Influence of water stress on spring barley yields under Polish climatic conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
M. Gut ◽  
A. Bichoński ◽  
W. Mikulski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
High Precipitation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of atmospheric precipitation on the yield of spring malting barley. The plant height and heading of the studied forms were observed as additional indicators of their reaction to variable water conditions. The plant material for this study consisted of spring barley breeding lines in generations F6-F7 evaluated at 7 locations in 1996-2001. The highest yield was observed with precipitation within the range 258-321 or 356-382 mm per growing season in years with colder or warm weather, respectively. These results were obtained using abundant plant material highly differentiated genetically, so it may be inferred that the above values are the rainfall levels optimal for spring barley cultivation under Polish climatic conditions. The experimental locations could be divided into four classes according to observations on mean yields and on total rainfall before heading and between heading and full maturity. the optimal class included locations where the highest yield was observed; in the second there was a high precipitation level but a lower yield was obtained; in the third class there was a shortage of rainfall before heading, and in the fourth class there was a shortage of rainfall between heading and maturity. The observation of yields lower than those obtained in optimal locations led to the assumption that stress factors at these locations did not allow the yield potential of the studied genotypes to be fully expressed. The studied genotypes showed good adaptation to the variable conditions of the Polish climate, which is characterized by periods with a shortage or excess of rainfall.

scholarly journals The new early maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
R. N. Bragin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Early Maturing

In recent years, the spring-summer period of the Rostov region is characterized with a lack of moisture supply in the initial period of plant growing and formation of generative organs, as well as in the filling period of spring barley grain. The highest productivity under these conditions, according to the study of previous years, has been formed by the middle-early and early-maturing varieties. The breeding work for the development of early-maturing spring barley varieties has been going on for many decades in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive early-maturing spring barley variety, adapted to the arid soil and climatic conditions of the south of Russia. The current paper has presented characteristics of the new early-maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’, adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid Russian regions and resistant to negative environmental stress factors. The new variety was characterized by high yields (+0.4 t/ha to the standard one), large kernel (1000 kernel weight was more than 47 g), fairly high protein percentage in grain (+1.3% to the standard one). In comparison with the standard variety, the new variety has formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (on 12 pcs. more) and kernel weight per head (+0.2 g). In addition, the variety ‘Fedos’ produced large, well-filled kernel even in severely arid years (+5.6 g to the standard one). The new variety is more resistant to major leaf diseases than the standard one.

scholarly journals Adaptive potential of breeding lines of spring barley in conditions of Kuznetsk Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
S. V. Martynova ◽  
V. N. Pakul
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Selection Line ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Film Content ◽  
Growing Conditions

Adaptive properties of spring barley in the conditions of the Kuznetsk depression have been studied. The objects of the research are five medium-ripening breeding lines of spring barley. The breeding lines were studied in a nursery of competitive varietal trials in 2016-2020. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem, heavy loam with a medium granulometric composition. The repetition was fourfold, the seeding rate (optimal for spring barley in the cultivation zone) 450 pcs / m2. The sowing dates were April 29 - May 5, the harvesting was done with a Sampo 130 combine at the stage of full ripeness of spring barley samples (August 12-15). The experiment was carried out in comparison with the standard cultivar Biom. The parameters of environmental plasticity (bj), stability (S2dj), the environmental conditions index (Ij) were calculated according to the method developed by S.A. Eberchart and W.A. Russel, which examines the positive response of the genotype to the improved growing conditions. Under contrasting growing conditions of spring barley in the years of research, it was found that the environment factor had a significant influence on the yield - 82.6%, the share of genotype influence was 1.4%. The average yield over the years of the study of spring barley in the nursery of competitive variety trials was 5.51 t/ha, the maximum average yield has a breeding line KM-198/11 - 6.45 t/ha. Genotypes with the highest adaptive properties were identified: KM-198/11 (bi = 0.24, Si2 = 2.59), Nutans 12/16 (bi = 0.24, Si2 = 2.18) with yield variability of 25.9-29.2% (Biom standard - 46.1%). The medium-maturing selection line of spring barley KM-198/11, having above-average adaptive properties, is prepared for submission for state variety testing in 2021 as the variety Kuzbass Jubilee. The main advantages of the variety were revealed: high drought tolerance, resistance to lodging and blight, high productivity (6.45-8.50 t/ha), large grain size (53.2 g), medium reaction to stress factors (reduced productivity). Grain crude protein content was 13.6-14.1%, the film content 8.4%, the natural weight 620 g/l.

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of Hordeum vulgare in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01020
Author(s):  
Julia Ivanova ◽  
Maria Fomina ◽  
Sergei Belousov ◽  
Natalia Sharapova
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Ripening

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) occupies more than 80% of the sown area of forage crops. Barley is widely cultivated in many areas with contrasting soil and climatic conditions; breeding varieties that are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental stress factors is an important factor that would make it possible to obtain grain with the required nutritional and forage qualities. The creation of barley varieties is a promising area of breeding in the world. To create varieties, it is necessary to consider the main directions: early ripening and high yield. To create an early ripening, high-yielding variety and hybrid of spring barley with high technological qualities of grain, the leading role belongs to the scientifically grounded selection of the source material. The article presents the results of a 3-year collection samples’ study from the world collection of the All-Russian Institute of Plants’ Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR).

scholarly journals Screening of new sources of 'Hordeum vulgare' genes for adaptive breeding in Aral Sea basin, Kazakhstan, for diversification of agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Laura Tokhetova ◽  
Bibigul Baizhanova ◽  
Raushan Nurymova ◽  
Gulmira Akhmedova ◽  
Renata Akzhunis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Promising Source

The specifics of the soil and climatic conditions of the Aral sea region, Kazakhstan, primarily associated with salinization, various types of droughts, uneven distribution of precipitation during the growing season, and late spring frosts, make it necessary to create crop varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In this regard, the expansion of the area under crops of nontraditional salt-tolerant grain crops in the Kyzylorda region is one of the main directions of increasing the sustainability of agriculture in the region. Studies have shown that among the grain crops cultivated in the region, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a reliable crop that can make the most of the region's bioclimatic resources to form sustainable yields. The purpose of this study is to create a new promising source material of barley based on a comprehensive study of collection material of various ecological and geographical origin by applying various methods of classical breeding. Based on a comprehensive assessment of the collection material of barley, a working collection of 250 varieties with agronomic resistance to environmental stress factors of the Aral Sea region was created. The selected samples are recommended for use in practical breeding in order to increase the adaptive potential of modern barley varieties.

BASE LINE FOR SELECTION OF SPRING BARLEY IN CENTRAL NONCHERNOSEMIC REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. K. Temirbekova ◽  
Yu. V. Afanasyeva ◽  
I. M. Kulikov ◽  
O. N. Kovaleva ◽  
N. E. Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Federal Research

In the conditions of the continental climate in the greater territory of the Russian Federation, it is especially important to develop cultivars resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, which will allow to obtain grain with the necessary food and feed qualities. The basis for increasing yields laid in the creation and introduction of cultivars with high yield potential and high quality products resistant to the defeat of dangerous diseases and pests. This article presents the results of a long-term study of spring barley collection samples from the gene pool of VIR. The origin of the samples is Russia, Canada, USA, Denmark, Finland, Australia, Ethiopia, UK and Baltic countries. Field experiments were carried out on conventional agricultural techniques in the seven-field rotation. Predecessor-winter wheat. Collection samples seeds were sown in optimal time (I decade of may) on plots of 2 m2, standard Zazersky 85 (Belarus) in each block of 10 samples. Shoots are obtained on the 10-15 th day. The vegetation period of the standard in different years was 81-92 days depending on weather conditions, and collection samples – 65-93 days. The harvest was harvested in the III decade of August. Barley collections were evaluated according to VIR guidelines and other original methods. Biochemical analysis of barley samples were carried out in “Nemchinovka» Federal research centre,  in the spectrometer Spectra Star 2400 (USA), the protein content is found through the determination of nitrogen by Kieldalmetod and the conversion factor N x 5,7 and N x 6,25 for malting barley, filminess – according to the method of antispyware crops. The selected samples on precocity, productivity, coarse grain, grain quality, resistance to lodging and diseases are recommended for use in breeding programs of the Federal research center "Nemchinovka "and other breeding centers of the country.

scholarly journals Agronomic Assessment of Fibrous Flax and Linseed Advanced Breeding Lines as Potential New Varieties

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Marcin Praczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Wielgusz
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield Structure

The aim of the study was to determine the breeding value of advanced lines of fibrous flax and oilseed flax (linseed) on the basis of comparative experiments with reference varieties. In field experiments conducted in 2019–2020, the HDH line of fibrous flax and the R26 linseed line were assessed in terms of significant phenotypic traits and also traits affecting the yield structure. Due to the fundamentally different weather conditions in the growing seasons of 2019 and 2020, it was also possible to determine the susceptibility of the studied genotypes of flax to climatic stress factors. The obtained results showed the high breeding value of the HDH line as a potential new variety of fibrous flax. The R26 line did not exceed the reference varieties in terms of the traits essential for the oily form of the cultivated flax cultivars, but it was characterized by a favorable morphological and yield-forming structure for dual purpose varieties. Moreover, both assessed lines showed high resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions.

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

Evaluation of castorbean samples by economically - valuable traits

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Ricinolic Acid

Castor oil (Ricinus communus L.) is an important commercial product. The climatic conditions of Ukraine determine the possibility of growing the castor as an annual crop. At the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS studied castor collection. The aim of the work was the selection of the most promising samples of castor oil, combining a large yield potential in a narrow range of vertical distribution for optimal technological parameters of mechanical harvesting with a high content of oil in seeds and ricinolic acid in oil. In the experience of 2015-2016, the manifestation of morphological features of 17 castor bean samples was studied. The height of plants, individual samples among themselves differed more than twice. Long-brush samples of ЕР118, К374, М203, К159 are distinguished on the basis of the length of the brush. The shortest brush was observed in sample K1008. The length of the productive brush in the studied samples is from 10.7 to 32.9 cm. Most castor bean samples under favorable conditions form brushes of the second and higher orders. According to this parameter, samples of Ep118 and selection No. 38 with four inflorescences of the second order are of the greatest interest. The largest brushes of the second order are similar in size to the brushes of the first order were observed in the samples: К1127, К810, К153. The adaptability of harvesting castor beads requires that the brushes of the first and second order coincide in height with each other, since the harvester can take a maximum of 60 cm. For the sum of the productive brushes of the first and second orders, the greatest potential yield will be provided by samples K159 and K1127. Among the studied collection stands out the small seed sample K159 and the large seed samples - PRL41 and K80. The average oil content in the seeds of the collection was from 52 to 61.4%. Sample38 had the highest oil content. The content of ricinolic acid in the collection was from 70.9 to 82.9%. Samples were isolated: К134, К1008, PRL41, К430 with the content of ricinoleic acid more than 80%. The results of the study of all parameters make it possible to isolate valuable technological samples. Sample K1064 with a high technological potential of productivity, with a seed oil content of 57.2%, has a not very high content of ricinoleic acid of 74.3%. Sample K1127 with an oil content of 58.6%, a mass of 1000 seeds of 265 g, a high potential of productive brushes has a wide variation in the arrangement of brushes. Sample K134 with a oil content of 57.1%, ricinoleic acid content of 80.7% has small second-order brushes and can be used as a single-cysts in a thicker seeding.

scholarly journals Radial Growth Response of European Larch Provenances to Interannual Climate Variation in Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Norbert Szymański ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Provenance Trials ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Elements

The present study identified the similarities and differences in the radial growth responses of 20 provenances of 51-year-old European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) trees from Poland to the climatic conditions at three provenance trials situated in the Polish lowlands (Siemianice), uplands (Bliżyn) and mountains (Krynica). A chronology of radial growth indices was developed for each of 60 European larch populations, which highlighted the interannual variations in the climate-mediated radial growth of their trees. With the aid of principal component, correlation and multiple regression analysis, supra-regional climatic elements were identified to which all the larch provenances reacted similarly at all three provenance trials. They increased the radial growth in years with a short, warm and precipitation-rich winter; a cool and humid summer and when high precipitation in late autumn of the previous year was noted. Moreover, other climatic elements were identified to which two groups of the larch provenances reacted differently at each provenance trial. In the lowland climate, the provenances reacted differently to temperature in November to December of the previous year and July and to precipitation in September. In the upland climate, the provenances differed in growth sensitivity to precipitation in October of the previous year and June–September. In the mountain climate, the provenances responded differently to temperature and precipitation in September of the previous year and to precipitation in February, June and September of the year of tree ring formation. The results imply that both climatic factors and origin (genotype), i.e., the genetic factor, mediate the climate–growth relationships of larch provenances.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document