scholarly journals The Fitness Barometer: A Best Practice Example for Monitoring Motor Performance With Pooled Data Collected From Practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Eberhardt ◽  
Klaus Bös ◽  
Claudia Niessner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Motor Performance (MP) in children is an important resource for their future active lifestyle and health. Monitoring of MP is crucial to derive information of trends and to implement specific programs on the base of current MP levels. A variety of MP assessment tools exist, making it difficult to determine a “gold-standard” for assessment and to compare the findings. In Germany, the German Motor Test 6–18 (GMT 6–18) and Kinderturntest Plus 3–10 (KITT+ 3–10) are widely used MP assessment tools. The aim of this paper is to show which key questions can be answered within the context of a best practice example of a MP assessment tool and what can be derived from this for a practical application (the Fitness Barometer).Methods: The raw data of the Fitness Barometer was collected with the MP assessment tools GMT 6–18 and KITT+ 3–10 from 2012 through 2020. Data was pooled anonymously with the e-Research infrastructure MO|REdata and categorized into percentiles for MP and BMI. Overall, we included data of 23,864 children for the statistical analyses. T-tests for independent samples, percentage frequency analysis, descriptive statistics (chi- square-test) and single analysis of variance were conducted.Results and Discussion: Children tested reached a mean value of 57.03 (SD = 18.85). Of the sample, 12.7% children were overweight or obese and there is a significant difference between age groups [χ(4)2 = 178.62, p < 0.001, Cramer V = 0.09; n = 23.656]. The relationship between BMI category and mean value of MP was significant [F(4,19,523) = 224.81, p < 0.001]. During 2020, the year of the COVID-19 pandemic, mean value of endurance and speed decreased [Welch's F(1,573) = 8.08, p = 0.005; Welch's F(1,610) = 35.92, p < 0.001]. The GMT 6–18 and KITT+ 3–10 are valid, objective, reliable, and economic MP assessment tools for monitoring MP levels and derive added practical value. Specific programs and interventions should focus on the findings of these. The Fitness Barometer is a best practice example how a standardized assessment tool of monitoring MP point to trends on which practical evidence-based suggestions can be derived with many various partners and expertise.

scholarly journals Maximum bite force in relation to maximum mouth opening among primary school children

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athraa H Medhat ◽  
Aseel H Al Haidar
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Masticatory System

Background: The vertical distance between the upper and lower incisal edge of the central incisors when the mouth is opened as wide as possible is called maximum mouth opening (MMO). Any pathological change in the masticatory system had a direct effect on the maximal mouth opening. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the maximum bite force and the maximum mouth opening among group of children. Materials and methods: Four hundred children of both genders were included in this study, their age ranged from eight to ten years. Anterior and posterior (right, left) bite force were measured using bite force sensor. Maximum mouth opening was evaluated by electronic digital caliper. Data was statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics and by using paired t‑test and Chi‑square test. Results: The value of Maximum mouth opening was increased with the increasing of age in both genders; however, boys had higher value of Maximum Mouth opening than that of girls. A significant difference was found between genders among 9 years old children concerning the maximum bite force. A weak positive relation was observed between Maximum mouth opening and Maximum Bite Force among the boys in both of the age groups. Conclusions: In this study, a significant positive correlation was found between Maximum bite force and Maximum Mouth opening for boys, as they had higher mean value of maximum mouth opening and maximum bite force than girls.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽  
Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽  
Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽  
Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽  
Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Central Incisor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Maxillary Central Incisor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Related to Working Status of Dental Hygienists in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Hiroko Miura ◽  
Rumi Tano ◽  
Katsuo Oshima ◽  
Yoshie Usui
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Working Status

The super-aged society of Japan is experiencing an increased demand for dental hygienists, of which there is currently a shortage. This study aimed to investigate the factors related to the working status of dental hygienists in Japan. We conducted a survey by mailing a questionnaire on employment to 1444 dental hygienists and obtained 537 valid responses. We conducted a bivariate analysis using either a chi-square test or t-test as well as a multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the factors related to working status. The overall employment rate was 68.2%, with a significant difference between age groups (p < 0.01). Approximately 80% of respondents considered working hours and human relations at the workplace to be important, and more than 70% of respondents considered wages as important. Finally, the following four variables were found to be significantly associated with employment status: training course attendance, a desire to work full-time, consideration of wages as important, and consideration of working hours as important. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve working conditions and environments, including wages and working hours, as well as provide a more robust system of continued professional development for dental hygienists to increase the workforce.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralization in School Children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3570-3576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouf S. Al-Hammad ◽  
Mohammed Al-Dhubaiban ◽  
Latifa Alhowaish ◽  
Lanre L. Bello
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate molar-incisor-hypomineralization (MIH) prevalence, clinical characteristics, and severity amongst school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: Randomly selected, healthy third- and fourth-grade students (aged 8–10 years) attending elementary schools in Riyadh, and children of the same age attending dental clinics at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, were examined for the presence of MIH, its clinical characteristics, and severity. Results: The sample studied consisted of 924 children, 447 (48.4%) of whom were boys. There were 376 children, (199 females and 177 males), with at least 2 index teeth affected (prevalence = 40.7%). A total of 133 (35.4%) had only molar hypomineralization (MH), whereas 243 (64.6%) had molars and incisors involved (MIH). The mean number of affected teeth per child was 6.6 ±3.6 (3.3 for molars and 3.2 for incisors). The chi-Square test showed no association between the distribution of hypomineralization and age (P = 0.115). Children with severe hypomineralization predominated across all age groups, with the 10-year-old group having more severely affected children (71.9%)  compared to 8- and 9-year-old groups (P = 0.000).  Proportional t-test showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between males and females in the occurrence of MH or MIH, and in the severity of the hypomineralization. Upper molars were more affected than lower molars, whilst upper incisors were more affected than lower incisors. Conclusion: Enamel hypomineralization is a common feature in the dentition of 8–10-year-old children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. There is no association with age and no gender predilection.  

scholarly journals Association of MTR A2756G Gene Polymorphism with Risk of Head and Neck Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Aamer Ali Khattak ◽  
Erum Monis ◽  
Sana Gul
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Objective: To perform genotyping for MTR A2756G polymorphism and identification of risk factors associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study Design: Cross section, comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry of Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad from October 2014 to August 2015. Materials and Methods: In this study, 292 diagnosed patients HNSCC and 324 normal individuals without any history of cancer were enrolled. Blood samples of patients and controls were collected in ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) and DNA was extracted using conventional method. All samples were genotyped for the MTR A2756G polymorphism using PCR-RFLP. Frequency of polymorphism was compared between HNSCC patients andcontrols. MultipleLogisticRegression(MLR)andchi-squaretestwasperformedtoexaminetheassociation of MTR A2756G polymorphism with risk factor. Results: Chi-square test of independence showed statistically significant difference among the variables of age, smoking and MTR A2756G genotype (p-value<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (adjusted OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.3 – 6.0), age groups 41 – 50 years (adjusted OR, 3.6; 95% CI, .9 – 6.7) and > 60 years (adjusted OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.7 – 7.3), MTR 2756 AG genotype (adjusted OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3 – 3.5) is associated with increased risk of HNSCC. Conclusion: The results suggest that the genetic polymorphism MTR A2756G is associated with the occurrence of HNSCC in the Pakistani population while the individuals between 40 to 50 years of age and those who are smokers are at a greater risk of developing HNSCC.

scholarly journals Study on sustainable livelihoods of fishers from Chalan beel, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-114
Author(s):  
SM Rezaul Karim ◽  
KM Abdul Halim ◽  
Md Asek Uddin ◽  
Most Farida Yeasmin ◽  
KM Hasanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Household Heads

An assessment was carried out to observe the impacts of fish sanctuary on the livelihoods from fishers of Ruhul beel and Bamonji beel under Chalan beel in Pabna district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from selected sanctuary sites with prepared and pretested questionnaire and analyzed through statistical tests like ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), regression, correlation, Chi-square were used to identify the relationships between variables and significant differences/association among them. From physical capital point of view, it was found that 91.3% of fishermen’s houses were katcha, 6.52% were semi-pacca, and only 2.17% were pucca in case of Ruhul beel and in case of Bamonji beel 90.54% of fishermen’s houses were katcha, 8.11% were semi-pacca, and only 1.35% were pacca. There was no significant variation (ANOVA; P>0.05, Chi Square test; non-significant at 0.05 level) among the residences by well-being. From human capital, average age of the household heads (HHH) was 37.95(±) 1.354 for Ruhul beel respectively, whereas for Bamonji beel the average age were 38.05(±) 1.064. The medium aged group fishermen were dominant in Ruhul beel than Bamonji beel. There were no significant difference (P>0.05) found between the age groups by well-being. From income capital it was observed highest part of income were come from fishing contributing 64.89% (653.72±128.82 US$), 43.58% (431.89±74.66 US$) for Ruhul beel and Bamonji beel respectively. As per as natural and social capital, average used land holding was 0.274±0.136 ranging 0.065 ha to 0.534 ha for Ruhul beel and 0.228±0.305 ha ranging 0.040 to 0.267 ha for Bamonji beel. The average land holdings did not vary significantly (P>0.05) between the sites. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5 (3), 100-114

scholarly journals A habilidade motora de chute: relações entre experiência, sexo e estágio motor (La habilidad motora de pateo: relaciones entre experiencia, sexo y etapa motriz) (The motor skill of kicking: relations between experience, sex and motor stage)

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Manoella Michel Kucharski ◽  
Ednaldo Da Silva Pereira Filho ◽  
Jesus Molina Saorin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Motor Experience ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Qualitative Test ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Resumo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar e discutir as relações entre experiências motoras, sexo e estágio motor. A pesquisa é um estudo de caráter quanti-qualitativo com amostra probabilística composta por 140 alunos de sete a 10 anos. Nesta pesquisa participaram 72 meninos e 68 meninas com média de idade de 8.57 e um desvio padrão de 1.08. A coleta dos dados motores deu-se a partir do teste qualitativo descrito pelos autores Gallahue e Ozmun (2005). O movimento avaliado é a habilidade motora de chute e a sua classificação deu-se de acordo com os estágios motores (inicial, elementar e madura). Os dados sobre experiência motora foram coletados através de um questionário sobre a rotina diária dos participantes. Ambos instrumentos aplicados nesse estudo foram anteriormente validados pelo Método Delphy. Para a análise foi utilizado o teste de qui quadrado (associação de variáveis p≤ .05) sobre as categorias: experiência motora, sexo e estágios motores. Encontramos diferença significativa entre as categorias sexo e estágio motor. O presente estudo revelou uma defasagem motora demonstrada pelos baixos índices de proficiência do movimento. Os dados também apontaram para um desempenho motor mais eficaz do sexo masculino. Sendo assim, é importante repensar de que maneira se está desenvolvendo o estímulo e orientação motora (direcionada ou não) entre ambos os sexos em espaços onde eles vivenciam suas essas experiências. Resumen. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y discutir las relaciones entre las experiencias motoras, el sexo y la etapa motriz. La investigación es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo con una muestra probabilística compuesta por 140 estudiantes entre siete y 10 años. Participaron del estudio 72 niños y 68 niñas, la edad promedio fue 8.57 años con una desviación estándar de 1.08. La recopilación de datos motores se basó en la prueba cualitativa descrita por los autores Gallahue y Ozmun (2005). El movimiento evaluado es la habilidad motora de pateo y su clasificación se realizó de acuerdo con las etapas motrices (inicial, elemental y madura). Los datos sobre la experiencia motora se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario sobre la rutina diaria de los participantes. Ambos instrumentos aplicados en este estudio fueron previamente validados por el Método Delphy. La prueba de chi cuadrado (asociación de variables p≤ .05) fue utilizada para el análisis de las categorías: experiencia motora, sexo y etapas motrices. Si encontró una diferencia significativa entre las categorías de sexo y etapa motora. El presente estudio reveló un retraso motor demostrado por los bajos niveles de dominio del movimiento. Los datos también apuntan a un rendimiento motor masculino más efectivo. Por lo tanto, es importante replantear cómo se está desarrollando la estimulación y orientación motriz (dirigida o no) entre ambos sexos en los espacios donde experimentan estas experiencias. Abstract. The present study aimed to analyze and discuss the relationships between motor experiences, sex and motor stage. The research is a quantitative and qualitative study with a probabilistic sample composed of 140 students aged seven to 10 years. The 72 boys and 68 girls have participated in this research with an average age of 8.57 and whit a standard deviation 1.08. The collection of motor data was based on the qualitative test described by the authors Gallahue and Ozmun (2005). The evaluated movement is the kicking motor skill and its classification was made according to the motor stages (initial, elementary and mature). Data on motor experience were collected through a questionnaire about the participants' daily routine. Both instruments applied in this study were previously validated by the Delphy Method. The chi square test (association of variables p≤ .05) was used for the analysis on the categories: motor experience, sex and motor stages. We found a significant difference between the sex and motor stage categories. The present study revealed a motor lag demonstrated by the low levels of movement proficiency. The data also pointed to a more effective male motor performance. Therefore, it is important to rethink how motor stimulation and orientation (directed or not) is developing between both sexes in spaces where they experience these experiences.

scholarly journals URETHROCUTANEOUS FISTULA FOLLOWING SNODGRASS VERSUS TWO STAGE AIVAR BRACKA REPAIR OF DISTAL PENILE HYPOSPADIAS IN MALE CHILDREN: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Ullah Shah ◽  
Huma Gul ◽  
Rashid Khan ◽  
Muhammad Marwat
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Urethrocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
And Control

Background: Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the urethra with the prevalence of 1 in 200-300 live male births. The objective of this trial was to compare the frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula between Snodgrass and two staged Aivar Bracka repair of distal penile hypospadias in male children. Material & Methods: This RCT was conducted in Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st June 2013 to 31st May 2014. 64 male patients were randomly allocated to two surgical procedures, 32 to experimental (Snodgrass) group and 32 to control (two stage Aivar Bracka) group. Age in years, age groups and presence of urethrocutaneous fistula were variables. Age in years was analyzed by mean, SD and range and other variables by count and percentage. McNemar chi-square test was applied to see the significance of difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula at alpha 0.05. Results: Mean age in experimental (Snodgross) group was 6.74 years±1.26 & in control (Aivar Bracka) group 6.71 years ±1.29. The urethrocutaneous fistula was present in three (9.38%, 80% CI 2.77-15.99%) cases in experimental (Snodgross) group and in six (18.75%, 80% CI 9.91-27.59%) cases in control (Aivar Bracka) group. McNemar chi-square test showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula. Conclusion: The results are comparable for Snodgrass repair and two stage Aivar Bracka repair for distal penile hypospadias in male children in terms of frequency of urethrocutaneous fistula in our population.

scholarly journals Root Parallelism of Canine and Second Premolar in Preadjusted and Standard Edgewise Systems: A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-81
Author(s):  
Morteza Oshagh ◽  
Shahla Momeni Danaei ◽  
Ahmadreza Sardarian ◽  
Abbas Alipour ◽  
Mehdi Roeinpeykar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Extraction Site ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Movement ◽  
Panoramic Views

Background and Aims: One of the main goals of standard orthodontic treatment is having the roots of teeth adjacent to extraction sites parallel to each other. The purpose of this study was to compare standard edgewise and preadjusted straight wire (MBT) methods in achieving this goal.Materials and Methods: For comparing root parallelism, 228 maxillary quadrants and 225 mandibular quadrants of 127 patients in whom 1st premolar had been extracted during orthodontic treatment plan were evaluated. On pre and post-treatment panoramic views long axis of canines and 2nd premolars of each quadrant were traced and the angulations between them were measured to assess root parallelism. For comparing mean value of angulations measured in post-treatmentviews between MBT and SEW method, independent T-test and for comparing root parallelism of canines and 2nd premolars Chi-square test was used.Results: Evaluating root movement and root parallelism of maxillary and mandibular canines and 2nd premolars did not show any statistically significant difference between treatment groups. (P> 0.05)Conclusion: There is no difference between 2 methods of MBT and standard edgewise in achieving favorable root parallelism of teeth adjacent to extraction site. If each of these methods is used properly good root parallelism can be achieved in most of the cases.

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