scholarly journals Assessment of Efficiency of Nutrient Uptake of Different Sources of Zn, Mn, Cu and B in Zea mays

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Andres Reyes Gaige ◽  
Bruce Rowe ◽  
Vatren Jurin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Boric Anhydride ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
One Way Anova

Advances in plant nutrition can be achieved by improving the delivery of micronutrients to the plants. The objective of this research was to compare the efficiency of uptake of different sources of zinc, copper and manganese (sulfates, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and oxides) and boron (boric anhydride and colemanite). We conducted all experiments in maize, repeated the experiment twice, using five replicates per treatment, and used two different media. Results showed that for cations, the soluble sources of micronutrients (sulfate and EDTA) in both media were more efficiently taken up. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey for multiple comparisons of means (95% confidence level) was used for all statistical analyses. Sulfate sources were significantly different when compared to the negative control and to the oxide sources. EDTA sources were significantly different when compared to the negative control and to the oxide sources. Oxide sources were not significantly different from the negative control. For boron, we found a similar trend, with boric anhydride being significantly different when compared to the negative control and to colemanite. Colemanite was significantly different when compared to the negative control. This study generated important information about uptake of soluble and insoluble sources of four micronutrients that can be used for the development of new formulations.

Pengaruh Pemberian Air Rendaman Rumput Fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) Terhadap Kadar Hormon Oksitosin dan Hormon Prolaktin Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Menyusui Perbandingan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1S) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Yunni Safitri ◽  
Afriwardi Afriwardi ◽  
Eny Yantri
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Rumput fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti alkaloid, tanin, dan flavonoid yang merupakan bagian fitoestrogen. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian air rendaman rumput fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) terhadap hormon oksitosin dan hormon prolaktin pada tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus) menyusui. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan desain Post-Tes Only Control Group. Jumlah sampel 32 tikus menyusui yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakukan P1, P2 dan P3 yang masing–masing diberi 10gr, 20gr dan 40gr rendaman Anastatica Hierochuntica. Penelitian dilakukan di Labor Farmasi dan Biomedik Universitas Andalas. Hormon oksitosin dan hormon prolaktin diukur dengan mengunakan metode ELISA. Uji statistik menggunakan uji Shapiro Wilk untuk mengetahui normalitas data, dilanjutkan One Way ANOVA dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pada kelompok digunakan uji Multiple Comparisons (post hoc test) jenis Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) kadar hormon oksitosin antara kelompok kontrol (56,604±10,907) dengan kelompok P2 (44,095±6,117). Pada hormon prolaktin juga berbeda secara bermakna (p<0,05) antara kelompok kontrol (11,794±1,633) dengan kelompok P3 (16,991±3,735). Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pemberian air rendaman rumput fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) terhadap hormon oksitosin dan hormon prolaktin pada tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus) menyusui.

scholarly journals DIABETIC ALBINO RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (05) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Navaid Kazi ◽  
Din Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
One Way Anova

Objectives: The present study evaluated the blood glucose, superoxidedismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in Cinnamon cassia bark extract (CCBE)treated alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Animalhouse of Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi was selected for conducting the present study.Period: January 2014 to December 2014. Methodology: A sample of twenty rats was randomlydivided into 4 groups. Rats were grouped as A1 (n=5) – Negative control, A2 (n=5)- Positivecontrols (alloxan treated rats), and experimental groups B1 (n=5) and B2 (n=5) includeddiabetic rats which received 0.3 grams and 0.6 grams of CCBE respectively. Intraperitonealalloxan (120 mg /kg in 0.5 ml dissolved in acetate buffer) was used for induction of diabetes.C. cassia bark extract was prepared under standard protocol. Blood glucose (glucose oxidasemethod), SOD and GPX (Elisa kit) were detected from blood samples after 30 days. Data wasanalyzed on SPSS. Data was analyzed by one- way ANOVA and post-Hoc was used for groupcomparisons. Data was analyzed at 95% CI (p< 0.05). Result: Blood glucose, SOD and GPXshowed statistically significant differences (p<0.036). CCBE treated rats showed low glucoselevels and elevated SOD and GPX enzyme activity (p<0.05).

scholarly journals PENGARUH KURMA (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) TERHADAP BERAT BADAN TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (RATTUS NOVERGICUS)

2018 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
F Fadila ◽  
Brian Wasita ◽  
Paramasari Dirgahayu
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Paired T Test

ABSTRAK Kurma merupakan salah satu buah dengan kandungan gizi terlengkap. Selain tinggi energi terutama karbohidrat (glukosa, fruktosa), kurma juga mengandung mineral besi yang berperan dalam metabolisme energi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kurma terhadap berat badan tikus (Rattus novergicus). Jenis penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan pre-post test with control grup. Sampel adalah 24 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus novergicus) strain Wistar, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok K1 (kontrol negatif), dan K2 (kontrol positif (diberikan suplemen FeSO )), P1 (perlakuan ekstrak air kurma mentah), dan P2 (perlakuan sari kurma). Analisis data dengan uji paired t-test untuk mengetahui perbedaan berat badan pre-post test, ANOVA untuk mengetahui perbedaan berat badan post test antar kelompok, yang dilanjutkan dengan post hoc test LSD, dengan α=0,01. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terjadi peningkatan berat badan pada semua kelompok sampel (K1, K2, P1, dan P2). Peningkatan berat badan tertinggi pada kelompok kontrol positif (K1) 11,12%, diikuti oleh kelompok perlakuan SK (P2) 11,00%, dan perlakuan EAKM (P1) 10,90%, sedangkan yang terendah pada kelompok kontrol negatif (K1) hanya 5,32%. Hasil analisis paired t-Test pada kelompok kontrol positif (K2), perlakuan EAKM (P1) dan SK (P2) menunjukan terdapat perbedaan berat badan pre- post test yang signifikan (p<0,01). Hasil analisis One Way Anova, diperoleh nilai p=0,000 (p<0,01) yang menandakan terdapat perbedaan berat badan post test yang signifikan antar 4 kelompok, di mana post hoc test LSD menunjukan perbedaan terletak antara kontrol negatif (K1) dengan kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan (K2, P1, dan P2), sedangkan diantara kelompok K2, P1, dan P2 tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Kurma dapat meningkatkan berat badan tikus yang mengalami anemia defisiensi besi. Pengaruh kurma terhadap berat badan tikus sama dengan pengaruh dari pemberian suplemen FeSO4. Peningkatan berat badan tikus tanpa perlakuan sangat rendah jika dibandingkan dengan peningkatan berat badan tikus yang diberikan kurma dan suplemen FeSO .Kata Kunci: kurma (Pheonix dactylifera L.); ekstrak air kurma mentah (EAKM), sari kurma (SK), suplemen FeSO4, berat badan tikus. ABSTRACT Dates are one of the most nutritious fruits. In addition to high energy, especially carbohydrates, dates also contain iron minerals that play a role in energy metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dates on rat body weight (Rattus novergicus). Types of laboratory experimental studies with pre-post test with control group. The sample was 24 male white rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain, divided into 4 groups, ie group K1 (negative control), and K2 (positive control (given FeSO4 supplement)), P1 (crude dates juice treatment), and P2 (dates juice treatment). Analysis of data with paired t-test to determine the difference of pre-post test weight, One Way Anova to know difference of post test between group weight, followed by post hoc test of LSD, with α = 0,01. The results showed that there was an increase in weight across all sample groups (K1, K2, P1, and P2). The highest weight gain in the positive control group (K1) was 11.12%, followed by the group of dates juice treatment (P2) 11.00%, and crude dates juice treatment (P1) 10.90%, while the lowest in the negative control group (K1) only 5 , 32%. The result of paired t-test analysis in positive control group (K2), crude dates juice treatment (P1) and dates juice treatment (P2) showed significant difference of pre-post test weight (p <0,01). The results of One Way Anova analysis showed that p = 0,000 (p <0,01) indicated that there was significant difference of post test weight between 4 groups, where post hoc test of LSD showed the difference between negative control (K1) and group that given treatment (K2, P1, and P2), whereas between groups K2, P1, and P2 there was no significant difference. Conclusion: Dates can increase the weight of rats with iron deficiency anemia. The effect of dates on body weight of rats is similar to that of FeSO4 supplementation. Increased rats weight without treatment is very low when compared with the increased weight of rats given dates and supplements of FeSO4.   Keywords: dates (Pheonix dactylifera L.); raw dates crude extract, dates juice, FeSO4 supplement, weight of rats.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Air Rendaman Rumput Fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) Terhadap Kadar Hormon Estrogen Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus) Bunting

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Noviyanti Noviyanti ◽  
Rahmatina B Herman ◽  
Joserizal Serudji
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Angka Kematian Ibu di Indonesia masih tinggi, salah satu penyebabnya adalah partus lama. Hormon estrogen merupakan salah satu hormon pemicu persalinan, defisiensi hormon ini dapat  mengakibatkan persalinan menjadi lambat (partus lama). Rumput fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica) merupakan tanaman yang sering digunakan untuk memperlancar persalinan. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian air rendaman rumput fatimah terhadap kadar hormon estrogen pada tikus putih bunting. Jenis penelitian, eksperimental dengan desain Post-Test Only Control Group. Sampel terdiri dari 24 ekor tikus putih bunting yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 3 perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 yang masing-masing diberi 10gr, 20gr dan 40gr rumput fatimah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Animal house dan di Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Andalas. Hormon estrogen diukur dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Uji Shapiro Wilk untuk mengetahui normalitas data dilanjutkan Uji  One Way ANOVA lalu dilanjutkan dengan uji Multiple Comparisons (post hoc test) jenis Bonferroni. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) kadar hormon estrogen antara kelompok kontrol (55,51±7,60) dengan kelompok P2 (67,37±7,14) dan P3 (68,13±7,33) dengan dosis 20 gr dan 40 gr. Kesimpulan, terdapat peningkatan signifikan pada kadar hormon estrogen setelah pemberian air rendaman rumput Fatimah pada tikus putih bunting. Kata kunci:  Rumput Fatimah (Anastatica Hierochuntica), Hormon Estrogen, Persalinan

scholarly journals Antibacterial Power of Sodium Hypochlorite Combined with Surfactants and Acetic Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Giardino ◽  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Zahed Mohammadi ◽  
Flavio Palazzi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parametric Methods ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.25%NaOCl; Hypoclean; Chlor-Xtra; 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid; infected dentin tubes (positive control); and sterile dentin tubes (negative control). At experimental times of 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, dentin chips were collected using sequential round burs with increasing diameters in separate test tubes containing 3 mL of freshly prepared BHI. Statistical analysis were performed using parametric methods (one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test, α=0.01). After culturing, the number of colony-forming units (CFU) was counted. All the NaOCl solutions showed small number of CFU over 28 days. ChlorXtra and Hypoclean had the smallest number of CFU at all times with greater antimicrobial efficacy than 5.25% NaOCl and 1% NaOCl solution with 1% acetic acid.

scholarly journals Hot Oil Exposure on Styrofoam and Black Crackle Bag Effect on Malondialdehyde MDA Level of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strain

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marcella ◽  
Kristina Simanjuntak ◽  
Yuni Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Mixed Oil ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Oil Exposure ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT This study purposed to determine the effect of hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic bag on MDA levels in rats. The study was purely experimental, a sample of 28 Wistar rats, weight ±200gram, age 3 months, divided into 4 groups, treatment was given for 28 days. Negative control was given feed and drink; styrofoam group was given feed, drink, oil on styrofoam; the black plastic group was given feed, drink, oil on black plastic; positive control was given feed, drink, toluene mixed oil. On 14th and 28th-day blood was taken from the tail and examined for plasma MDA by spectrophotometer λ=532nm. One-way ANOVA shows there is an effect of hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic on MDA levels on the 14th and 28th days (p=0.000). Post hoc showed the styrofoam group had a significant increase in MDA levels on 14th (p=0.003) and 28th (p=0.043) compared to negative controls, the black plastic group as well on 14th (p=0.000) and 28th (p=0.000). MDA levels between styrofoam and black plastic groups significantly different on 14th (p=0.012), but not on 28th (p=0.340). There was a significant MDA increase in the styrofoam group between 14th and 28th days (p=0.009), and in the black plastic group (p=0.031). This shows that hot oil exposure on styrofoam and black plastic cause cell oxidative stress. Keyword: Black Plastic Bag, MDA, Oxidative Stress, Styrofoam     ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh paparan minyak panas pada stirofoam dan kresek hitam terhadap kadar MDA. Penelitian merupakan eksperimental murni, sampel 28 ekor tikus putih galur Wistar, berat badan ±200gram, usia 3 bulan, dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, perlakuan selama 28 hari. Kontrol negatif diberi pakan biasa dan air minum; kelompok stirofoam diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak pada stirofoam; kelompok kresek hitam diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak pada kresek hitam; kontrol positif diberi pakan, minum, dan minyak dicampur toluene. Mengambil darah dari vena ekor pada hari ke-14 dan ke-28 lalu memeriksa MDA plasma dengan spektrofotometer λ=532 nm. Hasil One-way Anova menunjukkan peningkatan MDA kelompok stirofoam dan kresek hitam hari ke-14 dan ke-28 (p=0.000). Uji post hoc menunjukkan MDA kelompok stirofoam meningkat signifikan pada hari ke-14 (p=0.003) dan ke-28 (p=0.043) dibanding kontrol negatif, begitu juga kelompok kresek hitam hari ke-14 (p=0.000) dan ke-28 (p=0.000). Kadar MDA antara kelompok stirofoam dan kresek hitam berbeda signifikan pada hari ke-14 (p=0.012), tetapi tidak pada hari ke-28 (p=0.340). MDA berbeda bermakna antara hari ke-14 dan ke-28 pada kelompok stirofoam (p=0.009) dan kelompok kresek hitam (p=0.031). Hal ini menunjukkan paparan minyak panas pada stirofoam dan kresek hitam dapat menimbulkan stres oksidatif sel. Kata Kunci: Kresek Hitam, MDA, Stirofoam, Stres Oksidatif

scholarly journals Depth-Related Curing Potential of Ormocer- and Dimethacrylate-Based Bulk-Fill Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6753
Author(s):  
Ramona S. Oltramare ◽  
Reto Odermatt ◽  
Phoebe Burrer ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Tobias T. Tauböck
Keyword(s):  
Double Bond ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Double Bond Conversion ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the degree of C=C double bond conversion of high-viscosity dimethacrylate- or ormocer-based bulk-fill composites as a function of measurement depth. Four bulk-fill composites (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, x-tra fil, SonicFill, and Bulk Ormocer) and the conventional nanohybrid composite Tetric EvoCeram were applied in standardized Class II cavities (n = 6 per group) and photoactivated for 20 s at 1350 mW/cm2. The degree of conversion of the composites was assessed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy at seven measurement depths (0.15, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 mm). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The investigated bulk-fill composites showed at least 80% of their maximum degree of conversion (80% DCmax) up to a measuring depth of at least 4 mm. Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill and Bulk Ormocer achieved more than 80% DCmax up to a measuring depth of 5 mm, x-tra fil up to 6 mm. The conventional nanohybrid composite Tetric EvoCeram achieved more than 80% DCmax up to 3 mm. In contrast to the conventional composite, the investigated ormocer- and dimethacrylate-based bulk-fill composites can be photo-polymerized in thick layers of up to at least 4 mm with regard to their degree of C=C double bond conversion.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Bay Leaf and Celery Leaf Infusion Effect on Decreasing LDL Level in Dyslipidemic Wistar Rats Model

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Anjani Putri Retnaninggalih ◽  
Erfan Efendi ◽  
Hairrudin Hairrudin
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
One Way Anova

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the cause of 7,3 million death globally in 2008. The main pathophysiology process that leads to CHD is atherosclerosis which is caused by high LDL cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to explore bay leaf and celery leaf infusion effect on reducing LDL cholesterol level in dyslipidemic rat model. The type of this study was true experimental research using wistar rat (Rattus novergicus) as the sample. The rats were induced by high fat diet and PTU for two weeks then each of the group were given either bay leaf infusion, celery leaf infusion, simvastatin (positive control), or aquadest (negative control) for a week. The measurement of LDL level used Friedewald formulation. Data was analyzed using paired sample t test and one way ANOVA. As the result there was a significance reduction on LDL level after treatment with bay leaf (p=0,013) and celery leaf infusion (p=0,035) but there was no significance difference between groups (p=0,293). It was concluded that bay leaf and celery leaf infusion could reduce the LDL level in dyslipidemic wistar rat but there was no difference on the capability of the two different leafs on reducing LDL level. Keywords: dyslipidemia, LDL, bay leaf, celery leaf, wistar rats

scholarly journals Avaliação e proposta de monitoramento do estado de conservação de ambiente recifal costeiro do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil: contribuições para gestão ambiental

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 949-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Silva Lula Leite ◽  
George Emmanuel Cavalcanti de Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Gelidiella Acerosa ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Canistrocarpus Cervicornis ◽  
One Way Anova

A urbanização nas zonas costeiras torna necessário avaliar o impacto antrópico sobre os ecossistemas associados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar temporalmente a dinâmica de populações de macroalgas com potencial bioindicador, estabelecendo-as como ferramenta para avaliação da saúde ambiental. Foi amostrado o ambiente recifal intertidal da Praia de Formosa, no Município de Cabedelo, Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, durante intervalos trimestrais de agosto/2013 a novembro/2014. A variação temporal da frequência de ocorrência (F') das populações macrofitobênticas foi avaliada pela análise de variância (One-Way Anova) com teste Post-Hoc de Tukey. A influência das variáveis ambientais sobre F’ foi avaliada pela Correlação Linear de Pearson e pela PERMANOVA. A análise da qualidade ambiental e a proposta de biomonitoramento basearam-se no Grupo 1, formado por espécies perenes e/ou raras com maiores valores ao longo do Componente Principal 1 (CP1) da Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), e Grupo 2, formado por espécies com comportamento errático com menores valores ao longo do CP1 da ACP. Foram encontradas 33 espécies macrofitobênticas. A frequência de ocorrência apresentou variação temporal, porém não influenciada pelo conjunto de variáveis ambientais. Phyllodictyon anastomosans, Gelidiella acerosa e Gelidium corneum compuseram o Grupo 1, com Dictyopteris delicatula, Canistrocarpus cervicornis e Hypnea spinella formando o Grupo 2. O Grupo 2 apresentou correlação positiva com a temperatura, alcançando as máximas frequências nos períodos mais quentes, mas esse fator isolado não é capaz de explicar a distribuição errática das espécies. A ocorrência de espécies bioindicadoras de eutrofização foi considerada natural, fato que, aliado à alta frequência de espécies bioindicadoras de qualidade ambiental, sugerem que o Recife de Formosa não sofre impactos antrópicos significativos. O desaparecimento de espécies perenes ou crescimento populacional significativo de espécie rara (Grupo 1), bem como a fuga do padrão temporal de frequência ou dominância do recife pelas espécies do Grupo 2, são indícios da ocorrência de impactos. Este trabalho fornece à gestão do Recife de Formosa uma eficiente ferramenta para avaliação do impacto urbano sobre a comunidade macrofitobêntica.

scholarly journals Efek Imunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Spons Melophlus sarasinorum Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Sel Makrofag Pada Mencit Jantan Balb/C

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Yusuf ◽  
Fadhliyah Malik ◽  
Adryan Fristiohady Lubis ◽  
Astrid Indalifiany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Immunomodulator is an ingredient or drug that can modulate immune system functions and activities. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge on macrophage phagocytosis activity. Twenty four male mice balb/c were divided into six groups. The first group received 100 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge, the second group received 200 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge, the third group received 300 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge and the fourth group received 400 mg/kg of ethanol extract of Melophlus Sarasinorum sponge. The positive control group received Phyllanthus niruri linn extract (Stimuno®) 0,13 mg/g and the negative control group received NaCMC 0,5%. The extract was orally administered from first day to seventh day. On the eighth day, each of the mice was injected Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (SA) 0.5 mL intraperitoneally. Macrophage cell activity is calculated from smears of peritoneal fluid of mice. Increased doses of ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge increase the amount of macrophage phagocytosis activity that are 25,25% (negative control), 61,5% (positive control), 55,75% (100 mg/kg), 60,75% (200 mg/kg), 62,25% (300 mg/kg) dan 66,25% (400 mg/kg). The results showed that the ethanol extract of Melophlus sarasinorum sponge has the potential as immunomodulator at a doses of 300 mg/kgBB and 400 mg/kg with no significantly different effectiveness with positive control in increasing macrophage cell phagocytosis activity based on the result of post-hoc statistical test of Tukey (sig.> 0,05).  

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