scholarly journals The Positive Side of Maximization: Linking Maximization Tendency With Meaning in Life Through Time Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Ma ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Positive Side

The negative influence of maximization on well-being, that is, the maximization paradox, has received increased attention. However, few studies have shown the link between maximization tendency and meaning in life, which is one type of well-being, and no empirical literature has examined the mechanisms between them. We conducted an online survey in China to test the relationship between maximization tendency and meaning in life. Participants (N=2,987) were invited to report their maximization, time perspective, meaning in life, and other control variables and demographic variables. Multi-mediation path analysis was adopted in the data analysis. The results revealed that maximization was positively associated with meaning in life, which confirmed the positive aspect of the maximization tendency. Further analyses indicated that the time perspectives of past-positive and future mediated the positive relationship between maximization and meaning in life. In contrast, a present-fatalistic time perspective was a suppressor in the positive relationship. Our findings suggest that the maximization tendency has a positive aspect rather than the overall maximization paradox. An important means of elevating meaning in life is to encourage the time perspective of past-positive and future-oriented and reduce the present-fatalistic time perspective.

scholarly journals Positive Psychology in Times of Pandemic—Time Perspective as a Moderator of the Relationship between Resilience and Meaning in Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13340
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Lasota ◽  
Justyna Mróz
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Therapeutic Services ◽  
The Relationship

Resilience and meaning in life are significant indicators of psychological well-being and health, which are particularly important in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they have been explored by a growing number of scientists. There has been a research gap, however, that fails to show that time perspectives also have a significant impact on the perception and building of different life aspects. The current study investigated the associations between resilience, time perspectives and meaning in life and examined the moderating role of time perspective in the relationship between resilience and meaning in life. Methods: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 363 adults aged 18-70. Resilience Measurement Scale (SPP-25), the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and the Purpose in Life Questionnaire (PIL) were used. Results: The findings confirmed a positive relationship between resilience, meaning in life, and positive time perspectives (Present Hedonistic and Future) and a negative link with Past Negative and Present Fatalistic perspectives. The linear regression analyses showed that Past Negative and Past Positive perspectives significantly moderated the relationship between resilience and meaning in life. The moderating effect was also confirmed in the case of past time perspectives only. Conclusions: The findings indicate the relevance of positive resources, such as resilience and positive perception of the past, in keeping the meaning in life. Understanding the effect of psychological strengths in the context of the pandemic time can be a key to providing intervention and therapeutic services fostering mental health and well-being.

Different Future Time Perspectives Interplay in Predicting Life Satisfaction

GeroPsych ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjie Lu ◽  
Angel Y. Li ◽  
Helene H. Fung ◽  
Klaus Rothermund ◽  
Frieder R. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
Time Extension ◽  
Future Self ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study addresses prior mixed findings on the relationship between future time perspective (FTP) and well-being as well as examines the associations between three aspects of FTP and life satisfaction in the health and friendship domains. 159 Germans, 97 US Americans, and 240 Hong Kong Chinese, aged 19–86 years, completed a survey on future self-views (valence) and life satisfaction. They also reported the extent to which they perceived future time as expanded vs. limited (time extension) and meaningful (openness). Findings revealed that individuals with more positive future self-views had higher satisfaction. However, those who perceived their future as more meaningful or perceived more time in their future reported higher satisfaction even when future self-views were less positive.

scholarly journals Meaning in Life as a Moderator between Homophobic Stigmatization and Coping Styles in Adult Offspring from Planned Lesbian-Parent Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-606
Author(s):  
Henny Bos ◽  
Audrey S. Koh ◽  
Gabriël van Beusekom ◽  
Esther D. Rothblum ◽  
Nanette Gartrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Emotional Coping ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Introduction The current study examined whether achieving a sense of meaning in life moderated the association between experienced homophobic stigmatization and coping styles in emerging adult offspring of lesbian mothers. In the sixth wave of the U S National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study, completed in 2017, the 76 participating offspring were 25 years old. Methods The offspring completed an online survey containing questions about homophobic stigmatization, coping styles (problem-focused, active emotional, and avoidant emotional coping), and meaning in life. Results The interaction between homophobic stigmatization and meaning in life was significant for problem-focused and avoidant emotional coping. Further analyses showed that for participants with low levels of meaning in life, exposure to homophobic stigmatization was associated with less problem-focused coping and more avoidant emotional coping. Discussion The social policy implications of these findings suggest that achieving a sense of meaning in life can serve as a protective factor in reducing the negative influence of homophobic stigmatization on coping styles. Social Policy Implications Thus homophobia associated with being raised by sexual minority parents may affect offspring as adults, even after these offspring no longer live with their parents. This finding illuminates the importance of developing a sense of meaning in life by encouraging self-efficacy on the part of schools and community organizations.

scholarly journals Postrzeganie czasu i poczucie dobrostanu w adaptacji do starości

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Joanna Szczuka ◽  
Stanisława Steuden
Keyword(s):  
Time Perception ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Time Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Positive Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Time Perception and Psychological Well-being in Adapting to Old Age The subject of the studies was to indicate whether there is a relationship between the time perception of older people and their psychological well-being. The study included 238 persons aged 60 years and older. To collect data, the following tools of psychological measurement were applied: Psychological Well-Being Scale (SDP) and The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZPTI). It has been proven that the past positive time perspective is the one that best characterizes a given group. Numerous statistically significant relationships between particular time perspectives and psychological well-being have been demonstrated, both in their global area and in their individual dimensions. Słowa kluczowe: d

scholarly journals Time Perspective predicts levels of Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-cultural study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Micillo ◽  
Pier-Alexandre Rioux ◽  
Esteban Mendoza Durán ◽  
Sebastian kuebel ◽  
Nicola Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Time Perspectives

The COVID-19 outbreak and governmental measures to keep the population safe had a great impact on many aspects of society, including well-being. Using data from N=1281 participants from six countries (Argentina, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, and Turkey), we first explored differences in anxiety, depression (measured with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS) and time perspectives (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory; ZTPI), between these countries during the first weeks of the pandemic. We observed that Turkish participants reported the highest levels of anxiety, and Japanese and Greek the lowest. For depression symptoms, the Japanese scored highest and Italians lowest. Next, for each country, we investigated how well the relatively time-stable personality traits of time perspectives, chronotype (reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire; rMEQ), and Big Five personality traits (short Big Five Inventory; BFI) predicted the levels of anxiety and depression (HADS). The regression analyses showed that negative attitudes towards the past predicted the levels of both anxiety and depression in most of the countries we analyzed. Additionally, in many countries, a Past Positive orientation negatively predicted depression whereas the Present Fatalistic subscale predicted anxiety and depression. The chronotype did not contribute additionally to the models. The Big Five traits (and particularly neuroticism) showed substantial incremental explanatory power for anxiety in some countries but did not consistently predict anxiety levels. For depression, the additional variance accounted for by including the BFI as predictors was rather small. Importantly, the ZTPI subscales were retained as significant predictors in the model still when the BFI and rMEQ were considered as potential predictors. Our results yield evidence that the ZTPI time perspectives are valuable predictors for anxiety and depression levels during the first period of the pandemic.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-Being among Public and Private Undertakings in Aligarh

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
Prof. Abu Sufiyan Zilli
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Aspect ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Self Acceptance

The aim of this study was to compare the psychological well-being of public and private undertakings in Aligarh. The sample consisted of 100 participants including 50 each from public and private undertakings. Psychological well-being is a positive aspect that is present in every individual in varying degree& it is very important to measure psychological well-being among public & private sector due to its role of productivity in each sector. Psychological well Being is an important aspect for effective performance in each undertaking sector, as it determines the internal feelings to persuade the external actions .Low psychological well-being is obvious to effect any domain of our life may it be academic  or  work life. 42 item versions Psychological well being scale by Carol ryff was used to collect the data from different private & public undertakings in Aligarh. This scale consist of six dimensions namely Autonomy, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth, Positive Relationship, Purpose in Life, Self-Acceptance. Mean, Standard Deviation and t-test were applied for analysis of data. The findings of this study revealed that over all psychological well-being of public undertakings is higher than private undertakings. Significant difference of overall psychological well-being was found between public and private undertakings in Aligarh .Furthermore, significant difference was found on all above mentioned dimensions of psychological well-being except autonomy and self-acceptance.

The Role of High Parental Expectations in Adolescents’ Academic Performance and Depression in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 2505-2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Ma ◽  
Angela Siu ◽  
Wai Shing Tse
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Parental Expectations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Parenting Practice

Extensive research has demonstrated the positive relationship between parental expectations and adolescents’ academic performance. However, little attention has been paid to the negative influence of parental expectations on adolescents’ emotion well-being. The present study investigated the effects of high parental expectations on both academic performance and depression of adolescents. In addition, it also explored whether these relationships could be mediated through adolescents’ value of academic success, self-efficacy, and supports from parents and school. The sample consisted of 872 adolescents from secondary schools in Hong Kong and the results revealed that high parental expectations were positively associated with adolescents’ academic performance and also positively associated with their depression. The mediating roles of adolescents’ value of academic success and school support frequency were also confirmed. This study provides some implications for parenting practice by clarifying the complex roles of parental expectations and the need for social support for adolescents.

scholarly journals Inner Harmony as an Essential Facet of Well-Being: A Multinational Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Carreno ◽  
Nikolett Eisenbeck ◽  
José Antonio Pérez-Escobar ◽  
José M. García-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Country Level

This study aimed to explore the role of two models of well-being in the prediction of psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely PERMA and mature happiness. According to PERMA, well-being is mainly composed of five elements: positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning in life, and achievement. Instead, mature happiness is understood as a positive mental state characterized by inner harmony, calmness, acceptance, contentment, and satisfaction with life. Rooted in existential positive psychology, this harmony-based happiness represents the result of living in balance between positive and negative aspects of one's life. We hypothesized that mature happiness would be a more prominent protective factor during the present pandemic than the PERMA composite. A total of 12,203 participants from 30 countries responded to an online survey including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), the PERMA-Profiler, and the Mature Happiness Scale-Revised (MHS-R). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that PERMA and mature happiness were highly correlated, but nonetheless, they represented two separate factors. After controlling for demographic factors and country-level variables, both PERMA Well-being and MHS-R were negative predictors of psychological distress. Mature happiness was a better predictor of stress, anxiety, and general distress, while PERMA showed a higher prediction of depression. Mature happiness moderated the relation between the perceived noxious effects of the pandemic and all markers of distress (depression, anxiety, stress, and total DASS-21). Instead, PERMA acted as a moderator in the case of depression and stress. These findings indicate that inner harmony, according to the mature happiness theory, is an essential facet of well-being to be taken into consideration. The results of this study can also orient policies aimed to alleviate the negative effects of the pandemic on mental health through the promotion of well-being.

scholarly journals THE UPSIDE OF GETTING OLD: TESTING A MODEL OF OLDER AGE AND BETTER EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S723-S724
Author(s):  
Jenna Wilson ◽  
JoNell Strough ◽  
Natalie Shook
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Time Perspective ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Older adults often report better emotional well-being than younger adults. Socioemotional Selectivity Theory posits that with age, reduced future time perspective motivates prioritizing emotional well-being in the present moment (Carstensen, 2006). Mindfulness, a receptive attention to experiences as they occur (Brown & Ryan, 2003), and savoring, the ability to regulate positive feelings in the moment (Bryant, 2003), are present-oriented processes associated with greater well-being. Recent evidence indicates that greater mindfulness in part accounts for age differences in positive affect (Shook et al., 2017). The current study investigated whether older age is associated with a greater present-oriented time perspective, which in turn is related to greater savoring and mindfulness, thus statistically accounting for older adults’ better well-being. Participants (N = 888, 20-88 years, Mage = 46.37, SD = 15.20) recruited via MTurk completed an online survey. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The model provided an adequate fit to the data (CMIN/DF = 2.94, CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.048). Older age was associated with greater present-oriented time perspective, and present-oriented time perspective was associated with greater savoring and mindfulness which, in turn, were associated with better emotional well-being. Alternative models were tested, but did not significantly improve model fit. Findings suggest that there may be benefits for younger adults’ well-being if they learned to be more present focused, savor the moment, and be more mindful like older adults. Thus, present-oriented time perspective may be an important factor for healthy aging.

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