Effect of Greenhouse CO2 Supplementation on Yield and Mineral Element Concentrations of Leafy Greens Grown Using Nutrient Film Technique

Carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is reported to be the most important climate variable in greenhouse production with its effect on plant photosynthetic assimilation. A greenhouse study was conducted using a nutrient film technique (NFT) system to quantify the effect of two different levels of CO2 (supplemented at an average of 800 ppm and ambient at ~410 ppm) on growth and nutritional quality of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) ‘Cardinal’, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) ‘Magenta Sunset’ cultivars. Two identical greenhouses were used: one with CO2 supplementation and the other serving as the control with an ambient CO2 concentration. The results indicate that supplemented CO2 could significantly increase the height and width of hydroponically grown leafy greens. Supplemented CO2 increased the fresh weight of basil ‘Cardinal’, lettuce ‘Auvona’, and Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ by 29%, 24.7%, and 39.5%, respectively, and dry weight by 34.4%, 21.4%, and 40.1%, respectively. These results correspond to a significant reduction in Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and atLEAF values, which represent a decrease in leaf chlorophyll content under supplemented CO2 conditions. Chlorophyll, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations were generally lower in plants grown in supplemented CO2 conditions, but the results were not consistent for each species. Supplemented CO2 reduced tissue N concentration for basil ‘Cardinal’ and lettuce ‘Auvona’ but not Swiss chard, while Mg concentration was reduced in supplemented CO2 for Swiss chard ‘Magenta Sunset’ only. In contrast, Fe concentration was increased under supplemented CO2 for basil ‘Cardinal’ only. These findings suggest CO2 supplementation could increase yield of leafy greens grown with hydroponics and have varying impact on different mineral concentrations among species.

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Fertilizer and Cultivar Selection of Lettuce, Basil, and Swiss Chard for Hydroponic Production

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04178-18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hardeep Singh ◽

Bruce Dunn ◽

Mark Payton ◽

Lynn Brandenberger

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Cultivar Selection ◽

Nutrient Film Technique ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optimum Production ◽

Selection Of

Nutrient-film technique (NFT) trials were conducted to quantify the effect of two different water-soluble hydroponic fertilizers (5N–4.8P–21.6K and 5N–5.2P–21.6K) on different cultivars of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and swiss chard (Beta vulgaris). Results indicated swiss chard yield was affected only by cultivars, with Fordhook Giant producing the greatest fresh weight across fertilizer treatments. For lettuce production, interaction between fertilizers and cultivars was significant. ‘Mirlo’ and ‘Rubysky’ had greater growth compared with other cultivars in both fertilizers, whereas Dragoon performed well using 5N–4.8P–21.6K, but not 5N–5.2P–21.6K. For basil, dry weight production showed a significant interaction between fertilizers and cultivars. ‘Largeleaf’ produced greater dry weight with 5N–4.8P–21.6K, whereas ‘Lemon’ produced greater dry weight with 5N–5.2P–21.6K. For nutrient concentration of leaves, the concentrations were within the recommended range for lettuce when fertilized with 5N–5.2P–21.6K. Nutrient concentrations varied by nutrient from the recommended range for basil, but there was no significant difference between fertilizers. For swiss chard, the nutrient concentrations were in the recommended range and there was no difference between fertilizers. Therefore, growers may need to use more than one type of fertilizer for different lettuce and basil cultivars for optimum production, whereas swiss chard cultivars can be selected based on yield regardless of fertilizer.

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The Synergistic Effect of PM2.5 and CO2 Concentrations on Occupant Satisfaction and Work Productivity in a Meeting Room

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18084109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 4109

Author(s):

Jindong Wu ◽

Jiantao Weng ◽

Bing Xia ◽

Yujie Zhao ◽

Qiuji Song

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Work Productivity ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Human Beings ◽

Meeting Room ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Occupant Satisfaction ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

High indoor air quality is crucial for the health of human beings. The purpose of this work is to analyze the synergistic effect of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on occupant satisfaction and work productivity. This study carried out a real-scale experiments in a meeting room with exposures of up to one hour. Indoor environment parameters, including air temperature, relative humidity, illuminance, and noise level, were controlled at a reasonable level. Twenty-nine young participants were participated in the experiments. Four mental tasks were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the work productivity of occupants and a questionnaire was used to access participants’ satisfaction. The Spearman correlation analysis and two-way analysis of variance were applied. It was found that the overall performance declined by 1% for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration. Moreover, for every 10% increase in dissatisfaction with air quality, productivity performance decreased by 1.1% or more. It should be noted that a high CO2 concentration (800 ppm) has a stronger negative effect on occupant satisfaction towards air quality than PM2.5 concentration in a non-ventilated room. In order to obtain optimal occupant satisfaction and work productivity, low concentrations of PM2.5 (<50 μg/m3) and CO2 (<700 ppm) are recommended.

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The Exploitation of Local Vitis vinifera L. Biodiversity as a Valuable Tool to Cope with Climate Change Maintaining Berry Quality

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

María Carmen Antolín ◽

María Toledo ◽

Inmaculada Pascual ◽

Juan José Irigoyen ◽

Nieves Goicoechea

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Quality ◽

Berry Quality ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

(1) Background: The associated increase in global mean surface temperature together with raised atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration is exerting a profound influence on grapevine development (phenology) and grape quality. The exploitation of the local genetic diversity based on the recovery of ancient varieties has been proposed as an interesting option to cope with climate change and maintaining grape quality. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize the potential fruit quality of genotypes from seven local old grapevine varieties grown under climate change conditions. (2) Methods: The study was carried out on fruit-bearing cuttings (one cluster per plant) that were grown in pots in temperature gradient greenhouses (TGG). Two treatments were applied from fruit set to maturity: (1) ambient CO2 (400 ppm) and temperature (T) (ACAT) and (2) elevated CO2 (700 ppm) and temperature (T + 4 °C) (ECET). (3) Results: Results showed that some of the old genotypes tested remained quite stable during the climate change conditions in terms of fruit quality (mainly, total soluble solids and phenolic content) and of must antioxidant properties. (4) Conclusion: This research underlines the usefulness of exploiting local grapevine diversity to cope with climate change successfully, although further studies under field conditions and with whole plants are needed before extrapolating the results to the vineyard.

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Reducing Substrate Moisture Content during Greenhouse Production of Poinsettia Improves Postproduction Quality and Economic Value

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13484-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1618-1628

Author(s):

Yanjun Guo ◽

Terri Starman ◽

Charles Hall

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Economic Value ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Number ◽

Stem Length ◽

Total Production ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Ethylene Concentration ◽

Substrate Moisture

The objective was to determine the effect of substrate moisture content (SMC) during poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) greenhouse production on plant quality, postproduction longevity, and economic value. Two experiments were conducted, one in 2016 with ‘Freedom Red’ and the other in 2017 with ‘Christmas Eve Red’. Treatments included two SMC levels (20% or 40%) applied in four timing of application combinations. Total production (TP) time was 14 (2016) or 12 (2017) weeks in which vegetative production (VP) occurred from week 33 (2016) or 35 (2017) to week 39 and reproductive production (RP) continued from week 40 to 47. The four timing of application treatments were 40/40 = TP at 40% SMC; 20/40 = VP at 20% + RP at 40%; 40/20 = VP at 40% + RP at 20%; 20/20 = TP at 20% SMC. After simulated shipping in the dark, plants were evaluated in a simulated retail environment with two packaging treatments: no sleeve covering or plastic perforated plant sleeves covering container and plant. At the end of greenhouse production, plants grown in 20% SMC during RP (20/20 and 40/20) had shorter bract internode length, stem length, and smaller growth index (GI), decreased shoot and root dry weight (DW), and bract and leaf surface area compared with those in 40% SMC during RP (40/40 and 20/40). Photosynthetic rate was higher when plants were watered at 40% SMC regardless of production stage compared with those in 20% SMC. Leaf thickness, petiole thickness, total bract and leaf number were unaffected by SMC treatments. Plants in 20% SMC during RP (20/20 or 40/20) had earlier bract coloring despite days to anthesis being the same for all SMC treatments. Compared with 40/40, 40/20, and 20/20 could save 44.2% or 43.6%, respectively, irrigation and fertilizer usage, and 39.1% and 47.8%, respectively, labor time. During postharvest, ethylene concentration was unaffected by packaging method. Sleeved plants, regardless of SMC treatment, received lower light intensity in the middle of the plant canopy, causing plants to have lower total leaf number due to abscission and SPAD reading at the end of postproduction. The 40/40 treatment abscised more bracts during five weeks (in 2016) of postproduction and with no sleeve had higher number of bracts with bract edge burn (BEB). In summary, reducing SMC to 20% during TP or RP reduced water usage during production and produced more compact plants with increased postproduction quality.

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Carbon Stock Estimation of Mangrove Forest in Village Margasari Sub-District Labuhan Maringgai District East Lampung

Jurnal Sylva Lestari ◽

10.23960/jsl1667-75 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cahyaning Windarni ◽

Agus Setiawan ◽

Rusita Rusita

Keyword(s):

Mangrove Forest ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Line Transect ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

First Line ◽

Average Biomass ◽

Stock Estimation ◽

Total Dry Weight

Increasing CO2 in the atmosphere and decreasing amount of forest as absorb CO2are factors which was the underlying repercussion of climate change. One of solutions for decreasing CO2 concentration through the forest vegetation’s development and emendation. Mangrove forest estimated that effectively absorb carbon through photosynthesis. The purpose of the studyis to estimate the stand and litter carbon stock of mangrove forest. The research used line transectmethod. The first line and plot determined randomly then the next lineand plots was sistematically. The observation plots had measurement with amount of 20m x 20m with spacing between plot in line 20 m with total 20 plots. Each plot was measured diameter just ≥ 5 cm. Each plot made observations litter sub plots with amount of 0,5 m x 0,5 m. Carbon estimation of stand biomass using allometric equations B = 0,1848D2.3624 and litter biomass using total dry weight. Carbon concentration of organic material typically contains around 46% thus multiplying the biomass by 46%. The average biomass of mangrove forests amounted to 431,78 tons/ha. Carbon estimated of mangrove stand was 197,36 ton/ha and litter carbon was 1,25 ton/ha, based on the research total of carbon mangrove forest was198,61 ton/ha. Keywords:carbon above ground,line transect, mangrove forest

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Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelet on the Carbonation Depth of Concrete under Changing Climate Conditions

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11199265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 9265

Author(s):

Yingzi Zhang ◽

Yanze Wang ◽

Mingqian Yang ◽

Huatao Wang ◽

Guofang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Sample ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Favorable Effect ◽

Carbonation Depth ◽

Graphene Nanoplatelet ◽

Carbonation Reaction ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Ordinary Concrete ◽

Changing Climate ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

Climate change has been unprecedented in the past decades or even thousands of years, which has had an adverse impact on the mechanical properties of concrete structures. Many researchers have begun to study new concrete materials. Graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) is an attractive nanomaterial that can change the crystal structure of concrete and improve durability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of GNP (0.05%wt) on the carbonation depth of concrete under simulated changing climate conditions (varying temperature, relative humidity, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration), and compare it with ordinary concrete. When the concentration of CO2 is variable, the carbonation depth of graphene concrete is 10% to 20% lower than that of ordinary concrete. When the temperature is lower than 33 °C, the carbonation depth of graphene concrete is less than that of the control sample; however, above 33 °C, the thermal conductivity of GNP increases the carbonation reaction rate of concrete. When the humidity is a variable, the carbonation depth of graphene concrete is less than 15% to 30% of ordinary concrete, and when the humidity is higher than 78%, the difference in the carbonation depth between the ordinary concrete and the graphene concrete decreases gradually. The overall results indicated that GNP has a favorable effect on anti-carbonation performance under changing climate conditions.

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Fishwaste Compost Medium Improves Growth and Quality of Container-grown Marigolds and Geraniums Without Leaching

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-18.2.93 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 93-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.L. Hummel ◽

S. Kuo ◽

D. Winters ◽

E.J. Jellum

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salt Content ◽

Value Added ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Greenhouse Production ◽

Available N ◽

N Source ◽

Growing Medium

Abstract Utilization of fish waste for producing fishwaste compost (FWC) as a value-added product is preferred to disposing of it in ocean dumping or landfills. This study determined: (i) the effectiveness of FWC as a container-growth medium and N source for greenhouse production of marigolds (Tagetes patula L. ‘Queen Sophia’) and geraniums (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Sprinter Scarlet’) that were drip-irrigated to prevent leaching; and (ii) if leaching was necessary to sustain plant growth. In a 3 by 3 factorial experiment, plants were grown in 100% FWC, 50% FWC:50% Douglas-fir bark (B), and 100% B at 0, 160, and 320 mg (0, 0.0056, 0.0112 oz) N container−1 applied as NH4NO3 every 2 weeks. Under drip irrigation, FWC in the 100% FWC growing medium supplied a sufficient amount of available N up to 7 weeks after transplanting to produce plant quality, shoot growth index (SGI), and shoot and root dry weights comparable to those treated with 320 mg N container−1. In the 50% FWC: 50% B growing medium fertilization with 320 mg N improved plant growth and quality 7 weeks after transplanting. The concentration of inorganic N (NO3 plus NH4) in the 100% FWC declined to very low levels 7 weeks after transplanting. This indicated that FWC used as the sole component of the growing medium was an effective N source for marigolds and geraniums up to 7 weeks after transplant. Compared with no leach plants, irrigation of 100% FWC marigolds with a weekly leaching fraction of about 0.55 did not affect quality, SGI, and shoot dry weight at the time-of-sale, 7 weeks after transplant. The FWC did not have sufficiently high salt content to require minimum leaching to prevent salt injury to the plants.

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Multi-Year Comparison of CO2 Concentration from NOAA Carbon Tracker Reanalysis Model with Data from GOSAT and OCO-2 over Asia

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12152498 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 2498

Author(s):

Farhan Mustafa ◽

Lingbing Bu ◽

Qin Wang ◽

Md. Arfan Ali ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Budget ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Spatial Correlations ◽

Western Asia ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

Good Agreement

Accurate knowledge of the carbon budget on global and regional scales is critically important to design mitigation strategies aimed at stabilizing the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. For a better understanding of CO2 variation trends over Asia, in this study, the column-averaged CO2 dry air mole fraction (XCO2) derived from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CarbonTracker (CT) was compared with that of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) from September 2009 to August 2019 and with Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) from September 2014 until August 2019. Moreover, monthly averaged time-series and seasonal climatology comparisons were also performed separately over the five regions of Asia; i.e., Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Western Asia. The results show that XCO2 from GOSAT is higher than the XCO2 simulated by CT by an amount of 0.61 ppm, whereas, OCO-2 XCO2 is lower than CT by 0.31 ppm on average, over Asia. The mean spatial correlations of 0.93 and 0.89 and average Root Mean Square Deviations (RMSDs) of 2.61 and 2.16 ppm were found between the CT and GOSAT, and CT and OCO-2, respectively, implying the existence of a good agreement between the CT and the other two satellites datasets. The spatial distribution of the datasets shows that the larger uncertainties exist over the southwest part of China. Over Asia, NOAA CT shows a good agreement with GOSAT and OCO-2 in terms of spatial distribution, monthly averaged time series, and seasonal climatology with small biases. These results suggest that CO2 can be used from either of the datasets to understand its role in the carbon budget, climate change, and air quality at regional to global scales.

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Indoor Environmental Quality Evaluation of Lecture Classrooms in an Institutional Building in a Cold Climate

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11236591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 6591 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Lexuan Zhong ◽

Jing Yuan ◽

Brian Fleck

Keyword(s):

Environmental Quality ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Sound Level ◽

Cold Climate ◽

Indoor Environmental Quality ◽

Ann Model ◽

University Of Alberta ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽

The University

In this paper, ventilation, indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal and acoustic conditions, and lighting were studied to evaluate the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in an institutional building at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. This study examined IEQ parameters, including pressure, illuminance, acoustics, carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, temperature, and humidity, with appropriate monitors allocated during a lecture (duration 50 min or 80 min) in four lecture classrooms repeatedly (N = 99) from October 2018 to March 2019 with the objectives of providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between IEQ parameters. The classroom environments were maintained at 23 ± 1 °C and 33% ± 3% RH during two-season measurements. Indoor mean CO2 concentrations were 550–1055 ppm, and a mean sound level of 58 ± 3 dBA was observed. The air change rates were configured at 1.3–6.5 per hour based on continuous CO2 measurements and occupant loads in the lectures. A variance analysis indicated that the within-lecture classroom variations in most IEQ parameters exceeded between-lecture classrooms. A multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed on the basis of feedforward networks with a backpropagation algorithm. ANN results demonstrated the importance of the sequence of covariates on indoor conditions (temperature, RH, and CO2 level): Air change rate (ACR) > room operations (occupant number and light system) > outdoor conditions.

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Direct Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Cyclic Organic Carbonates under Mild Reaction Conditions by Metal—Organic Frameworks

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal9010034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Seong Huh

Keyword(s):

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Cycloaddition Reaction ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Catalytic Systems ◽

Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽

Electrochemical Conversion ◽

Modern Chemical ◽

Metal Organic ◽

Carbon Dioxide Co2

The reduction of the representative greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), is significantly an important theme for the current research in the modern chemical world. For the last two decades, the development of new metal-organic framework (MOF) systems with highly selective capture of CO2, in the presence of other competing gaseous molecules, has flourished to capture or separate CO2 for environmental protection. Nonetheless, the ultimate resolution to lessen the atmospheric CO2 concentration may be in the chemical or electrochemical conversion of CO2 to other compounds. In this context, the catalytic cycloaddition reaction of CO2 into organic epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates is a more attractive method. MOFs are being proven as efficient heterogeneous catalytic systems for this important reaction. In this review, we collected very recent progress in MOF-based catalytic systems, fully operable under very mild reaction conditions (room temperature and 1 atm CO2).

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