scholarly journals Agronomic Assessment of Fibrous Flax and Linseed Advanced Breeding Lines as Potential New Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Marcin Praczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Wielgusz
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Structure

The aim of the study was to determine the breeding value of advanced lines of fibrous flax and oilseed flax (linseed) on the basis of comparative experiments with reference varieties. In field experiments conducted in 2019–2020, the HDH line of fibrous flax and the R26 linseed line were assessed in terms of significant phenotypic traits and also traits affecting the yield structure. Due to the fundamentally different weather conditions in the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, it was also possible to determine the susceptibility of the studied genotypes of flax to climatic stress factors. The obtained results showed the high breeding value of the HDH line as a potential new variety of fibrous flax. The R26 line did not exceed the reference varieties in terms of the traits essential for the oily form of the cultivated flax cultivars, but it was characterized by a favorable morphological and yield-forming structure for dual purpose varieties. Moreover, both assessed lines showed high resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions.

scholarly journals SEARCH FOR THE SELECTION CRITERIA IN THE PROCESS OF SPRING BARLEY BREEDING IN DIFFERENT YEARS OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Д.О. Долженко ◽  
С.Н. Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Yield Structure

На гибридах ярового ячменя поколений F1 и F2 изучены варьирование элементов структуры урожая и корреляционные взаимосвязи между ними. Цель исследования – поиск эффективных критериев отбора в селекции ярового ячменя на продуктивность колоса и растения. Полевые эксперименты проведены на чернозёмах лесостепи Среднего Поволжья в контрастные по гидротермическому режиму годы. Низким коэффициентом вариации (до 10 %) стабильно характеризовались высота растений, Кхоз главного колоса и Кхоз главного побега, средним (10-20%) – продуктивная кустистость, масса зерна главного колоса, Кхоз растения. Изменчивость остальных изученных элементов структуры урожая варьировала от низкой до средней. В год с достаточным увлажнением проявились три относительно обособленные корреляционные плеяды: продуктивность главного колоса, продуктивность растения, Кхоз, а также почти независимый от них признак «масса 1000 зёрен». В засушливый год произошло переопределение корреляционных связей между элементами, возникло сопряжение между признаками различных плеяд, увеличился вклад в продуктивность показателей массы 1000 зёрен и Кхоз. Сделан вывод о влиянии различных критериях отбора на продуктивность ячменя в благоприятных и засушливых условиях. В благоприятных условиях следует вести селекцию на длину главного колоса и число зёрен в нём. В засушливый год приобретают особенное значение масса 1000 зёрен и показатели Кхоз, которые являются самостоятельной целью селекции в любых условиях. При отборе селекционных линий и подборе родительских форм для скрещиваний необходимо опираться на данные, полученные в контрастные по погодным условиям годы. Variations in the elements of the yield structure and correlation relationships between them were studied using hybrids of spring barley of generations F1 and F2. The goal of the study is to search for effective selection criteria for productivity of a head and a plant in the process of spring barley breeding. Field experiments were carried out on chernozems of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region in years contrasting in the hydrothermal regime. The height of plants, Khoz of the main head and Khoz of the main shoot were consistently characterized by a low coefficient of variation (up to 10%), productive tillering, grain weight of the main head, Khoz of a plant by average (10-20%). The variability of the other studied elements of the yield structure varied from low to average. In the year with sufficient moisture, three relatively separate correlational constellations appeared: productivity of the main head, productivity of the plant, Khoz, as well as almost independent trait of “weight of 1000 grains”. In the dry year, there was a redefinition of the correlations between the elements, a conjugation between the characteristics of different constellations, and an increase of contribution to the productivity of indices of weight of 1000 grains and Khoz. The conclusion is made about the influence of various selection criteria on the productivity of barley under favorable and arid conditions. Under favorable conditions, it is necessary to select by the length of the main head and the number of grains in it. In a dry year, the weight of 1000 grains and indicators of Khoz acquire special importance, which are an independent goal of breeding under any conditions. When selecting breeding lines and selecting parental forms for crosses, it is necessary to rely on data obtained in years with contrasting weather conditions.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

scholarly journals The Role of Agrotechnical Factors in Shaping the Protein Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6833
Author(s):  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Marta Ligaj
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Np Fertilizer

The subject of the work was the evaluation of maize protein yield conditioned by various agrotechnical factors. The test results are derived from two different field experiments covering a total of seven years of observation. Protein yield was significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Protein yield was significantly lower in the dry and hot years. The sum of precipitation for the month of May was positively correlated with maize protein yield. However, there was no correlation between the average air temperature and the amount of protein yield. The sum of atmospheric precipitation for the entire growing season (IV–X) shaped maize protein yield in over 96%. A non-linear relationship of the 2nd degree was determined between these traits. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn tillage), “stay-green” type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize protein yield. Initial fertilization (regardless of depth) with two-component NP fertilizer, in relation to broadcast fertilization, significantly increased maize protein yield from 11.4% to 18%, respectively. The type of nitrogen fertilizer did not differentiate the value of this trait. Pre-sowing nitrogen application was more effective compared to the top dressing, and significantly increased protein yield. Row fertilization with two-component NP fertilizer clearly affected the content protein in grain. The interdependence of genetic and agronomic progress is an important factor shaping the potential of maize protein yield and cannot be attributed to either breeding (cultivar) or agronomy.

scholarly journals Yielding of two types of maize cultivars in relation to selected agrotechnical factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 416-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jagła ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Katarzyna Ambroży-Deręgowska ◽  
Iwona Mejza ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Clear Result ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Np Fertilizer

The study presents the results of field experiments, the aim of which was to assess the yield of maize cultivars with different genetic profiles depending on the method of soil preparation for sowing and the method of NP fertilizer application. The yield and water content in the grain were significantly dependent on changing weather conditions in the growing seasons. Sowing maize into the soil cultivated traditionally (autumn ploughing), stay-green type cultivars and row fertilization positively influenced maize yielding. The stay-green cultivar yielded at a higher level compared to the fast maturing cultivar, the difference being significant in the year characterized by unfavourable distribution (deficit) of precipitation in the growing season. The stay-green cultivar reacted favourably to the localized application of NP fertilizer, the clear result of which was the increase in grain yield. Direct maize sowing significantly reduced the number of production ears per surface area unit and the number of grains on the ear. Selection of the stay-green cultivar and row fertilization with NP fertilizer improved this condition.  

AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A NEW VARIETY OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
O. B. Batakova ◽  
V. А. Korelina ◽  
I. V. Zobnina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Stability

The selection work has been carried out on the base of the Primorskiy branch of the Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FCIARctic) in 2005-2016, in a selection seven-field crop rotation. Various weather conditions contributed to a complete and comprehensive assessment of the selected sample. Data on agrometeorological research were provided by the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Northern UGMS” of the Hydrometсenter at the post of Kurtsevo. Assessment of breeding material was carried out by the main breeding valuable traits, taking into account the length of the growing season, resistance to lodging and grain yield according to the methodology of the State Commission for the Testing of Crops (1985).  Statistical processing of the experiment results were carried out using the genetic and selection software package AGROS version 2.07. A new variety of spring fodder barley “Kotlas” with increased adaptability for variable growing conditions was developed, it intended for cultivation in extreme climatic conditions of the Far North as an early ripening, productive, adaptive to unfavorable environmental factors to obtain concentrated feed for livestock and poultry. The variety is immune to net blotch of the Arkhangelsk population. The stability index (L) of the variety is 53. The new variety usage will increase the yield of spring barley, increase the economic efficiency of using the variety to 15%, the economic effect of introducing the variety per unit volume of production is 7.85 thousand rubles.

Influence of water stress on spring barley yields under Polish climatic conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
M. Gut ◽  
A. Bichoński ◽  
W. Mikulski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
High Precipitation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of atmospheric precipitation on the yield of spring malting barley. The plant height and heading of the studied forms were observed as additional indicators of their reaction to variable water conditions. The plant material for this study consisted of spring barley breeding lines in generations F6-F7 evaluated at 7 locations in 1996-2001. The highest yield was observed with precipitation within the range 258-321 or 356-382 mm per growing season in years with colder or warm weather, respectively. These results were obtained using abundant plant material highly differentiated genetically, so it may be inferred that the above values are the rainfall levels optimal for spring barley cultivation under Polish climatic conditions. The experimental locations could be divided into four classes according to observations on mean yields and on total rainfall before heading and between heading and full maturity. the optimal class included locations where the highest yield was observed; in the second there was a high precipitation level but a lower yield was obtained; in the third class there was a shortage of rainfall before heading, and in the fourth class there was a shortage of rainfall between heading and maturity. The observation of yields lower than those obtained in optimal locations led to the assumption that stress factors at these locations did not allow the yield potential of the studied genotypes to be fully expressed. The studied genotypes showed good adaptation to the variable conditions of the Polish climate, which is characterized by periods with a shortage or excess of rainfall.

Effectiveness of elemental S fertilizers on forage grass

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
K. Heier ◽  
E. Solberg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
The Third ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
S Application ◽  
S Fertilizers

Two field experiments were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to compare the effectiveness of various cumulative elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizer applications in increasing dry matter yield (DMY) and S uptake of forage grass. In exp. 1, one sulphate-S (Na2SO4) and two elemental S (Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 and Tiger 90) fertilizers were applied annually to grass in mid to late April at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 kg S ha−1 rates. The increase in DMY from S application was significantly lower with elemental S fertilizers than with Na2SO4 in the first and second years, but in the third year elemental S fertilizers had DMY increase similar to Na2SO4 In exp. 2, a number of elemental S and sulphate-S fertilizers were applied annually to grass in mid- to late April at 15 kg S ha−1 rate. There was a marked increase in DMY from S application in all the 3 yr with the three sulphate-containing S fertilizers (Na2SO4, K2SO4 and CaSO4). When elemental S fertilizers were used, only Turf-Grade 0-0-0-95 increased DMY in all the 3 yr and it produced DMY increase similar to the sulphate-S fertilizers in the third year. Elemental S Prills did not produce any significant increase in DMY in any of the 3 yr. Other elemental S fertilizers [e.g., Elemental S Powder, Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 and Tiger 90] increased DMY in the third year only, but this increase was still less than the sulfate-S fertilizers. Turf-Grade 0-0-0-95 (with smaller granules) produced greater DMY increase than Agric-Grade 0-0-0-95 (with larger granules) in all the 3 yr (though significant in the third year only). The S fertilizers that contained small amounts of sulphate-S in addition to elemental S were generally more effective in increasing DMY than the similar fertilizers containing only elemental S. The increase in S uptake from applied S in grass showed usually similar trends as DMY increase. In conclusion, the results suggest that some elemental S fertilizers can be as effective in increasing forage DMY on perennial grass as sulfate-S fertilizers. However, depending upon soil type and climatic conditions two or more growing seasons may be needed for S in the elemental S fertilizers to become fully available to the plants. Key words: Elemental S fertilizers, forage yield, grassland, sulphate-S fertilizers, sulphur uptake

scholarly journals HOMEOSTATICITY AND ADAPTIVITY OF PEA VARIETIES OF DIFFERENT MORPHOTYPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Firzinat Davletov ◽  
Il'siyar Ahmadullina ◽  
Fidan Safin ◽  
Karina Gaynullina
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Feed Protein

The main source of vegetable protein in world production is legumes, including peas (Pisum sativum L.). The creation of new highly productive pea varieties, adapted to local conditions, will solve the problem of food and feed protein. Modern varieties also should be characterized by high homeostaticity and stable productivity in a changing climate. The aim of the study was to study the homeostaticity of pea varieties on the basis of grain yield in the southern forest-steppe of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of Soil Science, Botany and Plant Breeding Department at the Educational and Scientific Center of Bashkir State Agrarian University in 2009-2018. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem of heavy loam granulometric composition. During the research years weather conditions were contrasting. The object of the study was the following pea varieties: Chishminsky 95, Chishminsky 229, Aksaysky usatuy 55 and in memory of Khangildin. Grain yield was recorded. The overall homeostaticity of the varieties (Hom) was determined. In our studies, the grain productivity of the studied pea varieties varied greatly from year to year. On average, over 10 years, the varieties Chishminsky 229 and a variety in memory of Khangildin were the most productive, and the least productive was Aksaysky usatuy 55 variety. Data analysis showed that the variety has a limiting effect on crop yield resistance to environmental stress factors. Varieties Chishminsky 229 (Hom = 36.6), in memory of Khangildin (Hom = 36.5) were characterized by the highest index of homeostaticity, and the variety Aksaysky usatuy 55 (Hom = 26.5) was the least. The varieties of Chishminsky 229 (Sc = 3.44), in memory of Khangildin (Sc = 3.35) and Chishminsky 95 (Sc = 3.38) possessed the highest breeding value.

scholarly journals The new early maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
R. N. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Maturing

In recent years, the spring-summer period of the Rostov region is characterized with a lack of moisture supply in the initial period of plant growing and formation of generative organs, as well as in the filling period of spring barley grain. The highest productivity under these conditions, according to the study of previous years, has been formed by the middle-early and early-maturing varieties. The breeding work for the development of early-maturing spring barley varieties has been going on for many decades in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive early-maturing spring barley variety, adapted to the arid soil and climatic conditions of the south of Russia. The current paper has presented characteristics of the new early-maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’, adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid Russian regions and resistant to negative environmental stress factors. The new variety was characterized by high yields (+0.4 t/ha to the standard one), large kernel (1000 kernel weight was more than 47 g), fairly high protein percentage in grain (+1.3% to the standard one). In comparison with the standard variety, the new variety has formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (on 12 pcs. more) and kernel weight per head (+0.2 g). In addition, the variety ‘Fedos’ produced large, well-filled kernel even in severely arid years (+5.6 g to the standard one). The new variety is more resistant to major leaf diseases than the standard one.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of the new winter durum wheat varieties and lines in the conditions of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Т. S. Bezuglaya ◽  
N. E. Samofalova ◽  
N. P. Ilichkina ◽  
О. А. Dubinina ◽  
A. S. Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
New Varieties

Currently, with the growth of scientific and technological progress, the issue of the effect of negative anthropogenic factors on the environment is of great urgency. Due to it there is a necessity to develop the most adaptive agricultural varieties, which is the basis of environmentally friendly agriculture. The current study was carried out on the basis of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2018–2020. The objects of research were 8 varieties sent to the State Variety Testing in 2017–2020 and 5 promising breeding lines of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”. The weather conditions during the years of the study were contrasting, with the most favorable ones in 2018, when there was obtained a record yield of winter durum wheat from 11.25 to 14.04 t/ha. Differences in the yields of the winter durum wheat varieties over the years were characterized by the variation range from 31.9 to 52.4%. There has been identified insignificant deviations in the yields of the variety ‘Solntsedar’ (+3 – -1.9 t/ha) and the variety ‘Zoloto Dona’ (+3.2 – -2.3 t/ha). The greatest deviations from the average yield were established in the varieties ‘Khrizolit’ (+4.5 – -3.6 t/ha), ‘Almaz Dona’ (+4.3 – -2.9 t/ha) and the line ‘721/15’ (+4.8 – -3.3 t/ha). Due to the assessment according to the adaptability parameters, there have been identified 3 groups of varieties. They are the adaptable varieties ‘Lakomka’, ‘Ellada’, ‘Khrizolit’, which will produce maximum yields under cultivation in the areas with favorable agro-climatic conditions at high agro-backgrounds; the weakly responsive varieties ‘Zoloto Dona’ and ‘Solntsedar’, for cultivation on a low agricultural background, which maintain stable yields with the mean values of 6.88–7.04 t/ha), they react poorly to external conditions, i.e. better adapted to bad and worst environments. The varieties ‘Kristella’, ‘Uslada’, ‘Dinas’, ‘Almaz Dona’ are suitable for cultivation on a medium agricultural background, because they are adaptable varieties with bi = 0.97–1.00. However, the variety ‘Almaz Dona’ turned to be unstable in terms of yields. The promising lines that participated in the analysis with different ecological characteristics will be further involved in breeding programs to increase the adaptability of new varieties. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the new varieties and promising lines according to productivity, homeostaticity, adaptability; to identify ecologically adaptable varieties and lines and to give recommendations for further use.

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