Influence of Copra Meal in the Lambs Diet on In Vitro Ruminal Kinetics and Greenhouse Gases Production

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of copra meal (the waste coconut of the oil industry) on in vitro ruminal kinetic and greenhouse gases production and on in vivo lamb performance. Twenty-eight male Rambouillet sheep (initial body weight 24.5 ± 3.9 kg) were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: 0, 50, 100, and 150 g of copra meal/kg in their diet (dry matter basis). Final weight, weight gain, and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by the copra meal addition. The gas production volume (V) decreased, and the gas production rate increased, in a linear trend (p < 0.05) as copra meal was added to the diet. In contrast, methane and CO2 production showed an opposite quadratic trend (p < 0.05), with the highest and lowest values reported at 100 g/kg DM of copra meal, respectively. The addition of copra meal in the lambs’ diet decreases the volume of gas production and is a strategy to decrease methane and carbon dioxide production in feeding without affecting animal performance.

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PSXI-17 Influence of hops on in vitro ruminal fermentation of corn grain

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.809 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 408-408

Author(s):

Yamicela Castillo-Castillo ◽

Raul Solis ◽

Armando A Quintana ◽

Claudio Arzola ◽

Ana Luisa Olivas-Palacios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methane Production ◽

Beef Cows ◽

Gas Production ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Corn Grain

Abstract An in vitro incubation was carried out to evaluate the potential of hops (Humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics for upgrading animal production. Whole pellets of hops (Variety Galena) were ground and incubated in a batch culture of ruminal fluid (2000 mg of ground corn grain + 10 mL of fresh rumen liquor). Ruminal fluid was collected from two beef cows through an esophageal tube. The hops were incubated by 24 h at levels of 0, 800, 1600 and 2400 µg/mL. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance using PROC GLM of SAS. Hops addition linearly decreased (P < 0.01) gas production (GP; 90.89, 61.73, 36.63 and 28.37 µmol/g respectively) and methane production (MP; 9.76, 1.70, 1.30 and 0.46 µmol/g respectively). The CO2 production linearly increased as levels of hops increased (P < 0.02; 87.5, 88.4, 98.1 and 99.3 µmol/g respectively). The ammonia-N production was reduced in treatment 2 with respect to other treatments (P < 0.03; 12.6, 9.2, 13.7 and 13.5 µmol/g). Effects on ruminal fermentation of corn grain were dose dependent of hops. Addition of hops in ruminant feeding may offer a means to decrease ruminal methane production. Further research is needed to test efficacy of hops on other in vivo rumen-fermentation parameters.

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Effect of non-digestible oligosaccharides in diets for weaner pigs on in vitro fermentation

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600032438 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 30-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J.G.M. Houdijk ◽

B.A. Williams ◽

S. Tamminga ◽

M.W.A. Verstegen

Keyword(s):

Gas Production ◽

Production Technique ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Weaner Pigs

Dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) shifted the proportion of propionate (↑) and acetate (↓) compared to transgalactooligosaccharides (TOS) in weaner pigs' ileal digesta, both in vivo and in vitro (Houdijk et al., 1997). This could be related to different fermentation rates between these so-called non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). These rates were studied via the cumulative gas production technique comparing FOS, TOS, and glucose.

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Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2018-0033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 269-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafa Olfaz ◽

Unal Kilic ◽

Mustafa Boga ◽

Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi

Keyword(s):

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Gas Production ◽

Net Energy ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Tree Leaves ◽

Randomized Design ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

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Comparison of parameters from the Theodorou gas production technique using nitrogen-free and nitrogen-rich media as predictors of dry-matter intake and digestibility

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00032493 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 172-174

Author(s):

D. L. Romney ◽

F. C. Cadario ◽

E. Owen ◽

A .H. Murray

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Gas Production ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Production Technique ◽

N Supply ◽

Fermentation Method ◽

Rich Media ◽

Production Techniques

Parameters from in vitro gas production techniques could have potential as predictors of dry-matter intake (DMI) and digestibility. Fermentation is usually carried out under conditions where nitrogen (N) is not limiting. Therefore where N supply is a constraint to intake and digestibility, prediction equations may be inaccurate. This study compared the use of N-free and N-rich media in an in vitro fermentation method (Theodorou et al., 1994) and studied the relationships between in vitro and in vivo parameters obtained using both media.

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Substrate utilization and oxygen consumption by canine jejunal mucosa in vitro

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.1.139 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 229 (1) ◽

pp. 139-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

RG Lester ◽

E Grim

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Carbon Dioxide Production ◽

Substrate Utilization ◽

Mean Value ◽

Jejunal Mucosa ◽

Single Animal ◽

Endogenous Substrate ◽

Time Basis

Oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and substrate utilization by small pieces of canine jejunal mucosa have been measured in vitro. In the absence of added substrate, the Qo2 was 0.21 mumol/h per mg dry wt and the respiratory quotient (RQ) was 0.73 indicating the endogenous substrate to be lipid in nature. When glucose or galactose was added, Qo2 and RQ increased. Metabolism of the endogenous substrate was depressed by fructose but not by glucose or galactose. Less than 15% of the metabolized glucose and fructose was degraded to Co2; 80% of the metabolized glucose was recovered as lactate. Galactose disappeared at one-seventh the rate of glucose, but 40% of that metabolized was degrated to CO2. In all experiments Qo2 showed marked cyclic fluctuations with an amplitude of 30-40% of the mean value and a period of 30-40 min. For tissues from a single animal, the cycles were in phase on a clock time basis, indicating that the cycles were synchronized by some in vivo mechanism.

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Combining in vitro data and modelling to predict in vivo animal response

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500042382 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 135-144

Author(s):

Jan Dijkstra ◽

James France

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Description ◽

Gas Production ◽

Biological Data ◽

Mathematical Methods ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Fractional Rate ◽

Microbial Efficiency ◽

Definition Of

SummaryExisting feed evaluation systems for ruminants assess the feed value in a rather empirical way, with a limited ability to integrate metabolism in a meaningful framework. For the quantitative description of the mechanisms, appropriate biological data can be obtained using in vitro methods. The aim of this paper is to examine the use of modelling and in vitro data to predict digestion processes in vivo. Suitable mathematical methods are required to describe and interpret substrate disappearance profiles or gas production profiles. The derivation of such models is important since this allows a clear definition of the underlying assumptions made. Such assumptions are related to the change in fractional rate of degradation (kd) during incubation that will determine the shape of the profile. Furthermore, the value of the fractional passage rate (kp) is of crucial importance in the prediction of extent of degradation in the rumen. The development and application of models, based on classic microbial growth equations, clearly shows that observed variation in microbial efficiency in batch cultures (including the gas production technique) is not necessarily related to that in vivo. Rather, kp is again a major factor contributing to explanation of variation in microbial efficiency. Similarly, the end products of fermentation (VFA) and the VFA molar proportions can be estimated in vitro, but its direct applicability to the in vivo situation is limited. It is concluded that some potential uses of in vitro techniques are ultimately misleading. Mechanistic models indicate that mechanisms governing microbial efficiency and VFA molar proportions in vitro are not necessarily valid for the in vivo situation. Therefore, the in vitro data cannot be used directly for a uniform system of feed evaluation to predict animal responses. Rather, the in vitro data obtained for substrate degradation may be used in whole rumen models as a basal input value to indicate the degradation potential.

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Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for thein vitrogas production technique under tropical conditions

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200003069 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 151-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

I.C.S. Bueno ◽

A.L. Abdalla ◽

S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽

D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽

E. Owen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Gas Production ◽

Barley Straw ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Microbial Mass

The use of small ruminants, such as sheep, in metabolism studies is more convenient as handling problems are reduced and their maintenance costs are lower, in comparison with cattle. However in vivo digestibility estimates obtained at maintenance are known to differ between these two species. With the increased use ofin vitrogas production techniques, to evaluate ruminant feedingstuffs, it is of great importance to identify whether the species from which the rumen fluid inoculum is obtained has a significant influence on the results obtained.Rumen fluid samples were obtained from a non-lactating Holstein cow (C) and six wether sheep (S) offered the same diet (80 % tropical grass and 20 % dairy concentrate) and prepared so as to have similar dry matter (DM) contents and therefore potentially the microbial mass. Nine substrates (two tropical grasses 1-2, tropical alfalfa 3, barley straw 4, and five temperate grasses 5-9) were examined.

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Effect of feeding lactose on rumen metabolism in-vitro and in-vivo

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s030822960003381x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 168-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Hussain ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Adaptation Period ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Rumen Metabolism ◽

Lactose Fermentation ◽

Better Regulation ◽

Effect Of Feeding

Inclusion of lactose in dairy cow rations increases dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield (Garnsworthy 1996). This may be due to the relatively slow rate of lactose fermentation ( Hussain and Miller, 1998) sustaining better regulation of rumen pH and also possible consequence for microbial protein synthesis (Chamberlain et al., 1993).This experiment was conducted to study the changes in rumen environment over the adaptation period and effect of these changes on the fermentation of lactose itself.Three Suffolk wethers (b.wt 56± 7.36 kg) maintained on hay and concentrate (600:400) were offered 50g lactose per day for 16 days. Rumen liquor collected on dayO (before offering lactose), 4, 8, 12 and 16 was used to measure gas production from sucrose and lactose ( Menke et al., 1979). On these days rumen samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs after the morning feed. Rumen pH, ammonia N (NH3N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured. At 8 hrs time rumen samples were also taken for protozoa enumeration. Data obtained were analysed using ANOVA procedure of Genstat 5.

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Effect of inclusion of graded level of water hyacinth on in vitro gas production kinetics and chemical composition of alfalfa hay based beef cattle diets

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.11417 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerardo Pamanes-Carrasco ◽

Manuel Murillo-Ortiz ◽

Esperanza Herrera-Torres ◽

Agustin Corral-Luna

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Methane Production ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Gas Production ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Alfalfa Hay

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of water hyacinth (WH) as a possible substitution of alfalfa hay (AH) in diets of beef cattle on in vitro methane production, gas kinetics and chemical composition. AH in the diets was substituted by WH at 0% (T1, as a control), 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). Methane, CO2 and gas production parameters were recorded after 24 and 48h of incubation. NDF, condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds increased when AH was substituted. Likewise, the net gas production decreased linearly when AH was substituted. However, gas production rate among treatments were similar. Methane and CO2 production decreased linearly with inclusion of WH. These results indicate that WH arises as a promising alternative for mitigating methane production in ruminants.

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Fermentabilitas ruminal secara in vitro suplementasi tepung daun gamal, kelor, randu dan sengon dalam konsentrat hijau

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan ◽

10.21776/ub.jiip.2018.028.03.04 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 213

Author(s):

Eko Marhaeniyanto ◽

Sri Susanti

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Gas Production ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Ceiba Pentandra ◽

Randomized Block Design

The aim of this research was to study the in vitro ruminal fermentability of supplementation of Gliricidia sepium, Moringa oleifera, Lamk (MOL), Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed to be tested on sheep. This research with the experimental methods was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 3 groups. The treatment feed tested consisted of concentrate without leaves and concentrate with leaf meal supplementation. Crude protein content (CP) concentrates were prepared 16%, 18% and 20%. Supplementation uses a mixture of Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed (1: 1: 1: 1) as much as 10%, 20% and 30%. The measured variables were degradation of dry matter (DDM) and degradation of organic matter (DOM), gas production rate, microbial biomass and NH3 concentration. The use of mixed leaf meal in concentrate feed resulted in in vitro DDM as well as concentrate feed without leaf meal supplementation. Supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 30% with CP 20% resulted in a decrease in the value of fermentability. The supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 20% in concentrate feed with CP 18% produced the best fermentability value. Suggested for in-vivo trials on sheep using 18% protein concentrate feed by utilizing Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed as cheap protein sources.

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