scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cigarette Smoking in the Brazilian Youth Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Silveira Brito ◽  
Marina Bessel ◽  
Thayane Dornelles ◽  
Flávia Moreno ◽  
Gerson Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Youth Population

Introduction: The transition from adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral, and social transformations, often including tobacco use. Because understanding smoking at this stage is important for tobacco control, we aimed to analyze the prevalence of cigarette smoking in the Brazilian youth population.Methods: This study included participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capitals. A standardized questionnaire was administered by trained healthcare professionals to collect information about sociodemographic status, sexual behavior, and tobacco use. The samples from each capital were weighted by age range and sex.Results: Of the 8,581 participants, 15.1% were current smokers, and 20.0% were former smokers; the average age at first tobacco use was 15.5 years. The prevalence of smoking in men was higher than that in women (20.1 vs. 10.3%, p < 0.01). Education level was associated with current smoking and former smoking. Participants with an elementary education level had a higher smoking prevalence (PR: 5.84, 95%, CI: 4.29–7.95) than those with a secondary education (PR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.63–2.93) and those with higher education. Those without current partners (PR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03–1.56) also had a higher prevalence of smoking than those with partners, and participants who had a previous same-sex sexual experience smoked more (PR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.78–2.96) than those who did not. In addition, regular use of alcohol was associated with higher prevalence of cigarette smoking (PR: 5.65, 95% CI: 4.03–7.90) than a lack of alcohol consumption. Skin color and socioeconomic class did not exhibit significant relationships with tobacco use patterns.Conclusions: Smoking was associated with education level regardless of social class, and some specific behaviors associated with a same-sex sexual experience were associated with a higher prevalence of smoking. These findings are important for formulating policies and directing actions to combat and prevent smoking among young populations.

scholarly journals 1281Prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among youth population in Brazil: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Brito ◽  
Marina Bessel ◽  
Flávia Moreno ◽  
Natália Kops ◽  
Eliana Wendland
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Homosexual Relationship ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background The transition of adolescence to adulthood involves a variety of physical, behavioral and social transformations including try tobacco product. Understand smoking at this stage is important to tobacco control. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the use of cigarette smoking in Brazilian youth. Methods Nationwide study including participants aged 16 to 25 years from all Brazilian capitals between September/2016-December/2017. A standardized questionnaire with behavioral questions was applied by trained health care professionals. The sample was weighted in each capital by age range and sex. Results Of 8,581 participants (50.8% women), 15.1% were smokers and 20% former smokers. The average age of first use was 15.5 years. Smoking in men was higher than women (20.1% vs. 10.3%, p < 0.001). Those with elementary school smoked twice more compared to high school (25.6% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001). Smoking was also associated to do not have a current partner when compared to those with partner (18.3% vs. 14.1%, p = 0.031), and who have had previous homosexual relationship (30.5%) compared to heterosexual individuals (12.5%, p < 0.001). In addition, smoking was associated to the regular use of alcohol compared to those who do not use (28.1% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). Skin color and social economic class didn’t show significant differences. Conclusions In this study be a man, have low education, a homosexual and alcohol use is associated to smoking among young. These findings are important for creation of policies to combat and prevent smoking in this population. Key message Smoking data among young people is important to direct new heath policies.

scholarly journals Education Level and Cigarette Smoking: Diminished Returns of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
And Bisexual

Background: Education level is one of the strongest protective factors against high-risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking. Minorities’ Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, suggest that the protective effects of education level tend to be weaker for racial and ethnic minority groups relative to non-Hispanic White people. Only two previous studies have shown that MDRs may also apply to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals; however, these studies have focused on outcomes other than tobacco use. Aims: To compare LGB and non-LGB American adults for the effects of education level on cigarette-smoking status. Methods: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH; 2013) entered 31,480 American adults who were either non-LGB (n = 29,303, 93.1%) or LGB (n = 2,177; 6.9%). The independent variable was education level. The dependent variable was current established cigarette smoking. Race, ethnicity, age, gender, poverty status, employment, and region were the covariates. LGB status was the moderator. Results: Overall, individuals with higher education level (odds ratio (OR) = 0.69) had lower odds of current established smoking. We found a significant interaction between LGB status and education level suggesting that the protective effect of education level on smoking status is systemically smaller for LGB people than non-LGB individuals (OR for interaction = 1.19). Conclusions: Similar to the patterns that are shown for racial and ethnic minorities, MDRs can be observed for the effects of education level among sexual minorities. In the United States, highly educated LGB adults remain at high risk of smoking cigarettes, a risk which is disproportionate to their education level. In other terms, high education level better helps non-LGB than LGB individuals to avoid cigarette smoking. The result is a relatively high burden of tobacco use in highly educated LGB individuals.

Epidemiology of Leisure, Transportation, Occupational, and Household Physical Activity: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antonio Florindo ◽  
Vanessa Valente Guimarães ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão Cesar ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
Maria Cecília Goi Porto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Education ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
White Skin ◽  
High Education Level ◽  
Female Sex

Background:To estimate the prevalence of and identify factors associated with physical activity in leisure, transportation, occupational, and household settings.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study aimed at investigating living and health conditions among the population of São Paulo, Brazil. Data on 1318 adults aged 18 to 65 years were used. To assess physical activity, the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a hierarchical model.Results:The greatest prevalence of insufficient activity related to transportation (91.7%), followed by leisure (77.5%), occupational (68.9%), and household settings (56.7%). The variables associated with insufficient levels of physical activity in leisure were female sex, older age, low education level, nonwhite skin color, smoking, and self-reported poor health; in occupational settings were female sex, white skin color, high education level, self-reported poor health, nonsmoking, and obesity; in transportation settings were female sex; and in household settings, with male sex, separated, or widowed status and high education level.Conclusion:Physical activity in transportation and leisure settings should be encouraged. This study will serve as a reference point in monitoring different types of physical activities and implementing public physical activity policies in developing countries.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Social Determinants of Hypertension among Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based National Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Control

Background. Hypertension is the most significant avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality, yet nationally representative adult data on Indonesia have not been available. The study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of hypertension, including sociodemographic variables, weight status, health behaviour, and psychosocial stress and support risk factors. Methods. The Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) interviewed and examined in a national population-based cross-sectional study 29965 individuals aged 18 years and older, mean age 43.3 years (SD=15.3). Blood pressure, body height and weight, dietary behaviour, physical activity, tobacco use, and psychosocial variables were measured. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate determinants of hypertension by gender. Results. The prevalence of hypertension among study participants was 33.4 % (95 % CI: 32.7-34.0), among males 31.0% (95% CI: 30.2, 31.9), and among females 35.4% (95% CI: 34.6, 36.3). Among hypertensives, 42.9% were aware, 11.5% were treated, and 14.3% were controlled. In fully adjusted analyses, in both men and women, older age, no or elementary education, being overweight or obese, and having visited an outpatients health facility in the past 4 weeks were positively associated hypertension. Significant linear relationships of hypertension were found with age (P for trend <0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (P for trend < 0.001). In addition, among men having quit tobacco use and depressive symptoms were positively associated with hypertension, while current tobacco use was negatively associated with hypertension. Moreover, among women lower subjective economic status was associated with hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of hypertension was high and awareness was low, and treatment and control were very low. Significant multilevel public health interventions are urgently needed to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and control of hypertension in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Effect of Company during Academic Years on Habit of Cigarette Smoking among Doctors

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awais Mustafa ◽  
Humaira Zafar ◽  
Shahbano Jawad ◽  
Roman Akram
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Key Words Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Marked Tendency

Abstract Objective:  To assess the effect of company during academic years on the habit of cigarette smoking. Materials and Methods:  This Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in130 doctors from three different hospitals of Lahore. Written consent was taken; participants were questioned about smoking habit. Data was analyzed using SPSS20. Result:  Doctors (all smokers) were questioned about smoking habits. Response rate was 100%. The greatest percentage of Doctors started smoking due to influence of friends and family (65%). Majority of them stayed in private hostels (58%) and flats (29%) during their academic years. These doctors showed greater tendency towards smoking than the doctors that stayed with their family/children (15%). Conclusion:  Our results showed a marked tendency of tobacco smoking in doctors living without their families/children in Lahore. Majorities have the smokers in their friend’s circle and had started smoking under influence of them. Doctors who lived in private flats/hostels showed increase in tobacco use than who lived in the houses. Key words:  Cigarette smoking, Hostelites, Smokers in friends and family.

scholarly journals Physical domestic violence trauma among women referred to the emergency department of imam khomeini hospital, urmia, iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trauma Severity

Introduction: Domestic violence is the most common form of violence against women that has negative effects on the health of the mother, children, family, and society. This study aimed to evaluate the trauma caused by physical violence in women referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on women referred to the Emergency Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran, with trauma in the First quarter of 2016. The patient files were used to collect the required data. Subsequently, the obtained data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 18) through the chi-square test (P<0.001) Results: In total, 1746 women with trauma were referred to the Emergency Department in the First quarter of 2016, 38 of whom reported physical domestic violence. The mean age of the women was 37.57±5.54 years; moreover, 16 (42.1%) cases had elementary education, and 20 (52.6%) women were urban dwellers. Regarding the marital status, 33(86.8%)women were married. Considering the relationship between trauma severity and demographic characteristics, only education level showed a correlation with trauma severity. In total 14 (36.8%) and 11 (29%) cases had mild and severe traumas, respectively. Furthermore, the most injured parts were the limbs (n=16; 42.1%). Conclusion: The results showed a significant increase in the severity of trauma in women with lower education levels. Accordingly, improvements in the level of education may decrease the prevalence and severity of physical domestic violence, which requires appropriate planning to increase women's education level.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco use and Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from Kong Cohort Study in the South of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Dadipoor ◽  
Abdul Azim Nejatizade ◽  
Hossein Farshidi ◽  
Abdullah gharibzade ◽  
Teamer Aghamolaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
Second Hand Smoking

Abstract Background: Tobacco use (TU) has been increasing in Iran and turned into a major national healthcare concern. Thus, the present research aimed to explore the prevalence of TU and its predictors in Bandar-e-Kong in the south of Iran. Methods: The baseline data from Kong cohort study (KCS) were used in a prospective study of 4,035, 40-70 year old subjects in Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province between 2016 and 2018. Adjusted and crude odds ratios (OR) were used at 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the predictors of TU.Results: Hookah smoking (HS) showed to be the most prevalent type of smoking (17.60%, 95% CI: 16.41-18.78%). Only next was second-hand smoking (17%, 95% CI: 15.81-18.14%) followed by cigarette smoking (9%, 95% CI: 8.11-9.89%). Age, gender, education, alcohol consumption and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) were the main predictors of cigarette and hookah smoking. Marital status, place of residence and psychological problems were the only predictors of HS (OR=.1.65, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.45, p=.01), BMI (OR=.95, 95% CI: .93, .98, p=.002) and drug abuse (OR=4.52, 95% CI: 3.11, 6.55, p<.001) were the only predictors of cigarette smoking. Conclusions: Masculinity, higher age, rural residence, low education, alcohol consumption, drugs, second-hand smoking and history of depression were among the main risk factors of smoking behavior. The results indicated a considerable need for more educational and preventive programs for each risk factor involved in smoking behavior especially for HS, exposure to ETS and its consequences in Kong population.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent boys of Srinagar: a school based cross sectional Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
Hina Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Salim Khan ◽  
Irfan Nazir Mir ◽  
Ruqia Qaunsar ◽  
Mohsina Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Current Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based

Background: Tobacco use is one biggest health hazards in the world posing various physical and psychosocial risks. At a moment the spread of tobacco use is growing at fast rate in the adolescents, who are the future of the country. However, little information is known about the magnitude of tobacco use in adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of cigarette smoking among adolescents of Srinagar city.Methods: This school based cross sectional study was conducted from June 2015 to March 2017 in 20 high schools selected randomly from public and private sectors. Students (boys only) [n=1200] from grade 9-12, in the age limit of 13-19 were included in the study. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire that is adapted from global youth tobacco survey questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were made using logistic regression on SPSS version 20.0 software in order to predict factors associated with tobacco use. Results: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adolescent boys was found to be 29% ever smokers, and 23% current smokers. In addition, more than half [60.8%] of adolescents were exposed to tobacco smoke from others in public places. In the multivariate analysis parent smoking, peer smoking, exposure to movie with actors smoking, not being exposed to anti-smoking media messages, not discussing in the class about danger of smoking, were significantly associated with current cigarette smoking among adolescents. Conclusions: The prevalence rate is increasing in its spread, exposure to environmental tobacco exposure is widespread. Moreover adolescents should be enriched with the knowledge on the dangers of tobacco use. 

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with repeated voluntary termination of pregnancy in Tuscany, Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Napolitani ◽  
L Kundisova ◽  
A Serafini ◽  
D Lenzi ◽  
G Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
State Education ◽  
Voluntary Termination

Abstract Introduction In Italy, voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP) was introduced in 1978 with law n°194, it guarantees autonomy of choice and avoids the practice of unsafe abortions, health complications and death. The aim of this work was to analyse variables associated with repeated VTP. Methods A cross-sectional study was realized, with data relative to VTP acquired in the period 2016-2018 in Tuscany South-East area (Italy). Data on age, nationality, civil state, education level and n° of living children were extracted from the information system in April 2019. A descriptive analysis was conducted using Stata. Results The sample consisted of 3451 females (65% Italian). The average age was 31.1±7.3 years. The majority of females (53%) had medium-high education level (non-Italian females had more frequently low education level: 48% vs. 28%, chi-2; p&lt;0.001). The 57% were unmarried, mostly Italian (64% vs. 43%). The majority (62%) already had child (26% one, 36% two or more). Females with repeated VTP represented 25% and were significantly older (32.1 ±6.4 vs. 30.7±7.6; p&lt;0.001). The non-Italian females (OR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.8-2.6; p&lt;0.001) and females that already have children (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 2.02-2.9; p&lt;0.001) had higher probability of having a VTP in the past. The multivariate analysis showed lower probability of repeated VTP for married women (OR = 0.49; 95%CI 0.42-0.64) and women with higher education level in confrontation to those with an elementary education (OR = 0.3; 95%CI 0.18-0.62). The variables associated with higher probability of VTP were age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01-1.04), nationality (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.7-2.4) and children (OR = 2.4; 95%CI 1.9-3). Conclusions Females with repeated VTP were older, have already children and were more frequently of non-Italian nationality. The reduction of VTP should be one of major objectives of public health as in has negative consequences on women’s health. The targeted public health intervention could be a solution of this situation. Key messages Females with multiple VTP were older, already had children and were more frequently of non-Italian nationality. Targeted public health interventions could be effective in reducing the number of VTP.

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