilis-treated seedlings in 1998, and root surface area, total root length, and root diameter was 25%–35% greater when seedlings were exposed to 2× ozone in the OTCs. This is the first report of rhizobacteria protecting seedlings against the negative effects of ozone exposure.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Sodium Molybdate Enhanced Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation in Soybean Plants by Improving Nodulation Process Under Salt Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farhangi-Abriz ◽  
R. Faegi-Analou ◽  
N. Nikpour-Rashidabad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Soil salinity with different harmful effects on plant growth and productivity is one of the main reasons in diminishing biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation in legume plants. Molybdate has a key role on nitrogen metabolism of plants and can be has a beneficial effect on it. Thus, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium molybdate spraying (0.2 and 0.4% solutions in water) on nodulation, nitrogen uptake and translocation in soybean plants under different levels of salt stress (0, 5 and 10 dS m−1 NaCl, respectively). Salinity reduced the nodulation, root and shoot growth and special flavonoids content in roots, which are have a key role in nodulation includes, daidzein, genistein, coumestrol and glycitein, also diminished nitrogenase, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in nodes, nitrogen content of nodes, roots and leaves, nitrogen uptake and translocation by soybean plants. Under salt stress and nonsaline condition, sodium molybdate treatments improved the nodulation by increasing flavonoids content of roots, also these treatments enhanced the plant growth and nitrogenase, GS, GDH, GOGAT and NR activities of nodes. Furthermore, nitrogen content of nodes, roots and leaves, nitrogen uptake and translocation by soybean plants improved by sodium molybdate applications. Both of the sodium molybdate doses, exposed the similar effects on improving nodulation and nitrogen metabolism of soybean.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document