scholarly journals Epigenetics as a Mechanism of Developmental Embodiment of Stress, Resilience, and Cardiometabolic Risk Across Generations of Latinx Immigrant Families

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Clausing ◽  
Amy L. Non
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Sociopolitical Climate

Psychosocial stressors can become embodied to alter biology throughout the life course in ways that may have lasting health consequences. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable to high burdens of stress, which have heightened in the current sociopolitical climate. This study is an investigation of how immigration-related stress (IRS) may impact the cardiometabolic risk and epigenetic markers of Latinx immigrant mothers and children in Nashville, TN. We compared stress and resilience factors reported by Latina immigrant mothers and their children (aged 5–13) from two time points spanning the 2016 U.S. presidential election (June 2015–June 2016 baseline, n = 81; March–September 2018 follow-up, n = 39) with cardiometabolic risk markers (BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure). We also analyzed these factors in relation to DNA methylation in saliva of stress-related candidate genes (SLC6A4 and FKBP5), generated via bisulfite pyrosequencing (complete case n's range from 67–72 baseline and 29–31 follow-up) (n's range from 80 baseline to 36 follow-up). We found various associations with cardiometabolic risk, such as higher social support and greater acculturation were associated with lower BMI in mothers; discrimination and school stress associated with greater waist circumferences in children. Very few exposures associated with FKBP5, but various stressors associated with methylation at many sites in SLC6A4, including immigrant-related stress in both mothers and children, and fear of parent deportation in children. Additionally, in the mothers, total maternal stress, health stress, and subjective social status associated with methylation at multiple sites of SLC6A4. Acculturation associated with methylation in mothers in both genes, though directions of effect varied over time. We also find DNA methylation at SLC6A4 associates with measures of adiposity and blood pressure, suggesting that methylation may be on the pathway linking stress with cardiometabolic risk. More research is needed to determine the role of these epigenetic differences in contributing to embodiment of stress across generations.

scholarly journals Relative Weight Gain Through Age 4 Years Is Associated with Increased Adiposity, and Higher Blood Pressure and Insulinemia at 4–5 Years of Age in Mexican Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (7) ◽  
pp. 1135-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonne Ramirez-Silva ◽  
Juan A Rivera ◽  
Belem Trejo-Valdivia ◽  
Aryeh D Stein ◽  
Reynaldo Martorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

AbstractBackgroundRapid early weight gain has been associated with increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic alterations, but evidence in low and middle-income countries is inconclusive.ObjectiveWe evaluated the relation between relative weight gain from 1 to 48 mo with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors at 4–5 y of age, and determined if adiposity is a mediator for cardiometabolic alterations.MethodsWe studied 428 Mexican children with anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) information from birth to 5 y of age from POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplementation and child GRowth And Development), of whom 334 provided measures of adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at 4 y. We estimated relative weight gain by means of conditional weight-for-height z scores for the age intervals 1–6, 6–12, 12–24, and 24–48 mo. Associations between relative weight gain and adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers (lipid profile, triglycerides, insulin, glucose, and BP) were analyzed by multivariate multiple linear models and path analysis.ResultsA 1-unit increase in conditional weight-for-height z score within each age interval was positively associated with adiposity at 5 y, with coefficients of 0.43–0.89 for body mass index (BMI) z score, 1.08–3.65 mm for sum of skinfolds, and 1.21–3.87 cm for abdominal circumference (all P < 0.01). Positive associations were documented from ages 6 to 48 mo with systolic BP (coefficient ranges: 1.19–1.78 mm Hg; all P < 0.05) and from ages 12 to 48 mo with diastolic BP (1.28–0.94 mm Hg; P < 0.05) at 5 y. Conditional weight-for-height z scores at 12–24 and 24–48 mo of age were more strongly associated with adiposity and BP relative to younger ages. A unit increase in conditional weight-for-height z scores from 12 to 24 mo was associated with 14% higher insulin levels (P < 0.05) at 4 y. Path analyses documented that the associations of conditional weight gain with BP were mediated by BMI and sum of skinfolds.ConclusionRelative weight gain at most periods during the first 4 y of life was associated with greater adiposity and higher systolic and diastolic BP at 5 y. These associations with BP were mediated by adiposity. Relative weight gain from 12 to 24 mo was associated with increased serum insulin concentrations at 4 y, but there were no associations with lipid profiles or glucose concentration.

scholarly journals Contributions of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Visceral Adiposity to Six-Year Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Apparently Healthy Men and Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1462-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Rhéaume ◽  
Benoit J. Arsenault ◽  
Marie-Pierre Dumas ◽  
Louis Pérusse ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipid ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Context: Both excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels are associated with a deteriorated cardiometabolic risk profile. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the respective contributions of changes in VAT accumulation vs. changes in CRF to 6-yr longitudinal changes in cardiometabolic risk markers. Design, Settings, and Participants: We conducted a prospective, population-based study with an average follow-up of 5.9 ± 0.8 yr. We followed 132 middle-aged participants from the Quebec Family Study (mean age, 35.3 ± 13.9 yr). VAT was measured by computed tomography, whereas the level of CRF was assessed by a submaximal physical working capacity test at baseline and at follow-up. A complete cardiometabolic risk profile, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin levels, C-reactive protein (n = 72), as well as a standard lipoprotein-lipid profile, was obtained at baseline and at follow-up. Main Outcome Measures: We measured changes in CRF, VAT, and cardiometabolic risk profile over 6 yr. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, 6-yr changes in VAT were negatively correlated with changes in CRF (r = −0.38; P &lt; 0.001). In a multivariate model that included age, sex, changes in VAT, changes in CRF, as well as baseline levels of the above cardiometabolic risk factors, 6-yr changes in VAT were the most important predictor of the change in the metabolic syndrome score (R2 = 13.2%; P &lt; 0.001). Adding 6-yr changes in CRF levels significantly improved the predictability of the model (R2 = 19.7%; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Changes in both VAT and CRF levels observed over 6 yr are associated with changes in parameters of the lipoprotein-lipid profile, glucose-insulin homeostasis, and inflammatory markers. Thus, maintaining a low level of VAT and a high level of CRF are important targets for maintenance of cardiometabolic health.

scholarly journals Long sedentary time is associated with worsened cardiometabolic risk markers among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboma Motuma ◽  
Tesfaye Gobena ◽  
Kedir Teji Roba ◽  
Yemane Berhane ◽  
Alemayehu Worku
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Abstract This study aimed to examine the associations of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk markers among working adults in Eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,200 participants. Data were collected using the World Health Organization NCD STEPS survey instrument, and the sedentary behavior questionnaire. The biochemical parameters were analyzed by using the Mindray BS-200 chemistry analyzer. STATA version 16.1 software was used for analysis. The associations between sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk markers controlling confounders were examined using linear regression models. An adjusted coefficient (β) with the 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to report the results. P-value < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. One hour per day increases in total sedentary time increases the average body mass index (β = 0.61kg/m2: 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71), waist circumference (β = 1.48cm: 95% CI:1.14-1.82), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.87mmHg: 95% CI: 0.56-1.18), systolic blood pressure (β = 0.95mmHg: 95% CI: 0.45, 1.48), triglycerides (β = 7.07mg/dl: 95% CI: 4.01-10.14), total cholesterol (β = 3.52mg/dl: 95% CI: 2.02-5.02), fasting plasma glucose (β = 4.15mg/dl: 95% CI: 5.31-4.98) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 2.14mg/dl: 95% CI: 0.96-3.33). Long sedentary time is significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk markers. Interventions to reduce sedentary time to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases among working adults.

scholarly journals Epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and coronary heart disease: a nested case-control study

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Si ◽  
Songchun Yang ◽  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Canqing Yu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Background: Identifying environmentally responsive genetic loci where DNA methylation is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) may reveal novel pathways or therapeutic targets for CHD. We conducted the first prospective epigenome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in relation to incident CHD in the Asian population.Methods: We did a nested case-control study comprising incident CHD cases and 1:1 matched controls who were identified from the 10-year follow-up of the China Kadoorie Biobank. Methylation level of baseline blood leukocyte DNA was measured by Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip. We performed the single cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) site association analysis and network approach to identify CHD-associated CpG sites and co-methylation gene module.Results: After quality control, 982 participants (mean age 50.1 years) were retained. Methylation level at 25 CpG sites across the genome was associated with incident CHD (genome-wide false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05 or module-specific FDR <0.01). One SD increase in methylation level of identified CpGs was associated with differences in CHD risk, ranging from a 47% decrease to a 118% increase. Mediation analyses revealed 28.5% of the excessed CHD risk associated with smoking was mediated by methylation level at the promoter region of ANKS1A gene (P for mediation effect = 0.036). Methylation level at the promoter region of SNX30 was associated with blood pressure and subsequent risk of CHD, with the mediating proportion to be 7.7% (P = 0.003) via systolic blood pressure and 6.4% (P = 0.006) via diastolic blood pressure. Network analysis revealed a co-methylation module associated with CHD.Conclusions: We identified novel blood methylation alterations associated with incident CHD in the Asian population and provided evidence of the possible role of epigenetic regulations in the smoking- and BP-related pathways to CHD risk.Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81390544 and 91846303). The CKB baseline survey and the first re-survey were supported by a grant from the Kadoorie Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong. The long-term follow-up is supported by grants from the UK Wellcome Trust (202922/Z/16/Z, 088158/Z/09/Z, 104085/Z/14/Z), grant (2016YFC0900500, 2016YFC0900501, 2016YFC0900504, 2016YFC1303904) from the National Key and Program of China, and Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B01).

Abstract 26: DASH-Style Eating Pattern in Early Adolescence Reduces Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn L Moore ◽  
M. Loring Bradlee ◽  
Martha R Singer ◽  
Stephen R Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
The Impact

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factor clustering has its roots in childhood and the presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors in younger populations has been linked with early vascular dysfunction. A DASH-style eating pattern has been shown to reduce blood pressure and other selected cardiometabolic outcomes, primarily in adults, but its role in the development of CMR clustering during adolescence has not been studied. Data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Growth and Health Study (NGHS) will be used to evaluate the relation between early-to-mid adolescent dietary intake and CMR clustering at the end of adolescence. The NGHS began in 1987-1988 with the enrollment of 2,379 adolescent girls (with approximately equal numbers of blacks and whites), ages 9-10 years. Diet was assessed using 3-day diet records during eight of 10 years of follow up. A total of 1,369 girls had complete data on diet, all potential confounding variables, and follow-up over 10 years for all CMR factors of interest. Risk factor clustering scores were created by summing individual CMR outcomes defined as follows: waist circumference ≥88 cm, systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90th percentile for age, sex and height, LDL ≥110 mg/dL, HDL <50 mg/dL, serum TG ≥110mg/dl, and HOMA-IR ≥4. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the impact of a DASH-style pattern on the relative risk (odds ratio) of CMR clustering at the end of adolescence, defined as having ≥ 2 or ≥ 3 of the above risk factors at 18-20 years of age. The proportion of white and black girls with CMR clustering was very similar. However, the types of risk factors differed by race with blacks being nearly twice as likely to have an increased waist size, elevated BP, or insulin resistance and white girls being much more likely to have abnormal lipid levels, particularly elevated triglyceride levels. By the end of adolescence, only 30.1% of girls had no abnormal CMR factors and 34.9% had a single risk factor; 16.6% of girls had two risk factors and 18.4% had between 3-6 prevalent risk factors. Higher intakes of fruit and non-starchy vegetables, dairy, and grains were independently associated with less CMR clustering. After adjusting for age, race, socio-economic status, height, physical activity, and television watching, girls with a DASH-style eating pattern during early-to-mid adolescence were nearly 50% less likely to have three or more CMR factors (O.R.=0.52; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.89) by late adolescence (at 18-20 years of age). These results suggest a DASH-style eating pattern during adolescence, characterized by higher intakes of fruit, non-starchy vegetables, and dairy, may lower risk for the development of subsequent cardiometabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk markers in young Swedish children: a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing different doses of vitamin D supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-786
Author(s):  
Inger Öhlund ◽  
Torbjörn Lind ◽  
Olle Hernell ◽  
Sven-Arne Silfverdal ◽  
Per Liv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Different Doses

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies have linked low vitamin D status to unfavorable cardiometabolic risk markers, but double-blinded vitamin D intervention studies in children are scarce. Objectives The aim was to evaluate the effect of different doses of a vitamin D supplement on cardiometabolic risk markers in young healthy Swedish children with fair and dark skin. Methods Cardiometabolic risk markers were analyzed as secondary outcomes of a double-blind, randomized, milk-based vitamin D intervention trial conducted during late fall and winter in 2 areas of Sweden (latitude 63°N and 55°N, respectively) in both fair- and dark-skinned 5- to 7-y-old children. During the 3-mo intervention, 206 children were randomly assigned to a daily milk-based vitamin D3 supplement of either 10 or 25 µg or placebo (2 µg; only at 55°N). Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, apoB, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed and non–HDL cholesterol calculated at baseline and after the intervention. Results At baseline, serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.194; 95% CI: −0.153, −0.013; and β = −0.187; 95% CI: −0.150, −0.011, respectively). At follow-up, there was no statistically significant difference in any of the cardiometabolic markers between groups. Conclusions We could not confirm any effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum lipids, blood pressure, or CRP in healthy 5- to 7-y-old children. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01741324).

scholarly journals Effects of Berry Anthocyanins on Cognitive Performance, Vascular Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Intervention Studies in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Sanne Ahles ◽  
Peter J. Joris ◽  
Jogchum Plat
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins

Supplementation with anthocyanins, which are a type of flavonoids mainly found in various berries, is hypothesized to be a promising approach to lower the risk of developing cognitive decline. The aim of this systematic review was to provide a comprehensive overview of dietary intervention trials describing effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance in humans, while also addressing potential underlying mechanisms. A total of 1197 articles were identified through a systematic search, and 49 studies reporting effects on cognitive performance (n = 18), vascular function (n = 22), or cardiometabolic risk markers (n = 32) were included. Significant improvements were observed on memory, while some of the studies also reported effects on attention and psychomotor speed or executive function. Vascular function markers such as brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation were also affected and consistent evidence was provided for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on endothelial function. Finally, studies reported improvements in blood pressure, but effects on metabolic risk markers (e.g. carbohydrate and lipid metabolism) were less consistent. In conclusion, this review provides evidence for the beneficial effects of berry anthocyanins on cognitive performance as memory improved. Whether observed anthocyanin-induced improvements in vascular function and blood pressure underlie beneficial effects on cognitive performance warrants further study.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of alcohol consumption in 9778 young adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Würtz ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Mika Tiainen ◽  
Tuulia Tynkkynen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metabolic Signature ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

Background: High alcohol consumption is a major cause of morbidity, yet alcohol is associated with both favourable and adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk markers. We aimed to characterize the associations of usual alcohol consumption with a comprehensive systemic metabolite profile in young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional associations of alcohol intake with 86 metabolic measures were assessed for 9778 individuals from three population-based cohorts from Finland (age 24 45 years, 52% women). Metabolic changes associated with change in alcohol intake during 6-year follow-up were further examined for 1466 individuals. Alcohol intake was assessed by questionnaires. Circulating lipids, fatty acids and metabolites were quantified by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and biochemical assays. Results: Increased alcohol intake was associated with cardiometabolic risk markers across multiple metabolic pathways, including higher lipid concentrations in HDL subclasses and smaller LDL particle size, increased proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased proportion of omega-6 fatty acids, lower concentrations of glutamine and citrate (P<0.001 for 56 metabolic measures). Many metabolic biomarkers displayed U-shaped associations with alcohol consumption. Results were coherent for men and women, consistent across the three cohorts, and similar if adjusting for body mass index, smoking and physical activity. The metabolic changes accompanying change in alcohol intake during follow-up resembled the cross-sectional association pattern (R2=0.83, slope=0.72±0.04). Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is associated with a complex metabolic signature, including aberrations in multiple biomarkers for elevated cardiometabolic risk. The metabolic signature tracks with long-term changes in alcohol consumption. These results elucidate the double-edged effects of alcohol on cardiovascular risk.

Subjective Social Status and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers by Intersectionality of Race/Ethnicity and Sex Among U.S. Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C McClain ◽  
Linda C Gallo ◽  
Josiemer Mattei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Markers ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Background Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships. Purpose To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex. Methods Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24–32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1–10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p &lt; .10) before stratification. Results SSS–race/ethnicity–sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: −1.2 (0.4), p &lt; .05) and BMI (−0.6 [0.2], p &lt; .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p &lt; .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p &lt; .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p &lt; .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p &lt; .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p &lt; .01), versus White, males. Conclusions SSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.

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