A Comprehensive Review on the Optical Micro-Electromechanical Sensors for the Biomedical Application

This study presented an overview of current developments in optical micro-electromechanical systems in biomedical applications. Optical micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) is a particular class of MEMS technology. It combines micro-optics, mechanical elements, and electronics, called the micro-opto electromechanical system (MOEMS). Optical MEMS comprises sensing and influencing optical signals on micron-level by incorporating mechanical, electrical, and optical systems. Optical MEMS devices are widely used in inertial navigation, accelerometers, gyroscope application, and many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to its miniaturised size, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, affordability, and lightweight characteristic, it can be easily integrated into the human body with a suitable design. This study presented a comprehensive review of 140 research articles published on photonic MEMS in biomedical applications that used the qualitative method to find the recent advancement, challenges, and issues. The paper also identified the critical success factors applied to design the optimum photonic MEMS devices in biomedical applications. With the systematic literature review approach, the results showed that the key design factors could significantly impact design, application, and future scope of work. The literature of this paper suggested that due to the flexibility, accuracy, design factors efficiency of the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, the demand has been increasing for various photonic devices. Except for FBG sensing devices, other sensing systems such as optical ring resonator, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and photonic crystals are used, which still show experimental stages in the application of biosensing. Due to the requirement of sophisticated fabrication facilities and integrated systems, it is a tough choice to consider the other photonic system. Miniaturisation of complete FBG device for biomedical applications is the future scope of work. Even though there is a lot of experimental work considered with an FBG sensing system, commercialisation of the final FBG device for a specific application has not been seen noticeable progress in the past.

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Keratin: dissolution, extraction and biomedical application

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/c7bm00411g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 1699-1735 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Amin Shavandi ◽

Tiago H. Silva ◽

Adnan A. Bekhit ◽

Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Comprehensive Review

A comprehensive review that compared the properties of keratin extracted by different extraction methods and investigated keratin suitability for biomedical applications.

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Biomedical application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as delivery systems: a biological safety perspective

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/d0tb01868f ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (43) ◽

pp. 9863-9876

Author(s):

Sepanta Hosseinpour ◽

Laurence J. Walsh ◽

Chun Xu

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Biological Safety

A comprehensive review on the biosafety of mesoporous silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications.

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Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190705155854 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (38) ◽

pp. 6834-6850 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽

Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽

Abdurahman Essa ◽

Sidi A. Bencherif ◽

Adnan Memic

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Gene Delivery ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Drug And Gene Delivery ◽

Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

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Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: Progresses and Challenges

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867327666200303102859 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (28) ◽

pp. 4622-4646 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Huayu Liu ◽

Kun Liu ◽

Xiao Han ◽

Hongxiang Xie ◽

Chuanling Si ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Wound Dressings ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Tissue Scaffold ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Mechanical Methods

Background: Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs) are natural nanomaterials with nanometer dimensions. Compared with ordinary cellulose, CNFs own good mechanical properties, large specific surface areas, high Young's modulus, strong hydrophilicity and other distinguishing characteristics, which make them widely used in many fields. This review aims to introduce the preparation of CNFs-based hydrogels and their recent biomedical application advances. Methods: By searching the recent literatures, we have summarized the preparation methods of CNFs, including mechanical methods and chemical mechanical methods, and also introduced the fabrication methods of CNFs-based hydrogels, including CNFs cross-linked with metal ion and with polymers. In addition, we have summarized the biomedical applications of CNFs-based hydrogels, including scaffold materials and wound dressings. Results: CNFs-based hydrogels are new types of materials that are non-toxic and display a certain mechanical strength. In the tissue scaffold application, they can provide a micro-environment for the damaged tissue to repair and regenerate it. In wound dressing applications, it can fit the wound surface and protect the wound from the external environment, thereby effectively promoting the healing of skin tissue. Conclusion: By summarizing the preparation and application of CNFs-based hydrogels, we have analyzed and forecasted their development trends. At present, the research of CNFs-based hydrogels is still in the laboratory stage. It needs further exploration to be applied in practice. The development of medical hydrogels with high mechanical properties and biocompatibility still poses significant challenges.

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Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200430005827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Singh ◽

Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽

Rishabha Malviya

Keyword(s):

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Size Range ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽

Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

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Functionalization of Gold Nanostars with Cationic β-Cyclodextrin-Based Polymer for Drug Co-Loading and SERS Monitoring

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 261

Author(s):

Orlando Donoso-González ◽

Lucas Lodeiro ◽

Álvaro E. Aliaga ◽

Miguel A. Laguna-Bercero ◽

Soledad Bollo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Colloidal Stability ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Gold Nanostars ◽

Raman Optical Activity ◽

Cationic Group ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Stability Limits ◽

Zeta Potential Analysis

Gold nanostars (AuNSs) exhibit modulated plasmon resonance and have a high SERS enhancement factor. However, their low colloidal stability limits their biomedical application as a nanomaterial. Cationic β-cyclodextrin-based polymer (CCD/P) has low cytotoxicity, can load and transport drugs more efficiently than the corresponding monomeric form, and has an appropriate cationic group to stabilize gold nanoparticles. In this work, we functionalized AuNSs with CCD/P to load phenylethylamine (PhEA) and piperine (PIP) and evaluated SERS-based applications of the products. PhEA and PIP were included in the polymer and used to functionalize AuNSs, forming a new AuNS-CCD/P-PhEA-PIP nanosystem. The system was characterized by UV–VIS, IR, and NMR spectroscopy, TGA, SPR, DLS, zeta potential analysis, FE-SEM, and TEM. Additionally, Raman optical activity, SERS analysis and complementary theoretical studies were used for characterization. Minor adjustments increased the colloidal stability of AuNSs. The loading capacity of the CCD/P with PhEA-PIP was 95 ± 7%. The physicochemical parameters of the AuNS-CCD/P-PhEA-PIP system, such as size and Z potential, are suitable for potential biomedical applications Raman and SERS studies were used to monitor PhEA and PIP loading and their preferential orientation upon interaction with the surface of AuNSs. This unique nanomaterial could be used for simultaneous drug loading and SERS-based detection.

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Cryogenic Exfoliation of 2D Stanene Nanosheets for Cancer Theranostics

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-021-00619-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiang Ouyang ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Leijiao Li ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Zhongmin Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Density Functional ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽

Free Electrons ◽

Functional Theory ◽

New Approach ◽

New Type ◽

Average Size ◽

Cancer Theranostics

Abstract Stanene (Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life, but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored, which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials. Herein, we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional (2D) Sn nanosheets (SnNSs). The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of ~ 100 nm and a thickness of ~ 5.1 nm. After PEGylation, the resulting PEGylated SnNSs (SnNSs@PEG) exhibited good stability, superior biocompatibility, and excellent photothermal performance, which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging (fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer. Furthermore, we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs, revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal. This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics. This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.

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Topographical and Biomechanical Guidance of Electrospun Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2896

Author(s):

Sara Ferraris ◽

Silvia Spriano ◽

Alessandro Calogero Scalia ◽

Andrea Cochis ◽

Lia Rimondini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Electrospun Fibers ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Polymeric Fibers ◽

Biological Phenomena ◽

Proper Design ◽

Synthetic And Natural Polymers ◽

Selection Of

Electrospinning is gaining increasing interest in the biomedical field as an eco-friendly and economic technique for production of random and oriented polymeric fibers. The aim of this review was to give an overview of electrospinning potentialities in the production of fibers for biomedical applications with a focus on the possibility to combine biomechanical and topographical stimuli. In fact, selection of the polymer and the eventual surface modification of the fibers allow selection of the proper chemical/biological signal to be administered to the cells. Moreover, a proper design of fiber orientation, dimension, and topography can give the opportunity to drive cell growth also from a spatial standpoint. At this purpose, the review contains a first introduction on potentialities of electrospinning for the obtainment of random and oriented fibers both with synthetic and natural polymers. The biological phenomena which can be guided and promoted by fibers composition and topography are in depth investigated and discussed in the second section of the paper. Finally, the recent strategies developed in the scientific community for the realization of electrospun fibers and for their surface modification for biomedical application are presented and discussed in the last section.

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Coplanar waveguide-fed ISM band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna for biomedical applications

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078713000883 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Srinivasan Ashok Kumar ◽

Thangavelu Shanmuganantham

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Coplanar Waveguide ◽

Impedance Matching ◽

High Gain ◽

Slot Antenna ◽

Center Frequency ◽

Ism Band ◽

High Data ◽

Implantable Antenna

A novel coplanar waveguide fed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna is proposed for biomedical applications. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 2450 MHz, which is in ISM band, to support GHz wideband communication for high-data rate implantable biomedical application. The size of the antenna is 78 mm3 (10 mm × 12 mm × 0.65 mm). The simulated and measured bandwidths are 7.9 and 8.2% at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The specific absorption rate distribution induced by the implantable antenna inside a human body tissue model is evaluated. The communication between the implanted antenna and external device is also examined. The proposed antenna has substantial merits such as miniaturization, lower return loss, better impedance matching, and high gain over other implanted antennas.

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Recent Advances in Zwitterionic Hydrogels: Preparation, Property, and Biomedical Application

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels8010046 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Sihang Liu ◽

Jingyi Tang ◽

Fangqin Ji ◽

Weifeng Lin ◽

Shengfu Chen

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Human Environment ◽

The Past ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Nonspecific Protein Adsorption ◽

Anionic Groups

Nonspecific protein adsorption impedes the sustainability of materials in biologically related applications. Such adsorption activates the immune system by quick identification of allogeneic materials and triggers a rejection, resulting in the rapid failure of implant materials and drugs. Antifouling materials have been rapidly developed in the past 20 years, from natural polysaccharides (such as dextran) to synthetic polymers (such as polyethylene glycol, PEG). However, recent studies have shown that traditional antifouling materials, including PEG, still fail to overcome the challenges of a complex human environment. Zwitterionic materials are a class of materials that contain both cationic and anionic groups, with their overall charge being neutral. Compared with PEG materials, zwitterionic materials have much stronger hydration, which is considered the most important factor for antifouling. Among zwitterionic materials, zwitterionic hydrogels have excellent structural stability and controllable regulation capabilities for various biomedical scenarios. Here, we first describe the mechanism and structure of zwitterionic materials. Following the preparation and property of zwitterionic hydrogels, recent advances in zwitterionic hydrogels in various biomedical applications are reviewed.

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