scholarly journals The Use of Interactions Between Microorganisms in Strawberry Cultivation (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Drobek ◽  
Justyna Cybulska ◽  
Anna Gałązka ◽  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Anna Marzec-Grządziel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
The Impact

As the market indicates a growing interest in organically grown fruit, there is a need for biostimulants to counter the adverse effects of pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens. Four microbial pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) which are the most often causes of strawberry diseases were selected. Five kinds of biostimulants (C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5) containing bacterial consortia were developed to combat the pathogens. The antagonistic effect of selected microorganisms against strawberry pathogens was observed. The effectiveness of various beneficial bacteria in combating fungal pathogens of cv. Honeoye strawberries was compared and the impact of their activity on fruit quality was assessed. The most significant effect on the strawberry firmness was found for the C2 consortium, which provided the strawberries infected with the pathogens group (MIX: B. cinerea, Verticillium sp., Phytophthora sp., and Colletotrichum sp.) with a 140% increase in maximum load in a puncture test compared to the positive control (C0). Strawberries contaminated with Phytophthora sp. after the application of Consortium C4 (C4) showed the largest increase (127%) in soluble solid content (SSC) when compared to the C0. Fruit contaminated with Colletotrichum sp. and B. cinerea after the application of C2 and Consortium 5 (C5), respectively, had the highest levels of anthocyanins and total phenolic content, when compared to C0. The largest increase, which reached as high as 25%, in D-galacturonic acid content was observed for the group of pathogens after Consortium 1 (C1) application. The extraction of strawberry pectin allowed for the study of the rheological properties of pectin solutions; on this basis, strawberry pectin from the control (NC) was distinguished as it showed the highest viscosity (0.137–0.415 Pas). Taking into account the individual effects of bacteria on strawberry pathogenic fungi and fungal-like-pathogens, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of fungal disease and to improve the properties of strawberries by selecting the appropriate bacterial consortium. Interactions between microorganisms are often complex and not fully understood, which suggests the need for further research in this direction.

Role of Phospholipase D Inhibitor in Regulating Expression of Senescencerelated Phospholipase D gene in Postharvest Longan Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 649-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Jiemin Li ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
Ping Yi ◽  
Changbao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Soluble Solid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Pericarp Browning

Background: Phospholipase D (PLD)is closely related to browning and senescence of postharvest longan fruit. Objective: This study investigated the effects of 2-butanol (a PLD inhibitor) on the expression and regulation of PLD during storage of longan fruit at a low temperature. Methods: Senescence-related quality indices showed that the 2-butanol-treated fruit presented lower pericarp browning index, pulp breakdown index and total soluble solid value than the untreated fruit. Results: The fruit treated by 60 µL/L 2-butanol exhibited the strongest inhibition on senescence, which significantly delayed changes in weight, titratable acidity content, total soluble solid content and ascorbic acid content. This treatment maintained a high level of total phenolic content and caused significant inhibition on pericarp browning and pulp breakdown. Through ELISA method, 60 µL/L 2-butanol treatment also reduced PLD activity. Real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that PLD mRNA expression level was inhibited by 60 µL/L 2-butanol within 15 days. Western-blotting results further confirmed the differential expression of PLD during storage, and a relatively higher expression for PLD protein was found in control compared to the 2-butanoltreated fruit during 15-d storage. Conclusion: These results provided a scientific basis and reference to further investigating postharvest longan quality maintenance by regulating the PLD gene expression.

scholarly journals Sterol-response pathways mediate alkaline survival in diverse fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Brown ◽  
Calla L. Telzrow ◽  
Joseph W. Saelens ◽  
Larissa Fernandes ◽  
J. Andrew Alspaugh
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe ability for cells to maintain homeostasis in the presence of extracellular stress is essential for their survival. Stress adaptations are especially important for microbial pathogens to respond to rapidly changing conditions, such as those encountered during the transition from the environment to the infected host. Many fungal pathogens have acquired the ability to quickly adapt to changes in extracellular pH to promote their survival in the various micro-environments encountered during a host infection. For example, the fungal-specific Rim/Pal alkaline response pathway has been well characterized in many fungal pathogens, including Cryptococcus neoformans. However, alternative mechanisms for sensing and responding to host pH have yet to be extensively studied. Recent observations from a genetic screen suggest that the C. neoformans sterol homeostasis pathway is required for growth at elevated pH. This work explores interactions among mechanisms of membrane homeostasis, alkaline pH tolerance, and Rim pathway activation. We find that the sterol homeostasis pathway is necessary for growth in an alkaline environment, and that an elevated pH is sufficient to induce Sre1 activation. This pH-mediated activation of the Sre1 transcription factor is linked to the biosynthesis of ergosterol, but is not dependent on Rim pathway signaling, suggesting that these two pathways are responding to alkaline pH independently. Furthermore, we discover that C. neoformans is more susceptible to membrane-targeting antifungals in alkaline conditions highlighting the impact of micro-environmental pH on the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Together, these findings further connect membrane integrity and composition with the fungal pH response and pathogenesis.

ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS OF THE DRAGON FRUIT FUNGAL PATHOGEN Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN NGOC AN ◽  
HUA HUYNH MINH THAO ◽  
HO NGUYEN HOANG YEN ◽  
NGUYEN THI DIEU HANH ◽  
NGUYEN LE HIEN HOA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit or pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) are famous for their nutrient-rich favourable taste, which brings high economic value to subtropical and tropical countries. However, dragon fruit cultivation all over the world is threatened by fungal pathogens and among them, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has recently been shown to be responsible for stem canker and fruit rot which cause big economic losses. In order to find an environmentally friendly way to control this pathogen, five out of sixty-nine bacterial isolates used in a screening test for antifungal activity were selected. All five strains appeared to be aerobic Gram positive spore forming bacteria suggesting that they all belong to the Bacillus genus. Cell-free culture supernatants of these strains were found to strongly inhibit both fungal spore germination and mycelia growth in vitro for at least 5 days. The strain D19 which possessed the highest antagonistic effect was further identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a well-known species shown to have antifungal effect against several other pathogenic fungi. Thus, the results of this study opened a new promising perspective to prevent Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection during cultivation of dragon fruit.

scholarly journals Analysis of Selected Physicochemical Properties of Commercial Apple Juices

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Leszek Rydzak ◽  
Zbigniew Kobus ◽  
Rafał Nadulski ◽  
Kamil Wilczyński ◽  
Anna Pecyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Soluble Solid

The paper presents the comparison of quality of six different commercial apple juices produced in Poland. The apple juices came from two different Polish companies. From each manufacturer three various juices were selected: two cloudy and clarified one produced as a mixture of different apple varieties. The following properties were evaluated: density, soluble solid content, viscosity, total phenolic contents, phenolic acid, and antiradical activity. The obtained results showed that three from fourth cloudy juices (M1Sz, M1A and M2A) differed from clarified juices. The highest differences were noticed for total phenolic contents, phenolic acids, antiradical activity and viscosity. The values of these properties ranged between 60.72–103.6 mg GAE·100−1 mL−1 for phenolic contents, 78.3–90.9% for antiradical activity and 2.68–5.79 mPa·s for viscosity. The remaining cloudy juice (M2Sz) was more similar to the clarified ones. The strong correlation between total phenolic content and antiradical activity of apple juices was found. The high correlation coefficient obtained between these features indicates that both producers do not apply excessive amounts of vitamin C during the production of cloudy apple juices. There was also a strong interrelation between the density of juice and solid soluble content. However, no correlation was found between the solid soluble content and the viscosity of the tested juices.

scholarly journals The Mechanisms of Mating in Pathogenic Fungi—A Plastic Trait

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Jane Usher
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Sexual And Asexual Reproduction ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fungi on human and plant health is an ever-increasing issue. Recent studies have estimated that human fungal infections result in an excess of one million deaths per year and plant fungal infections resulting in the loss of crop yields worth approximately 200 million per annum. Sexual reproduction in these economically important fungi has evolved in response to the environmental stresses encountered by the pathogens as a method to target DNA damage. Meiosis is integral to this process, through increasing diversity through recombination. Mating and meiosis have been extensively studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, highlighting that these mechanisms have diverged even between apparently closely related species. To further examine this, this review will inspect these mechanisms in emerging important fungal pathogens, such as Candida, Aspergillus, and Cryptococcus. It shows that both sexual and asexual reproduction in these fungi demonstrate a high degree of plasticity.

scholarly journals Soil parameters impact the vine-fruit-wine continuum by altering vine nitrogen status

OENO One ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sébastien Reynard ◽  
Vivian Zufferey ◽  
Geneviève-Clara Nicol ◽  
François Murisier
Keyword(s):  
Solid Content ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Status ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Fruit Wine ◽  
The Impact

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: A three-year study was conducted in the Vaud vineyards of Switzerland to evaluate the effects of « terroir » on the ecophysiology and fruit composition of <em>Vitis vinifera</em> L. cv. Doral (a white variety) and the characteristics of the produced wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: The impact of soil on the vine-fruit-wine continuum was evaluated at 13 sites during three seasons. Except for soil, the vineyards presented almost identical climatic characteristics and used similar cultivation techniques. We monitored the nitrogen status of the vines by measuring yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the must. The soil modulated vine nitrogen status by its fertility and rooting depth. Low vine nitrogen status induced a high soluble solid content, low malic acid content, and high pH in fruits and resulted in small berries and low vine vigour. Wines were produced in a standardised manner from each site; then, they were subjected to sensory and chemical evaluation. YAN in musts was the parameter that best explained the variation in wine sensory characteristics. Wines made from grapes with low YAN values had negative sensory characteristics such as astringency and low aromatic complexity.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This work provided evidence of how soil can influence fruit composition and the sensory attributes of wine. Vine nitrogen status in relation to soil characteristics was a key parameter contributing to the terroir effect.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This study focuses on the whole vine-fruit-wine continuum and uses scientific rigour to investigate the terroir effect over a number of vintages. Key words: terroir, vine nitrogen status, soil effect, wine quality, vinefruit- wine continuum</p>

scholarly journals Seed-Propagated Summer Apples: Great Morphological and Biochemical Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8359
Author(s):  
Neva Karatas ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Mehmet Ramazan Bozhuyuk ◽  
Ozlem Cakir ◽  
Tomas Necas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

The northeastern Anatolia region of Turkey is one of the richest plant biodiversity areas in Turkey. This study describes some important tree and fruit characteristics of 20 seed-propagated summer apple genotypes from northeastern Anatolia using morphological and biochemical markers. The genotypes were evaluated morphologically for tree growth habit, ripening date, fruit weight, fruit firmness, fruit shape, fruit color, fruit taste, juiciness and aroma. The biochemical characteristics measured were organic acids, SSC (soluble solid content), titratable acidity, vitamin C, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. We found significant differences for most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics. The genotypes exhibited quite diverse harvest dates ranging from 4 July to 16 August. Summer apple genotypes had fruit weight between 101.9 g and 133.5 g. The genotypes had diverse fruit shapes, including round, conic and oblate, and over fruit colours such as pink, red, yellow and green. Genotypes GUM7 and GUM13 stood out for fruit weight, SSC, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity. GUM7 and GUM13 present dissimilarity from the other genotypes. While the first showed a lower average fruit weight, SSC, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, the second revealed higher average of fruit weight, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and higher SSC. Due to their favorable characteristics, GUM13 can be used for further crosses with genotypes of other groups, which also present favorable characteristics.

scholarly journals Phytochemical changes in heated Rosa species fruits and seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Güneş Mehmet ◽  
Dölek Ümit ◽  
Elmastaş Mahfuz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Rosa Species ◽  
Β Carotene

The phytochemical changes in heat-treated Rosa species fruits and seeds were determined. Fruits and seeds of five advanced genotypes belonging to Rosa dumalis, R. canina, and R. villosa were used. Fruits were harvested at optimal maturity and boiled in distilled water for 30 min, followed by analysis of soluble solid content, dry matter, pH, titratable acidity, total sugar, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C. Total phenolic content and the antioxidant activities of fresh and boiled fruits were also analyzed, and fatty acid levels in fresh and heated seeds were determined. Total sugar, pH, and antioxidant activities were not affected, but β-carotene was affected significantly by heating in all species. The losses in β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and vitamin C were between 78–86, 29–51, and 12–60%, respectively. Heat treatment did not affect significantly the ratios of major fatty acids except for R. dumalis (MR-12 and MR-46).

scholarly journals Morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of summer apple genotypes

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Karatas
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics

Abstract Summer apples are one of the most important plant community in Artvin province located Northeastern part of Turkey. In present study 22 local apple genotypes were characterized by phenological, morphological, biochemical and sensory properties. Harvest date was the main phenological data. Morphological measurements included fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit ground color, fruit over color, fruit over color coverage and fruit firmness, respectively. Sensory measurements were as juiciness and aroma and biochemical characteristics included organic acids, SSC (Soluble Solid Content), vitamin C, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Genotypes exhibited variable harvest dates ranging from 11 July to 13 August and cv. Summered harvested 30 July 2017. The majority of genotypes were harvested before cv. Summered. Fruit weight were also quite variable among genotypes which found to be between 89 g and 132 g, and most of the genotypes had bigger fruits than cv. Summered. Pink, red, yellow and green fruit skin color was evident and main fruit shape were determined as round, conic and oblate among genotypes. ART08-9, ART08-4, ART08-21 and ART08-22 had distinct bigger fruits and ART08-1, ART08-2, ART08-5, ART08-12 and ART08-17 had higher total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. The results of the study showed significant differences for most of the phenological, morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics. Thus, the phonological, morphological, sensory and biochemical characteristics of summer apple genotypes were distinguishable and these results suggest that phonological, morphological, sensory and biochemical differences of the summer apple genotypes can be attributed to differences in genetic background of genotypes which placed different groups by PCoA analysis.

scholarly journals Fruit Quality and Phytochemical Attributes of Some Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Cultivars as Affected by Genotypes and Seasons

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguzhan CALISKAN ◽  
Safder BAYAZIT ◽  
Ahmet SUMBUL
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Soluble Solid

This study was conducted over two growing seasons (2010 and 2011) to evaluate effects on fruit quality and phytochemical properties of new Turkish cultivars, hybrid between Irano-Caucasian- and European eco-geographic groups, and some important apricot cultivars in the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey. Fruit quality characteristics, sensory traits, and phytochemical parameters were investigated. The data showed that considerable variation existed in fruit quality and phytochemical properties of Turkish, and foreign apricot cultivars based on genotypes and growing seasons. The new hybrid cultivar ‘Çağataybey’ contained the highest total soluble solid content (14.6%), rich total phenolic (93.9 mg GAE 100g-1 fw), and total antioxidant capacity levels (9.8 mmol Fe2+ kg-1 fw), and >50% of blush color on the fruit peels among the cultivars. The fructose and sucrose values showed positively significant correlations with total phenolics (r = 0.55 and r = 0.69, at p< 0.05, respectively). The authors had estimated that the data will be useful for breeding studies to improve fruit quality and nutritional contents of apricot cultivars.

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