scholarly journals Why Do You Trust News? The Event-Related Potential Evidence of Media Channel and News Type

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonai Fan ◽  
Sifang Liu ◽  
Guanxiong Pei ◽  
Yufei Wu ◽  
Lian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Soft News ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Media Condition ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Channel

Media is the principal source of public information, and people's trust in news has been a critical mechanism in social cohesion. In recent years, the vast growth of new media (e.g., internet news portals) has brought huge change to the way information is conveyed, cannibalizing much of the space of traditional media (e.g., traditional newspapers). This has led to renewed attention on media credibility. The study aims to explore the impact of media channel on trust in news and examine the role of news type. Twenty-six participants were asked to make trust–distrust decisions after reading a variety of news headlines from different media channels while undergoing electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. The electrophysiological results showed that, for hard news (e.g., important news related to public life), the new media condition elicited smaller N100 and larger P200 amplitudes than the traditional media condition. However, for soft news (e.g., entertainment, and non-related to vital interest), there was no significant difference. The study suggests that the fitness of media channel and news type may influence the evaluation of news, impacting participants' affective arousal and attention allocation in the early stage and influencing trust in news. These results provide neurocognitive evidence of individuals' trust toward hard and soft news consumed via different media channels, yielding new insights into trust in media and contributing to media trust theory.

The role of radiotherapy in elderly women with early-stage breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariacarla Valli ◽  
Simona Cima ◽  
Paola Fanti ◽  
Barbara Muoio ◽  
Alessandra Vanetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Conservative Surgery ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To analyze the impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) on ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR) and overall survival (OS) in patients older than 69 years with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: From January 2007 to June 2015, we analyzed retrospectively 137 women with estrogen receptor–positive T1–2 invasive breast cancer, with negative axillary lymph nodes, dividing them into 2 subgroups: 70 to 79 years and older than 79 years. Results: After a median follow-up of 43.2 months, the 3-year IBR-free survival in patients treated with surgery plus RT was 98.8% and 92.1% in patients treated with surgery alone, with a significant difference ( p = .01). Radiotherapy did not impact overall survival ( p = .10). A higher percentage of patients aged between 70 and 79 years received RT after conservative surgery if compared with the older subgroup ( p < .01). Conclusions: In elderly women, adjuvant RT reduced the IBR, but did not improve OS.

Performance of healthy elderly with Alzheimer's disease at an early stage in executive function and language

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 498-498
Author(s):  
M.T. Santos ◽  
G.C. Couto ◽  
J.C. Achieri ◽  
C.A. Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Impact

Dementia are increasingly prevalent in population. The most common causes of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Screening tests have been used for the premature diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease (AD), specifically in the executive functions and language, which are compromised at an initial stage. However, the necessity standardized means and validated for our middle, to show oneself a pressing subject.ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of the length of sentences in the abstraction of proverbs in the Screening Test for Alzheimer's disease with Proverbs (TRDAP), healthy elderly and with Alzheimer's disease at early stage.MethodSurvey document in the database, analyzing the responses of the elderly (abstract or concrete interpretation of proverbs), relating the length of sentences (sayings) of stage B of TRDAP with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and the interference of age and schooling.ResultsHealthy older people showed greater capacity for abstraction than those with AD. There was Significant differences, in the sayings 1 (p = 0.033) and 2 (p = 0.001), corresponding to lower sentences, which did not occur with the proverb 3. As for age no verified significant difference among the healthy and only saying 3 in AD patients, however schooling differenced the healthy.ConclusionElderly with Alzheimer's disease at an initial stage have lower performance in the comprehension of ambiguous sentences, interpretation and abstraction of proverbs, corroborating with the data of the literature. The size of these sentences appears to be inversely proportional to the correctness of interpretation in elderly patients with and without AD.

scholarly journals The Impact of Mass Media in Using Contraceptives among Married Males-A study from Hatiya VDC of Makawanpur, Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Srijana Pandey ◽  
Supendra Karki
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To analyze the association between exposure to mass media and use of contraceptive.Methods: In this cross sectional descriptive study, 387 married males of Hatiya VDC were randomly selected. This study uses semi-structured questionnaire to acquire information regarding background character of respondents and the exposure of family planning message to mass media.Results: Both print and electronic media were found major reproductive health information dissemination tools. Exposure was positively related to age, education level, income, partner approval and discussed family planning with partner. There was no significant difference in exposure based on number of living children.Conclusion: Findings from this study are consistent with the interpretation that mass media promotion of the family planning message motivated sexual partners to discuss use of the contraceptives, and that discussion exerted a strong influence on their intention to use it. The programmatic implications of these findings are that multiple media channels should continue to be used to promote family planning and other reproductive health issues. Priority should be given to media channels that reach large numbers of the intended audience, but supporting channels (such as print and interpersonal communication) should also be included in the media mix.Key words: Mass media; ContraceptivesDOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i1.2928Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.1(1) 2010 p.9-11 

scholarly journals Minimally Invasive Versus Open Surgery for Radical Hysterectomy Followed By Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Intermediate- or High-Risk Early-Stage Cancer of The Cervix: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-ying Zhang ◽  
Zi Liu ◽  
Ya-li Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Radical Hysterectomy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves outcomes of cervical cancer patients with risk factors. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has an inferior survival than open radical hysterectomy (ORH), however, the impact of MIS on postoperative RT remains uncertain. The study compared the impacts of MIS versus ORH on delivering of adjuvant RT or CRT for intermediate- or high-risk early-stage cervical cancer. Methods Data on stage IB1-IIA2 patients who underwent radical hysterectomy and postoperative RT/CRT in our institution, from 2014 to 2017, were retrospectively collected. Patients with high or intermediate-risk factors who met the Sedlis criteria received postoperative pelvic external beam radiotherapy (50Gy/25f) with platinum-based chemotherapy (0–6 cycles) according to guidelines. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared in the two surgical groups. Results One hundred and twenty-nine patients eligible for the study (68 in ORH; 61 in MIS groups) had similar clinicopathologic features except for the stage (highest in MIS was IB1; IIA1 in ORH) and presence of lymph vascular space invasion (higher in MIS group). The median time interval from surgery to chemotherapy and to RT was shorter in the MIS group. Three-year DFS and OS were similar in both groups. Further sub-analysis indicated that the DFS and OS in intermediate/high-risk groups had no significant difference. Cox-multivariate analyses found that tumor size > 4 cm and time interval from surgery to RT beyond seven weeks were adverse independent prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusions In early-stage (IB1-IIA2) cervical cancer patients with intermediate or high-risk factors who received postoperative RT or CRT, no matter they received ORH or MIS as their primary treatment, the DFS and OS had no significant difference, despite TI from surgery to postoperative adjuvant therapy being shorter in the MIS group than ORH.

scholarly journals Media Use and Environmental Public Service Satisfaction—An Empirical Analysis Based on China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3873
Author(s):  
Shujia Hu ◽  
Runxi Zeng ◽  
Chengzhi Yi
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Media Use ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Service Satisfaction ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

Previous research has produced conflicting findings on the relationship between media use and environmental public service satisfaction. Using survey data from the China General Social Survey 2015 (hereafter referred to as CGSS2015), this study examined the impact of media use on environmental public service satisfaction. The findings showed that traditional media use was positively associated and new media use was negatively associated with environmental public service satisfaction. Individuals who used new media as their primary source of information were less satisfied with environmental public services than individuals whose primary source of information was traditional media. This study confirmed that authoritative value propositions and government trust have a significant mediating effect between traditional media use and environmental public service satisfaction, and government trust has a significant mediating effect between individuals’ main information sources and their environmental public service satisfaction.

Study of cellulose-destroying activity of soil microflora on the radionuclide contaminated territories of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Klepko ◽  
Volodymyr Illienko ◽  
Mykola Lazarev ◽  
Nataliya Bilyera
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Radiation Accidents ◽  
Tea Bag Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Elimination of the powerful radiation accidents consequences (i.e. Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents) has undoubtedly provided mankind with great experience in implementing both practical and fundamental knowledge about the radiation safety of society and the environment. In general, the practical application of scientific knowledge accumulated in the pre-accident period has led to significant positive successes of post emergency measures. The advantage of practical needs in scientific studies has narrowed the scope of fundamental work to the impact of radiation on biological objects in the affected area at the Chernobyl NPP, so the progress in this direction is modest so far.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To date, there is no unambiguous answer to the problem of the small radiation doses impact on biota, namely under such conditions people live today in areas contaminated with artificial radionuclides after Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents. Despite the accumulated experience in the elimination of radiation accidents, it is premature to consider the problem of environmental radionuclide pollution solved. This calls us to expand basic research question at identifying patterns in the state of cellulose-destroying soil microflora on contaminated areas in Ukrainian Polissya and assess their soil-forming activity. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study of the microbiota state on territories contaminated with radionuclides (including high level of contamination) is at an early stage, despite the intensive development of such studies after the radiation accident in Fukushima, Japan by a team of researchers from the University of Tokyo led by Professor T. Takahashi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The aim of our work was to study the cellulose-destroying activity of the soil microflora of Ukrainian Polissya under conditions of elevated radionuclides contamination. We selected two locations - one outside the exclusion zone and the second in the exclusion zone. Both locations were characterized by a significant gradient of radionuclide contamination. At the first location, three points with soil &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs activity of 0.6&amp;#177;0.045, 2.9&amp;#177;0.08, 4.6&amp;#177;0.11 kBq&amp;#215;kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil and &lt;sup&gt;90&lt;/sup&gt;Sr activity of 0.033&amp;#177;0.004, 0.18&amp;#177;0.015, 0.27&amp;#177;0.012 kBq&amp;#215;kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil were selected. At the location in the exclusion zone, the &lt;sup&gt;137&lt;/sup&gt;Cs activity at the sampling points 25&amp;#177;2, 170&amp;#177;1.5, 490&amp;#177;1 kBq&amp;#215;kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; soil were selected. Since the experimental sites are located in a relatively small area, the physico-chemical soil properties between the points at each location do not have a significant difference.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To determine the rate of organic matter decomposition by soil microorganisms at all micro-sites, the standardized Tea Bag Index (TBI) method was applied. We used two types of tea bags TM Lipton - green tea (EAN8722700055525 or EAN8714100770542) and rooibos (EAN8722700188438) as a standardized plant material. Therefore, the obtained results can be compared between the microsites with different contamination level, as well as with similar data obtained by researchers for all ecosystems and many soil types from more than 2000 places around the world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We acknowledge the National Research Foundation of Ukraine for the financial support of this research (Project &amp;#8470;2020.01/0489).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Is standard radical surgery necessary for elderly patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma? ~Propensity score matched analysis~

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-418
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kajiyama ◽  
Masato Yoshihara ◽  
Satoshi Tamauchi ◽  
Nobuhisa Yoshikawa ◽  
Kaoru Niimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Limited Surgery ◽  
Matching Technique ◽  
Clinicopathologic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective The impact of ‘standard full-staged radical surgery (SRS)’ on overall survival (OS) in elderly patients with early-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the impact of SRS on OS in elderly patients with early-stage EOC in a multicentric analysis using a propensity score (PS)-matching technique. Methods Between 1986 and 2017, 3227 patients with EOC were registered and accumulated by the Tokai Ovarian Tumor Study Group, consisting of 14 collaborating institutions, after a central pathological review. Among them, 204 elderly patients aged older than or equal to 65 years who had a stage I EOC were analyzed, including 72 patients who had received SRS (Group I) and 132 who had undergone non-SRS limited surgery (Group II). Oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups using a PS-matching technique to adjust for various clinicopathologic risk factors. Results The median follow-up duration of all surviving patients was 55.9 months. Consequently, 54 patients (26.5%) developed recurrence. In addition, 33 patients (16.2%) died of the disease. In the original cohort, the 5-year OS rates of Groups I and II were 95.8 and 82.3%, respectively. We identified a marginally significant difference between the two groups (Log-rank: P = 0.086). In the PS-matched cohort after adjustment for multiple clinicopathologic factors, there was no significant difference in OS between the two groups [OS (Group I vs. II), HR: 0.766 (95% CI: 0.271–2.165), P = 0.615]. Conclusions After adjustment for clinicopathologic factors, non-SRS limited surgery may not worsen the oncologic outcome in elderly women with early-stage EOC. A large-scale clinical study is necessary to validate the findings.

scholarly journals The impact of interdisciplinary dynamic images on public perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 05085
Author(s):  
ChaoYuan Shi ◽  
Li Gu
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Motion Graphics ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Dynamic Image ◽  
Dynamic Graphics ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic image, usually defined as motion graphics or dynamic graphics, is a kind of image art based on art design and computer science. In a broad sense, dynamic image is a discipline that integrates animation, film, and graphic design. Its expression content is more refined and straightforward than animated movies. It is more comprehensive than graphic design in conveying information. There are more types of dynamic images in the new media era. There are virtual reality technologies that rely on computer science and interactivity, and there are self-media on the Internet. Together with traditional media, they have more and more impact on the public's cognition. The interdisciplinary dynamic image is a visual language based on the dynamic image and interdisciplinary boundaries. It is main feature is to use dynamic images to express the main content of something, event or thought, a moving image made for the purpose of improving the public’s understanding of the corresponding thing, In the interdisciplinary dynamic images, the concreteness and narrative nature of the dynamic images are weakened, and the non-representation and scientific are more emphasized.

scholarly journals Redefining ‘media’ using a ‘media-as-a-constitutional-component’ concept: an evaluation of the need for the European Court of Human Rights to alter its understanding of ‘media’ within a new media landscape

Legal Studies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Peter Coe
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
New Media ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the impact of new media on freedom of expression and media freedom within the context of the European Convention on Human Rights and European Court of Human Rights jurisprudence. Through comparative analysis of US jurisprudence and scholarship, this paper deals with the following three issues. First, it explores the traditional purpose of the media, and how media freedom, as opposed to freedom of expression, has been subject to privileged protection, within an ECHR context at least. Secondly, it considers the emergence of new media, and how it can be differentiated from the traditional media. Finally, it analyses the philosophical justifications for freedom of expression, and how they enable a workable definition of the media based upon the concept of the media-as-a-constitutional-component.

scholarly journals Is it feasible to learn research skills in addition to audit skills through clinical audit? A mixed methods study in general practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crea Carberry ◽  
Ian Callanan ◽  
Geoff McCombe ◽  
Helen Tobin ◽  
Gerard Bury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Real World ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Protected Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Audit Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Involving medical students in research in their undergraduate careers may increase the likelihood that they will be research active after graduation. To date, there has been a paucity of published research of students doing research in general practice. Aim The study aims to evaluate the impact of general practice clinical audits on early-stage graduate entry students’ audit and research self-efficacy and explore feasibility issues from the student and GP perspective. Methods Two student questionnaires (pre- and post-intervention), a qualitative GP survey of the 25 participating GPs and semi-structured interviews of a purposeful sample of GPs were conducted. Results Participating students who completed the follow-up survey found that it had a positive educational impact (55%), increased their understanding of the audit cycle (72%) and real-world prescribing (77%). Research confidence wise, there was a statistically significant difference in the student group who completed the audit project compared to those students who did not in knowledge of the audit cycle and the difference between research and audit (p = 0.001) but not in other research skills. Ninety-six percent of responding GPs would be happy for students to do future audits in their practice but some feasibility issues similar to other research initiatives in general practice were identified. Conclusion We found this audit initiative feasible and useful in helping students learn about audit skills, patient safety and real-world prescribing. GPs and students would benefit more if it were linked to a substantial clinical placement, focussed on a topic of interest and given protected time. Separate research projects may be needed to develop research skills confidence.

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