scholarly journals Brassinosteroid Signaling Pathways Interplaying with Diverse Signaling Cues for Crop Enhancement

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Hyeona Hwang ◽  
Hojin Ryu ◽  
Hyunwoo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Recent Advances

The signaling pathways of brassinosteroids (BRs), a unique plant steroid hormone, are critically involved in a diverse range of plant growth and developmental processes as well as many important agronomic traits. Recent advances in the understanding of BR biosynthetic and signaling pathways in model organisms and crops have increased the feasibility of modulating BR responses in crop plants to enhance adaptation to various vulnerable environmental changes. In particular, the identification and functional analysis of BR signaling components in rice (Oryza sativa) present the possibility of their utilization to improve many agricultural traits involved in crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent advances and progress in the understanding of the BR signaling pathway and its interactions with diverse internal and external signaling cues. We also discuss how these physiological modulations of BR and the abundant signaling crosstalk can be applied to enhance rice productivity through the manipulation of plant architecture and fine-tuning of stress responses. Finally, we discuss how the complex regulation of BR signaling pathways could favor application in the molecular design of plant growth and development, precise breeding strategies, and cultivation methods for rice crop improvement.

The role of the chemical industry in improving the effectiveness of agriculture

1985 ◽  
Vol 310 (1144) ◽  
pp. 201-213 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Basic Plant ◽  
Technological Opportunities

The development and marketing of novel technology by the chemical industry has been a fundamental ingredient in the improvement of crop yields. Further advances will result from the continuing development of more effective pesticides. Improved application technology and better diagnosis of precise crop requirements will also lead to the more efficient usage of existing and future products. New approaches to crop improvement based on chemical plant-growth regulators and genetic engineering of plants represent major technological opportunities for the future. Realization of these opportunities demands a substantially increased investment in basic plant research, a requirement already recognized within the chemical industry.

scholarly journals Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Agriculture: An Important Natural Resource for Crop Improvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Debnirmalya Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ashmita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Environmentally Sound

It is usually admitted that the chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in modern agriculture create a real environmental and public health problems. The increasing demand for production with a significant reduction of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides use is a big challenge nowadays. The use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria or PGPR has been proven to be an environmentally sound way of increasing crop yields by facilitating plant growth through either a direct or indirect mechanism. They play an important role to increase in soil fertility, plant growth promotion and suppression of phytopathogens for development of ecofriendly sustainable agriculture. In view of the latest advances in PGPR biotechnology, this paper proposes to do the review on PGPR in rhizosphere and describes the different mechanisms used by PGPR to promote the plants growth and health. In prospect to a healthy and sustainable agriculture, the PGPR approach revealed as one of the best ecofriendly alternatives.

scholarly journals The SWI/SNF ATP-Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complex in Arabidopsis Responds to Environmental Changes in Temperature-Dependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika M. Gratkowska-Zmuda ◽  
Szymon Kubala ◽  
Elzbieta Sarnowska ◽  
Pawel Cwiek ◽  
Paulina Oksinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nucleosome Remodeling ◽  
The Core

SWI/SNF ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes (CRCs) play important roles in the regulation of transcription, cell cycle, DNA replication, repair, and hormone signaling in eukaryotes. The core of SWI/SNF CRCs composed of a SWI2/SNF2 type ATPase, a SNF5 and two of SWI3 subunits is sufficient for execution of nucleosome remodeling in vitro. The Arabidopsis genome encodes four SWI2/SNF2 ATPases, four SWI3, a single SNF5 and two SWP73 subunits. Genes of the core SWI/SNF components have critical but not fully overlapping roles during plant growth, embryogenesis, and sporophyte development. Here we show that the Arabidopsis swi3c mutant exhibits a phenotypic reversion when grown at lower temperature resulting in partial restoration of its embryo, root development and fertility defects. Our data indicates that the swi3c mutation alters the expression of several genes engaged in low temperature responses. The location of SWI3C-containing SWI/SNF CRCs on the ICE1, MYB15 and CBF1 target genes depends on the temperature conditions, and the swi3c mutation thus also influences the transcription of several cold-responsive (COR) genes. These findings, together with genetic analysis of swi3c/ice1 double mutant and enhanced freezing tolerance of swi3c plants illustrate that SWI/SNF CRCs contribute to fine-tuning of plant growth responses to different temperature regimes.

miR166h Directed Cleavage of Target Upon PGPR Inoculation Under Drought Stress and Tissue-Specific Expression Analysis Under Abiotic Stresses in Chickpea.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Yadav ◽  
Sanoj Kumar ◽  
Rita Verma ◽  
Shashi Pandey Rai ◽  
Charu Lata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstract Legumes are an indispensable food after cereals with extensive production across the world. The legume production is imposed with limitations and has been augmented by various environmental stresses. The symbiotic relations between legumes and rhizobacteria have been an intriguing topic of research in view of their roles in plant growth, development and various stress responses. Recent advances on gene networks involving plethora of evolutionarily conserved miRNAs have been investigated pertaining to their roles in plant stress responses. The interaction between plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strain Pseudomonas putida RA, MTCC5279 and abiotic stress responsive miRNAs have previously been studied with roles in abiotic stress mitigation by modulating stress responsive miRNAs and their target genes. The present studyis an investigation involving the role of RA in abiotic stress responsive miR166h for drought mitigation in tolerant desi chickpea genotype. miRNA166 directed cleavage of its target, ATHB15 has been drifted of drought treated plantlets upon RA inoculation using 5´RLM-RACE analysis. Drought stressed chickpea plants when inoculated with growth promoting rhizobacteria, RA, the inverse correlation in expression patterns were noticed in miR166h and its validated target, ATHB15. Tissue-specific expression patterns in 15 days old chickpea seedlings including leaves, shoot and roots when exposed to salinity, drought and abscisic acid at different time points indicated the role of miR166 in different abiotic stress response. In view of the results, validation and functional characterization of such interactions involving stress responsive miRNAs along with microbial stress management techniques could be an important technique for crop improvement.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hong Hu ◽  
Peng-Qi Wang ◽  
Peng-Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiu-Min Nie ◽  
Bin-Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Respiratory Burst Oxidase ◽  
Development Regulation

NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme’s structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling. This review focuses on recent advances of NOXs/RBOHs on cell growth, hormone interaction, calcium signaling, abiotic stress responses, and immunity. Several primary particles, including Ca2+, CDPKs, BIK1, ROPs/RACs, CERK, FER, ANX, SnRK and SIK1-mediated regulatory mechanisms, are fully summarized to illustrate the signaling behavior of NOXs/RBOHs and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalks. Diverse expression and activation regulation models endow NOXs/RBOHs powerful and versatile functions in plants to maintain innate immune homeostasis and development integrity. NOXs/RBOHs and their related regulatory items are the ideal targets for crop improvement in both yield and quality during agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Functional genomics to study stress responses in crop legumes: progress and prospects

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himabindu Kudapa ◽  
Abirami Ramalingam ◽  
Swapna Nayakoti ◽  
Xiaoping Chen ◽  
Wei-Jian Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Recent Advances

Legumes are important food crops worldwide, contributing to more than 33% of human dietary protein. The production of crop legumes is frequently impacted by abiotic and biotic stresses. It is therefore important to identify genes conferring resistance to biotic stresses and tolerance to abiotic stresses that can be used to both understand molecular mechanisms of plant response to the environment and to accelerate crop improvement. Recent advances in genomics offer a range of approaches such as the sequencing of genomes and transcriptomes, gene expression microarray as well as RNA-seq based gene expression profiling, and map-based cloning for the identification and isolation of biotic and abiotic stress-responsive genes in several crop legumes. These candidate stress associated genes should provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and ultimately help to develop legume varieties with improved stress tolerance and productivity under adverse conditions. This review provides an overview on recent advances in the functional genomics of crop legumes that includes the discovery as well as validation of candidate genes.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide molecular targets: reprogramming plant development upon stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4441-4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Sánchez-Vicente ◽  
María Guadalupe Fernández-Espinosa ◽  
Oscar Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Tyrosine Residues ◽  
Sessile Organisms

AbstractPlants are sessile organisms that need to complete their life cycle by the integration of different abiotic and biotic environmental signals, tailoring developmental cues and defense concomitantly. Commonly, stress responses are detrimental to plant growth and, despite the fact that intensive efforts have been made to understand both plant development and defense separately, most of the molecular basis of this trade-off remains elusive. To cope with such a diverse range of processes, plants have developed several strategies including the precise balance of key plant growth and stress regulators [i.e. phytohormones, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)]. Among RNS, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gasotransmitter involved in redox homeostasis that regulates specific checkpoints to control the switch between development and stress, mainly by post-translational protein modifications comprising S-nitrosation of cysteine residues and metals, and nitration of tyrosine residues. In this review, we have sought to compile those known NO molecular targets able to balance the crossroads between plant development and stress, with special emphasis on the metabolism, perception, and signaling of the phytohormones abscisic acid and salicylic acid during abiotic and biotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Effect of the Pesticide Endosulfan and Two Different Biostimulants on the Stress Responses of Phaseolus leptostachyus Plants Grown in a Saline Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Anbu Landa-Faz ◽  
Sara González-Orenga ◽  
Monica Boscaiu ◽  
Refugio Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Oscar Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Germination And Growth

Soil salinity and the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has significantly reduced the productivity of the ‘Chinampas’ agroecosystem in Mexico City. Crop improvement under these stressful conditions may be achieved by soil bioremediation. In this study, we checked the effects of the organochlorine pesticide endosulfan and bioremediation with Penicillium crustosum or a citric waste on the growth of Phaseolus leptostachyus plants in saline soil from the Chinampas area. Biochemical markers associated with specific stress responses were also determined after one month of growth in the different substrates. Plant growth was stimulated by bioremediation of the soil. Both biostimulants reduced the degree of stress affecting the plants, as shown by the increase in photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 contents, and the activation of antioxidant systems. However, the biostimulants appeared to mitigate oxidative stress through different mechanisms. Endosulfan contamination inhibited seed germination—which was reverted to control values in the presence of the biostimulants—and further decreased plant growth. No clear patterns of variation of biochemical stress markers were observed combining endosulfan and the biostimulants. In any case, bioremediation with P. crustosum and/or citric waste is recommended to improve the germination and growth of P. leptostachyus plants.

scholarly journals Updates on BES1/BZR1 Regulatory Networks Coordinating Plant Growth and Stress Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Kono ◽  
Yanhai Yin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Balance Growth ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Signaling ◽  
Master Regulators

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of many dimensions of a plant’s life. Hence, through extensive efforts from many research groups, BR signaling has emerged as one of the best-characterized plant signaling pathways. The key molecular players of BR signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus important for the regulation of plant growth and development are well-established. Recent data show that BRs also modulate plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and pathogen infection. In this mini review, we present the recent progress in BR signaling specifically in the post-translational SUMO modification of BR’s master regulators, BES1/BZR1. We also discuss recent findings on the crosstalk between BR, UV light, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways to balance growth during light stress and pathogen infections. Finally, we describe the current update on the molecular link between BR signaling and intracellular auxin transport that essential for plant development.

scholarly journals Signaling Peptides Regulating Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun Kim ◽  
Byeong Wook Jeon ◽  
Jungmook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Signaling Peptides

As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to constantly changing environments that are often stressful for their growth and development. To cope with these stresses, plants have evolved complex and sophisticated stress-responsive signaling pathways regulating the expression of transcription factors and biosynthesis of osmolytes that confer tolerance to plants. Signaling peptides acting like phytohormones control various aspects of plant growth and development via cell-cell communication networks. These peptides are typically recognized by membrane-embedded receptor-like kinases, inducing activation of cellular signaling to control plant growth and development. Recent studies have revealed that several signaling peptides play important roles in plant responses to abiotic stress. In this mini review, we provide recent findings on the roles and signaling pathways of peptides that are involved in coordinating plant responses to abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, high salinity, reactive oxygen species, and heat. We also discuss recent developments in signaling peptides that play a role in plant adaptation responses to nutrient deficiency stress, focusing on nitrogen and phosphate deficiency responses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document