scholarly journals Fitness and Performance Testing of Male and Female Beach Soccer Players—A Preliminary Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte N. Larsen ◽  
Georgios Ermidis ◽  
João Brito ◽  
Cecilie Ørner ◽  
Clarice Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance

Purpose: This study aimed to compare performance on sand and a firm surface and to describe the physical capacity of male and female beach soccer players.Methods: Sixty-six male and 29 female competitive beach soccer players voluntarily participated in this study. Firstly, within-subjects test scores were compared to scores on a firm surface (criterion validity; n = 15 men) and reconducted on a second occasion (reliability; n = 51 men). Secondly, the best score on sand was retained to compare test performance between ages (classified as below 20, 20–30, and above 30 years) and sexes. Performance assessments included sprint time over 5 and 15 m (once on a firm surface and twice on sand), standing long jump (SLJ, once on a firm surface and twice on sand) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1, once on a firm surface and once on sand; only data for men were available).Results: Five-m sprint and Yo-Yo IR1 performance on sand were not correlated to performance on a firm surface (P > 0.05). Test-retest reliability was acceptable for the 15-m sprint and SLJ tests (ICC > 0.90; CV < 5%). Performance in 15-m sprint and maximal sprinting speed were moderately lower in male players aged above 30 years. compared to players aged below 30 years (d = 0.35–0.42; P < 0.05). Irrespective of the age group, weight-bearing power-based performance mass was moderately to very largely higher in male players than in female players (d = 0.42–0.88; P < 0.05).Conclusions: The lack of a consistent relationship between performance on sand and on a firm surface might indicate the need to develop specific test batteries for sand-based athletes. Age-related differences in physical performance were evident only in sprint capacity. Further studies are warranted to elucidate our preliminary findings and to develop the sand specific tests.

Dietary and Performance Assessment of Elite Soccer Players during a Period of Intense Training

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
JesÚs Rico-Sanz ◽  
Walter R. Frontera ◽  
Paul A. Molé ◽  
Miguel A. Rivera ◽  
Anita Rivera-Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Intense Training ◽  
And Performance

This study examined the nutritional and performance status of elite soccer players during intense training. Eight male players (age 17 ± 2 years) of the Puerto Rican Olympic Team recorded daily activities and food intake over 12 days. Daily energy expenditure was 3,833 ± 571 (SD) kcal, and energy intake was 3,952 ± 1,071 kcal, of which 53.2 ± 6.2% (8.3 g ⋅ kg BW−1) was from carbohydrates (CHO), 32.4 ± 4.0% from fat, and 14.4 ± 2.3% from protein. With the exception of calcium, all micronutrients examined were in accordance with dietary guidelines. Body fat was 7.6 ± 1.1% of body weight. Time to completion of three runs of the soccer-specific test was 37.65 ± 0.62 s, and peak torques of the knee flexors and extensors at 60° ⋅ s−1 were 139 ± 6 and 225 ± 9 N ⋅ m, respectively. Players' absolute amounts of CHO seemed to be above the minimum recommended intake to maximize glycogen storage, but calcium intakes were below recommended. Their body fat was unremarkable, and they had a comparatively good capacity to endure repeated bouts of intense soccer-specific exercise and to exert force with their knee extensors and flexors.

Effect of 2-wk intensified training and inactivity on muscle Na+-K+ pump expression, phospholemman (FXYD1) phosphorylation, and performance in soccer players

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thomassen ◽  
Peter M. Christensen ◽  
Thomas P. Gunnarsson ◽  
Lars Nybo ◽  
Jens Bangsbo
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Muscle Adaptations ◽  
Isoform Expression ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Intensity Training

The present study examined muscle adaptations and alterations in performance of highly trained soccer players with intensified training or training cessation. Eighteen elite soccer players were, for a 2-wk period, assigned to either a group that performed high-intensity training with a reduction in the amount of training (HI, n = 7), or an inactivity group without training (IN, n = 11). HI improved ( P < 0.05) performance of the 4th, 6th, and 10th sprint in a repeated 20-m sprint test, and IN reduced ( P < 0.05) performance in the 5th to the 10th sprints after the 2-wk intervention period. In addition, the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 2 test performance of IN was lowered from 845 ± 48 to 654 ± 30 m. In HI, the protein expression of the Na+-K+ pump α2-isoform was 15% higher ( P < 0.05) after the intervention period, whereas no changes were observed in α1- and β1-isoform expression. In IN, Na+-K+ pump expression was not changed. In HI, the FXYD1ser68-to-FXYD1 ratio was 27% higher ( P < 0.01) after the intervention period, and, in IN, the AB_FXYD1ser68 signal was 18% lower ( P < 0.05) after inactivity. The change in FXYD1ser68-to-FXYD1 ratio was correlated ( r2 = 0.35; P < 0.05) with change in performance in repeated sprint test. The present data suggest that short-term intensified training, even for trained soccer players, can increase muscle Na+-K+ pump α2-isoform expression, and that cessation of training for 2 wk does not affect the expression of Na+-K+ pump isoforms. Resting phosphorylation status of the Na+-K+ pump is changed by training and inactivity and may play a role in performance during repeated, intense exercise.

scholarly journals PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYEES OF INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES (GENDER ASPECT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-444
Author(s):  
T.N. Kabanova ◽  
◽  
N.E. Lysenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Professional Resources

The relevance of the study is due to the growing need of the state and society to improve the efficiency of the Investigative Committee of Russia. Improving the effectiveness of investigative activities is impossible without taking into account the personal characteristics of the investigator. It is important to study personal and professional resources of employees that help improve productivity and performance. More and more women choose professions that were traditionally considered male. Of scientific interest is the study of the personal characteristics of employees of the preliminary investigation units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, where women work along with men. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to identify personal characteristics of male and female employees of investigative bodies. The article presents the research of male and female personality characteristics in the group of law enforcement authority's employees. The sample consisted of 23 officers aged 22 to 43 years (11 men, mean age was 29.18±4.05 years, 12 women, mean age 29.42±4.62 years).The average period of service in law enforcement authorities was 4.7±4.1 years. A fivefactor personality questionnaire was used in the study. It was revealed that male employees of the law enforcement authorities are characterized by a high level of self-control, a tendency to dominate, combined with perseverance and prudence. Female officers are prone to emotional stress, they also persistent, curios and tend to dominate. In addition, the influence of age and length of service on the personality characteristics of the officers, both male and female, was discovered.

scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Restrictions and Quarantine COVID-19: Effects on Cardiovascular and Yo-Yo Test Performance in Professional Soccer Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas de Albuquerque Freire ◽  
Márcio Tannure ◽  
Márcio Sampaio ◽  
Maamer Slimani ◽  
Hela Znazen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Maximal Speed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The present study aimed to verify the quarantine’s effects during a serious viral outbreak on the cardiovascular and performance associated with the Yo-Yo test in a sample of professional soccer players. 20 high-level soccer players (n = 20; age: 26 ± 4 years-old; weight: 76.85 ± 6.7 kg; height: 179 ± 6 cm) participated in this study. The intermittent Yo-Yo test was performed pre- and post- COVID-19 quarantine in a random order. During each test, the soccer players’ running performance outcomes were monitored using a portable 5-Hz GPS with a 100 Hz accelerometer and a paired t-test was conducted at a p-value of ≤ 0.05. The main results demonstrated significant differences between pre- versus post-COVID-19 quarantine in the following variables: relative distance (161.7 ± 5.9 &gt; 141.1 ± 33.8 m/min), maximal speed (18.7 ± 0.9 &gt; 18.2 ± 0.6 km/h), acceleration (60 ± 20 frequency &gt; 52 ± 16 frequency), deceleration (34 ± 13 frequency &gt; 27 ± 6 frequency), sprints &gt; 19 km/h [0.8 (0.2;3)% &gt;0.5 (0;0.5)%], and in high intensity running distance [16.48 (2.68;41.64)m &gt; 0.827 (0.164;3.0)m]. We concluded that COVID-19-related restrictions and quarantine COVID-19 demonstrated adverse effects on professional soccer players’ Yo-Yo tests performance.

United States university-based officer training and its influence on physical assessment test performance

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001486
Author(s):  
Jessica C Tom ◽  
B K Schilling ◽  
B Poston ◽  
C L Turner ◽  
K N Radzak
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Physical Assessment ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionCadets participating in Reserve Officers’ Training Corp (ROTC) at US universities undergo both Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) and Occupational Physical Assessment Test (OPAT) evaluations prior to commissioning. The current study examined the relationship between ROTC physical training (PT) attendance and performance in the APFT and OPAT, and characterised physical activity of cadets outside of PT.MethodsTwenty-six cadets’ (21 males; age=20.81±2.48 years; height=171.16±8.62 cm; body mass=75.49±13.17 kg; body mass index=25.68±3.37 kg/m2) PT attendance, and diagnostic (week 1) and record (week 13) OPAT and APFT scores were documented. Paired samples t-tests evaluated differences in APFT and OPAT scores between the diagnostic and record tests. Pearson correlations were utilised to determine if a relationship existed between PT attendance and test performance. Participating cadets also completed monthly self-reported physical activity questionnaire (September, October, November); findings were reported using descriptive statistics.ResultsCadets attended 87% of PT sessions between OPAT administrations and 85% between APFT administrations. Cadets significantly improved the following test components: standing long jump (p=0.034), seated power throw (p=0.029), shuttle run (p=0.005), sit-ups (p=0.003) and 2-mile run (p=0.045). A significant, positive correlation was found between PT attendance and APFT sit-ups improvements (r=0.473, p=0.015). Cadets’ frequently reported additional physical activity days per week (range: 2.8–3.1 aerobic, 3.2–3.8 strength/power, 2.9–3.2 core strength/endurance).ConclusionsRegular participation in a single semester of ROTC PT was found to significantly increase cadets’ scores in some, but not all, components of the APFT and OPAT. Self-reported physical activity results indicate that cadets regularly train outside of organised PT.

scholarly journals Can discreet performance banding, as compared to bio-banding, discriminate technical skills in male adolescent soccer players? A preliminary investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 174795412110311
Author(s):  
Jason Moran ◽  
Victor Cervera ◽  
Benjamin Jones ◽  
Edward Hope ◽  
Ben Drury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fast Group

Maturation-related changes in body dimensions and performance can lead to physical mismatches and drop out from youth sport. Here, we propose a new method termed ‘discreet performance banding’ (DPB). We aimed to determine if dividing youths by actual physical performance of a discreet skill or ability (‘change or direction’ [COD] ability) could discriminate between the most and least skilled players better than a marker of implied performance, such as an assessment of biological maturation. 182 male academy Spanish soccer players (age: 13-18 years height: 143 to 188 cm; mass: 32.3 to 81.4 kg) were divided into maturation groups (Tanner stages 2 through 5) and COD groups (‘fast’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘slow’). Players’ skills (passing, shooting, ball control) were evaluated on a six-point scale with a value of ‘1’ considered ‘very bad’ and a value of ‘6’ as ‘very good’. When divided by maturity status, analyses revealed no significant differences between groups in soccer skill. However, when divided into COD groups, the analyses revealed significant differences between the fast and intermediate players ([p < 0.001] favouring the fast group) and between the intermediate and slow players ([p < 0.026] favouring the slow group). There was no significant difference in skill between the fast and slow groups, though the fast group demonstrated a higher skill level as indicated by a small effect size. Fast players were more skilful than both the intermediate and slower players, indicating that COD status can be a differentiating factor between players of different skill levels. DPB could be used to equalise competition in youth sport and to enhance the overall level of enjoyment that youths derive from engagement in sport.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in Fitness Performance and Technical Skills of Young Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lipecki
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Direction Change ◽  
M 10 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Standing Long Jump ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Endurance

Abstract Introduction. The aim of the study was to identify differences in the level of fitness and technical skills of young soccer players depending on age. Material and methods. The study examined 140 male elite soccer players from the Polish Sport Academy aged 12 to 18 years. Body mass, body height, fitness abilities (5-m, 10-m, and 30-m sprint; envelope run; standing long jump; pull-ups; and beep test) and technical skills (ball handling, juggling alternately with the leg and the head, short passes, and long passes) were measured. Results. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences indicating improvement with age were found in older players in speed (15.5%-18.8%), agility (5.7%), lower limb explosive power (39.4%), upper limb strength (254.3%), and cardiorespiratory endurance (31.9%). With regards to technical skills, the greatest progress was documented for long shots (passes) with the internal instep from the ground (140.6% for the dominant leg, DL, and 730.3% for the non-dominant leg, NDL). Slightly lower results were obtained for short shots (passes) with the central instep from the air (128% for DL and 103.6% for NDL) and short shots (passes) with the medial part of the foot (52.1% for DL and 82.8% for NDL), and the lowest were recorded for ball handling with direction change (32.3% for DL and 29.9% for NDL). Conclusions. In the process of talent identification and monitoring of training effects, coaches should take into account the differences in the rate of the development of fitness and technical skills of young athletes.

scholarly journals Is Playing Soccer More Osteogenic for Females Before the Pubertal Spurt?

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lozano-Berges ◽  
Ángel Matute-Llorente ◽  
Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽  
Alex González-Agüero ◽  
Germán Vicente-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pubertal Status

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess bone mass in children and adolescent soccer players and to evaluate the influence of both gender and pubertal status on bone mass. A total of 110 soccer players (75 males / 35 females; 12.73 ± 0.65 / 12.76 ± 0.59 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into two groups according to their pubertal status. Bone and lean masses were measured with Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry. An independent t-test and an adjusted by subtotal lean and training experience multivariate analysis of covariance were used to analyse the differences in bone mass values between genders and maturity status. Female soccer players presented higher bone mass values than their male counterparts in most of the measured weight-bearing sites. Moreover, when stratifying by pubertal status, peripubertal and postpubertal females had higher subtotal body and lumbar spine bone mass than males. Comparing between pubertal status groups before adjustment, both male and female postpubertal players showed higher bone mass than their pubertal counterparts. After adjusting, these differences disappeared and, in fact results were inverted as bone mass at the femoral neck was higher in both male and female peripubertal soccer players than in postpubertal players. Bone mass seems to be more intensely stimulated by playing soccer in female than male players, particularly in the lumbar spine. The results of peripubertal players showing higher bone mass at the femoral neck after adjusting suggest that playing soccer during the peripubertal stage could be an effective activity to achieve optimal bone mass values.

scholarly journals SEX AND AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN PERFORMANCE IN THE DUATHLON WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
Oscar Romero-Ramos ◽  
Emilio Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Daniel Mayorga-Vega ◽  
Rafael Merino-Marbán ◽  
Robert Podstawski
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Retrospective Comparative Study

ABSTRACT Objective Our study analyses differences in performance between sexes, and changes in performance between age groups at Olympic distance during the ITU Duathlon World Championships, held between 2005 and 2016. During this period, a total of 9,772 duathletes were analysed (6,739 men and 3,033 women). Methods Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine sex- and age-related differences in performance (time, percentage of time and performance ratio) in the first running and cycling legs, the second running leg, and total race for the top 10 male and female athletes in each age group at the Duathlon World Championships. Results The age group with the highest participation, in both male and female categories, was 40-44 years, and it was found that the mean age of female finisher participants across all age groups was 23.5±12. With regards to performance, the best results for total race time and the cycling segment were achieved in the 30-34-year age group, for both male and female athletes. With regards to performance in the first and third segments (running legs), the best times were achieved in the 25-29 and 30-34 age groups, for men and women respectively. Conclusion According to the results of our study, the best results in the professional career of a duathlete are achieved at between 30 and 35 years, therefore the athlete should incorporate this factor into their training plan. Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study.

Match Acceleration and Deceleration Patterns in Female Collegiate Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Trapp ◽  
Alicja B. Stannard ◽  
Julie K. Nolan ◽  
Matthew F. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Player Tracking ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Acceleration And Deceleration ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Starting Speed

The purpose of the current investigation was to report acceleration and deceleration match data in female collegiate soccer players and compare between positions and game halves. A total of 24 players (11 defenders, five midfielders, and eight forwards) (age: M = 19.1, SD = 1.2 years; height: M = 1.64, SD = 0.05 m; and mass: M = 62.2, SD = 5.8 kg) underwent global positioning system monitoring and performance testing. Forwards covered significantly more distance per minute during high-intensity running (effect size [d]: 0.49) and sprinting (d = 0.64) when compared to midfielders across 16 matches for players logging  22.5 min per half. Significant and meaningful positional differences were determined with forwards covering the greatest average distance per acceleration efforts (d = 0.55) and initiating acceleration and deceleration efforts from a greater initial speed (ds = 0.57 and 0.69). When analyzing across all matches for players logging ≥ 40 min per half, second half decreases occurred in the number of accelerations (p < .001; d = 1.98) and decelerations (p < .001; d = 1.92), average distance of accelerations (p < .001; d = 0.83) and decelerations (p = .03; d = 1.30), and starting speed of accelerations (p = .01; d = 0.92) and decelerations (p = .04; d = 1.28). These results provide useful context when interpreting global positioning system–derived player-tracking metrics and can improve positional-specific training programs.

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