Inclusion of Citrullus colocynthis Seed Extract into Diets Induced a Hypolipidemic Effect and Improved Layer Performance

Citrullus colocynthis (CC) has been known as a natural medicinal plant with wide biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antilipidemic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of inclusion of the ethanolic extract of CC seeds (ECCs) into layer diets on the lipid profile, stress indicators, and physiological and productive performance of laying hens. A total of 216 forty-week-old commercial Hy-Line brown laying hens were randomly assigned into four equal groups (3 birds × 18 replicates per group) that received a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg of ECCs for 12 consecutive weeks. The first group served as a control. The results showed that ECCs at 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg significantly (p < 0.05) improved the productive and physiological performance compared to the other groups. In addition, stress indicators examined in the laying hens, including lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)), corticosterone hormone (CORT), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), were significantly alleviated after inclusion of ECCs into layer diets at the three levels compared to the control group. Furthermore, all ECC levels induced a significant reduction in plasma triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CH) levels in the plasma, liver, and egg yolk, whereas the highest levels were obtained with 2.0 g/kg of ECCs. Particularly important, a high linear correlation (R2 = 0.60–0.79) was observed between increasing doses of ECCs and MDA, liver CH, and egg yolk CH concentrations and egg weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio; moreover, the correlation was extremely high (R2 = 0.80–0.100) with the level of TG, CH, low-density lipoprotein CH, high-density lipoprotein CH, and CORT. These results indicated that dietary supplementation with 2.0 g/kg of ECCs could be considered a successful nutritional approach to producing healthier, lower-cholesterol eggs for consumers, in addition to enhancing the physiological and productive performance of laying hens by alleviating the stress of intensive commercial production.

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Dietary Supplementation of Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus Modulates Cholesterol Levels, Immune Response, and Productive Performance of Laying Hens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1588 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil ◽

Ahmed O. Abbas ◽

Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽

Hanaa. K. Abd El-Atty ◽

Gamal M. K. Mehaisen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Yolk Cholesterol

This study examines the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on the cholesterol levels, immune response, and productive performance of laying hens. A total of 216, 40-week-old, commercial Hy-Line brown chicken layers were randomly assigned into four treatment groups (18 birds × three replicates per group) and fed diet supplemented with 0 (control), 1 × 109, 21 × 109, and 31 × 109 colony forming units (CFUs) of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) per kg of feed for six consecutive weeks. Results show that plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterols became lesser, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol became higher in LA-supplemented groups compared to the control. In addition, a significant reduction occurred in the liver and egg yolk cholesterol by LA supplementation. Moreover, the immunological parameters including antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-wattle swelling test, and T- & B-lymphocyte proliferation were enhanced in laying hens supplemented with LA compared to the control hens. While the heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio decreased with LA supplementation, indicating low stress conditions in the treated hens. These positive effects for LA were further reflected on the productive performance of laying hens and improved egg production, egg weight, egg mass, and feed efficiency. Our findings indicate that LA probiotic could be recommended in laying hens’ diets for lowering egg yolk cholesterol with positive impacts on health and performance.

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EFFECT OF ENZYME SUPPLEMENTING AND SOAKING TO THE DIETS OF THE LAYING HENS CONTAINING CORN AND WHAET ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v48i2.411 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Al Rubaee & et al.

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Control Group ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Research Station ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion

This study was conducted at Poultry Research Station Animal–State Board of Agricultural Research/ Ministry of Agricultural, which included two experiments to study the effect of enzyme supplementing and soaking to the diets of the laying hens containing corn and wheat on productive performance. Three hundred Brown-egg hens (ISA Brown) 40 weeks-old were used in this experiment after introductory period for two weeks. Layer hens distributed randomly to ten treatments with 2 replicates (15 hens per replicate); And fed on diets equal protein and metabolic energy according to the age periods in ISA guide. Treatments were as follows: Treatment 1: Control group (100 % corn).Treatment 2: 100% corn with soaking. Treatment 3 : 100% corn with enzymes. Treatment 4:100% corn with soaking and enzymes. Treatment 5: 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking. Treatment 6 : 33% corn replacement wheat and with enzymes. Treatment 7 : 33% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. Treatment 8: 66% corn replacement wheat with soaking. Treatment 9: 66% corn replacement wheat with enzymes. Treatment 10 :66% corn replacement wheat with soaking and enzymes. The results showed a significant differences between treatments in egg production (HD%), egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Supplementary enzyme with soaking indicate a significant increase in productive performance.

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Biscuit Residue in the Nutrition of Laying Hens: Effects on Animal Health, Performance and Egg Quality

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.101586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

Author(s):

Roger Rocha Gebert ◽

João Henrique Dos Reis ◽

Bruno Fernando Fortuoso ◽

Gabriela Miotto Galli ◽

Marcel Manente Boiago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Production Costs ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Control Group ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

The Cost

Background: Corn and soybean meal are common ingredients used in poultry feed in order to supply the demand for energy and protein, respectively. Also, these ingredients directly influence the final price of the diets, and consequently, the final cost of production. A major problem is associated to the oscillation of these grains in some months of the year. Therefore, there is a need to search for nutritionally and economically viable alternatives to mitigate this problem. The aim was to evaluate whether the addition of biscuit residue could partially replace the use of corn in the feed of laying hens in order to obtain economic viability without impairment on production, egg quality and animal health.Materials, Methods & Results: The experiment was completely randomized and each repetition was considered one experimental unity. One hundred Hy-line brown 48 week-old chickens were allocated in cages and divided into five groups with four repetitions each, allocating five animals per cage. The group T0 was composed by animals that received the basal diet, i.e. without biscuit residue. The other groups were composed by increasing levels of biscuit residue to substitute corn i.e., group T7 (7% of biscuit residue), T14 (14% of biscuit residue), T21 (21% of biscuit residue) and T28 (28% of biscuit residue). Productive performance of the animals, egg quality, as well as analysis of blood parameters related to lipid metabolism, carbohydrates and proteins of birds were measured at the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and at the end of each cycle (days 21, 42 and 63 of experiment). Among the performance variables, only feed conversion was altered by biscuit residue, i.e., the feed conversion was lower in the groups that received the residue when compared to the control. The replacement of corn by biscuit residue did not affect laying rate (P > 0.05). Regarding egg quality, a less intense coloration was observed in the eggs of the treatments that received biscuit residue compared to the control group (P < 0.05), but without difference between treatments. Seric levels of uric acid were higher in the treatments that received biscuit residue in the days 21 and 42 compared to the control group, effect not seen in the third cycle (day 63). The cost ($) of feed reduced as the levels of inclusion of the biscuit residue in the diet were increased, with the control diet costing $ 0.244/kg, while 28% of biscuit inclusion lower its cost to $ 0.189/kg (22.3% lower). The final cost to produce a dozen eggs from each cycle was on average of $ 0.524, 0.415, 0.441, 0.397 and 0.332 for 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28% inclusion, respectively.Discussion: Residues of biscuit is widely used to feed swine, with positive results as an ingredient to attend the demand for energy. Even though the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine include biscuit residue as a possible ingredient, there is a lack of scientific research in laying hens. These study was verified that the inclusion of biscuit residue (18.936%) is feasible, since it favors the productive performance of the animals, without adverse effects on their health; in addition, the inclusion of biscuit residue reduces dietary costs, as the cost of egg production. Whereas animal feed accounts for a large part of the production cost, the reduction in feed costs without impairment on animal productivity, is a key factor in animal farming. At certain times of the year, food can account for 80% of the production costs and consequently it influences the final price of the product in the market. In our study, we observed a significant reduction on total costs of diets that received biscuit residue, which occurred because a part of the energetic portion of the diet was supplied by the biscuit residue, and not by corn, which influenced the final price.Keywords: egg quality, biscuit residue, economic viability, nutrition.

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ПРЕРЫВИСТОЕ ОСВЕЩЕНИЕ ПОВЫШАЕТ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ОСЕМЕНЕНИЯ КУР В КЛЕТКАХ

10.33845/0033-3239-2019-68-7-8-51-55 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Egg Fertility

Intermittent Lighting Improves the Efficiency of Artificial Insemination in Cage Housed Laying Hens Kavtarashvili A.Sh., Kolokolnikova T.N. Federal Scientific Center “All-Russian Research and Technological Poultry Institute” of Russian Academy of Sciences Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center Summary: The effects of different lighting regimes on the oviposition schedule, productive performance, and reproductive efficiency in cage housed laying hens of layer parental flock (Hisex White-R) were studied; the reasonable regime of artificial insemination (AI) under intermittent lighting is proposed. It was found that intermittent lighting regime 1L:4D:4L:1D:4L:10D compared to the constant lighting significantly alters oviposition schedule: under this regime 82.3% of all daily eggs were laid until 9 am (vs. 66.6% in control). This regime and AI at 10 am improved the productive and reproductive performance compared to control (constant lighting 16L:8D and AI at 12 am): mortality by 1.9%, egg production per initial hen by 3.8%, egg weight by 1.1%, percentage of eggs suitable for incubation by 1.9%, egg fertility by 0.9%, hatchability by 2.3%, hatch of chicks by 2.9%, feed conversion ratio (kg of feed per 10 eggs) by 5.3%, the expenses of electric energy for lighting (per 1000 eggs suitable for incubation) by 54.5%. Key words: INTERMITTENT LIGHTING, CAGE HOUSED LAYERS, ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI), OVIPOSITION SCHEDULE, AI TIMING, PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

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Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2020.21.313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Ahmed Elbaz ◽

Said El-sheikh

Keyword(s):

Control Diet ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Gut Health ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

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Hypolipidemic effect of prepared Polyherbal formulations in Wistar albino rats

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00749 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4314-4320

Author(s):

Ranjan Kumar Giri ◽

Sunil Kumar Kanungo ◽

Saroj Kumar Patro ◽

Minaketan Sahoo ◽

Dibya Sundar Panda

Keyword(s):

Elevated Serum ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Histopathological Study ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Lipid lowering effect of polyherbal formulations using eight different plants was evaluated in triton and diet induced hyperlipidemic models of wistar albino rats. Formulations such as Tablet, Syrup and Suspension inhibited the elevation in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels on Triton WR 1339 administration rats. The formulations at the same dose level significantly attenuated the elevated serum total cholesterol and triglycerides with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The standard drug Niacin showed slightly better effects. The treatment with herbal formulations produced 30-35 percentage improvement in oral glucose tolerance. Similarly all the formulations also reduced the elevated C-reactive protein which is a marker of Hyperlipidemia. In histopathological study it was found that treatment of polyherbal formulation significantly reduced the plaque size in aorta compared with HFD treated control group. The outcome of the study reveals the lipid lowering activity of polyherbal formulations in dyslipidaemic conditions by interfering with the biosynthesis of cholesterol and utilization of lipids.

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Evaluation of Lipid Lowering Effect of Milk Thistle (Silybum Marianum) in Comparison with Rosuvastatin in Rats by Using Ace-alera® Analyzer

International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.46300/91011.2020.14.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Control Group ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

High Dose ◽

Hypolipidemic Effect ◽

Low Density ◽

Therapeutic Protocols

Dyslipidemia is a metabolic disorder that is characterized with an elevation in the cholesterol serum levels that can be treated with various hypolipidemic drugs like rosuvastatin. The present study was undertaken to determine and evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of milk thistle seeds extract in comparison with rosuvastatin and the combination of both for the treatment of dyslipidemia in rats. Also its effect on blood glucose levels on experimentally induced dyslipidemic rats. In vivo studies were conducted on wister albino laboratory rats, in which 49 rats were induced to be dyslipidemic by a daily intragastric administration of cholesterol (2 g/kg). The induction of dyslipidemia was evaluated by comparing these rats with a negative control group that was composed of 10 healthy rats. Then, after one month dyslipidemia was induced in 49 rats that were divided into 6 groups, as the following; positive control group (n=9) received cholesterol (2 g/kg) for another one month, and the other five groups each of 8 rats continued to receive cholesterol (2 g/kg) for one month along with therapy as; rosuvastatin low dose (RL) group received 10 mg/kg, rosuvastatin high dose (RH) group received 20 mg/kg, milk thistle (MT) group received 7.15 mg/kg, (RL+MT) group received a combination of 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin and 7.15 mg/kg of milk thistle, and (RH+MT) group received a combination of 20 mg/kg of rosuvastatin and 7.15 mg/kg of milk thistle. The statistical results of biochemical analysis showed that all the studied therapeutic protocols whether given alone; RL, RH, and MT or in a combination; RL+MT and RH+MT led to a significant (p≤0.05) hypolipidemic effect that reduced the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. In conclusion, all therapeutic protocols were effective in treating dyslipidemia, as they all reduced the TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL, and increased the HDL cholesterol significantly (p≤0.05). Furthermore, we found that milk thistle can be used in the management of dyslipidemia, as it has a hypolipidemic effect. Also, the addition of milk thistle to rosuvastatin therapy reduced the risk of developing diabetes mellitus (DM), as it has a glucose modulating activity either when it was given alone or in combination with rosuvastatin. Moreover, the combination of milk thistle and rosuvastatin was of a great benefit, as it gave an intensive goal of therapy than each one alone in altering all lipid profile parameters.

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Physiological parameters and productive performance of rabbit does and their offsprings with dietary supplementation of soy lecithin

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 1078-1085

Author(s):

Youssef Abd El-Wahab Attia ◽

Abd El-Hamid El-Syed Abd El-Hamid ◽

Maria Cristina de Oliveira ◽

Sameer Attiyah Nagadi ◽

Kamel Ibrahim Kamel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Physiological Parameters ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Control Group ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Soy Lecithin ◽

Blood Constituents

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplementation with soy lecithin (SL) on the productive performance and blood constituents of rabbit females and their offsprings. A total of 40 rabbits does were distributed into four treatments: control group, no dietary SL inclusion; and three groups with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% SL inclusion in the diets. The inclusion of 1.5% SL increased the count of blood cells and hemoglobin concentrations; 0.5-1.0% SL reduced the total cholesterol levels in the blood, as well as the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the activities of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Supplementation with 1.0-1.5% SL resulted in higher milk production and heavier litters. Soy lecithin supplementation at 1% improves the physiological parameters and increases the milk production of rabbit does, also improving the performances of their offsprings.

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Growth performance and safety of meat from cattle feedlot finished with monensin in the ration

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p697 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mikael Neumann ◽

Robson Kyoshi Ueno ◽

Julio Cezar Heker Junior ◽

Eloize Jaqueline Askel ◽

André Martins de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Live Weight ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Control Group ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Edible Tissues ◽

Fat Thickness

Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirty-six animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg?1); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg?1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues.

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Production of laying hens in different rearing systems under hot weather

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i0.37677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 37677

Author(s):

Daniel Araujo Netto ◽

Héder José D'Ávila Lima ◽

Julia Rodrigues Alves ◽

Bianca Corrêa de Morais ◽

Mauricio Silva Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Production Systems ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Negative Effects ◽

External Quality ◽

Weight Variation ◽

Randomized Design

The environment is very important for the performance of laying hens; thus, techniques are required to improve production systems, providing better welfare for poultry and consequent increase in the quality of the final product, the egg. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rearing system, on the floor and in cage, on the performance and egg internal and external quality of laying hens. A total of 320 Hysex Brown laying hens, with 34-43 weeks days of age, was distributed in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, floor and cage, with 10 replicates each. The parameters evaluated were: individual feed intake, egg production per replicate, feed conversion per dozen eggs, egg weight; weight and percentage participation of shell, albumen and yolk, specific gravity, body weight variation and viability of birds. The results show that the birds raised on the floor showed best results as to egg production, besides the best internal and external quality, with greater weight of egg, yolk, albumen, shell and with lower losses of eggs. Because of the negative effects of the cage system, in general, hens presented lower results when compared to results of those raised on the floor.

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