scholarly journals Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Productivity and Raw Material Quality from Organic Cultivation

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bączek ◽  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Gniewosz ◽  
Iwona Gientka ◽  
Zenon Węglarz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Central European ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Sweet basil is one of the most important culinary herbs. Currently, its production is carried out mainly in accordance with conventional agriculture. However, its cultivation in organic systems seems to be better adjusted to consumer demands connected with the lack of pesticide residues in foods and their safety. In the present study, two methods of basil cultivation in organic farming system were applied, i.e., in the open air and under foil tunnels. During the experiment, in central European climatic conditions, it was possible to obtain four successive cuts of herb. The herb was subjected to chemical analysis, including determination of the content of essential oil, phenolic compounds, and chlorophylls. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis of the essential oil was performed, whereas the fresh herb was subjected to sensory analysis. The cumulative mass of fresh herb was distinctly higher in the cultivation under foil tunnels (44.7 kg∙10 m−2) in comparison to the open field (24.7 kg∙10 m−2). The content of essential oil, flavonoids, and phenolic acids was also higher in the raw material collected from plants grown under foil tunnels (0.81, 0.36, and 0.78 g·100g−1 DW, respectively) than from the open field (0.48, 0.29, and 0.59g·100g−1 DW, respectively). In turn, the dominant compound of the essential oil, i.e., linalool, was present in higher amounts in the essential oil obtained from plants cultivated in the open field. The sensory and microbiological quality of herb was comparable for both methods of cultivation. The obtained results indicate that, in central European climatic conditions, it is possible to obtain good-quality yield of basil herb. However, for its better productivity, it seems that cultivation under foil tunnels is preferable.

scholarly journals Production, Post-Harvest and Marketing of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) In Tulungagung, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Rahmat Budiarto ◽  
Roedhy Poerwanto ◽  
Edi Santosa ◽  
Darda Efendi ◽  
Andria Agusta
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Home Industries

Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) is one of the Citrus species that is popular as food spices in Indonesia. This study was aimed at describing the production system, post-harvest handling, marketing and evaluating the product variation of kaffir lime cultivated in the Tulungagung district, East Java Province, Indonesia. Data was collected through a survey by interviewing kaffir lime farmers, distributors and customers in June 2018. Kaffir lime is cultivated by local farmers using traditional and conventional agriculture practices. The farmer used good quality seedlings as planting materials and applies animal manure or compost to the trees. Kaffir lime is grown on rain-fed land; fertilizers and pesticides are applied sparingly. The kaffir lime leaves could be harvested twice a year in different seasons. Better leaf quality can be obtained during the rainy seasons. The leaf production per tree is estimated at about 100 gram per plant per season. Post-harvest handling involved sorting, packing and marketing without any cooling treatment. The standard gate price of kaffir lime leaf in June 2019 was IDR 6,000-7,000, IDR 9,000-10,000 at the collector level, IDR 11,000-12,000 at wholesaler, and IDR 14,000-16,000 at small retailers. Leaves were distributed to traditional market in Tulungagung, neighbouring districts such as Kediri, Trenggalek and Blitar, and also to capital cities such Jakarta. The main product of kaffir lime is the fresh leaf for food seasoning and as a raw material to produce essential oil and dry leaf powder. The stems have been used for fuel in home industries. The fruits of kaffir lime are rarely found in the market and have great potentials for essential oil production and recently, a promising commodity for export.

scholarly journals Crop Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Two Thymus vulgaris Chemotypes along Three Years of Organic Cultivation in a Hilly Area of Central Italy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5109
Author(s):  
Basma Najar ◽  
Luisa Pistelli ◽  
Benedetta Ferri ◽  
Luciana Gabriella Angelini ◽  
Silvia Tavarini
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Organic Cultivation

Thymus vulgaris L. is one of the most commonly used medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), owing to a range of therapeutic properties of its essential oil. Plant growth, biomass yield, essential oil content and composition are influenced by chemotype, environmental conditions, cultivation techniques and vegetative development. Since in MAPs cultivation special attention is paid on high quality of raw material, the adoption of sustainable agriculture methods is of pivotal importance. Therefore, we evaluated the agronomic and qualitative performances of two Thymus vulgaris L. chemotypes, organically cultivated under the Mediterranean climate of hilly lands of central Italy for three consecutive years (2017–2019). Along the trial, total above-ground dry biomass significantly increased from the 1st to 3rd year after planting and large variations in the main biological, biometric and productive traits were observed between the two chemotypes. The ‘thymol’ chemotype EO obviously showed thymol as the major constituent (51.26–49.87%) followed by γ-terpinene and p-cymene. The ‘linalool’ chemotype EO showed high percentages of oxygenated monoterpenes (about 90%) with linalool (75%), linalyl acetate (8.15%) and b-caryophyllene (3.2%) as main constituents. This study highlighted that T. vulgaris can be successfully organically grown in the hilly lands of Tuscany, with interesting biomass and essential oil yields, even though the plants were in the initial years of crop establishment (start in 2017). The introduction of this species into organic cultivation systems could contribute to obtain high-quality raw material, as well as to enhance crop rotation diversification, which is of pivotal importance in the management of organic farms.

scholarly journals The Effect of Open Field and Foil Tunnel on Yield and Quality of the Common Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), in Organic Farming

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Olga Kosakowska ◽  
Zenon Węglarz ◽  
Katarzyna Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Yield And Quality

Common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae) is regarded as one of the most important aromatic plant used both as a spice and medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate the yield and quality of common thyme grown for a fresh herb, cultivated in the organic farming system, within the temperate climate in Poland. Two methods of cultivation were applied: open field and foil tunnel. Three successive cuts of herb were possible to obtain during vegetation season, from the middle of July until the end of September. The raw material was analyzed for the content of essential oil (by hydrodestillation), phenolic acids and flavonoids according to Polish pharmacopeia (PP 6th). The composition of essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sensory evaluation was carried out by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) with a trained panelist. The yield of fresh herb was visibly higher when regards cultivation under foil tunnel in comparison to open field, reaching up to 6.74 kg FW × 10 m2. The content of essential oil as well as the percentage share of thymol (a dominant constituent, achieving up to 57.08%) decreased with consecutive herbal cuts. The opposite result was observed for phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids). It was shown that the amount of flavonoids was similar in both variants of cultivation, while phenolic acids were accumulated at higher level in the open field conditions. Sensory analysis indicated on slight differences in odor and taste attributes, between samples of fresh herb collected from open field and foil tunnel.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS ON DROPPED IRRIGATION IN SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
L. V. Andreychenko ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Hyssopus Officinalis

Researches conducted on lands Nikolayev state agricultural research station IIA NAAS in 2017- 2018. Soil of an experimental plot is chernozem southern weakly eroded clay loamy on loess’s, it is noted by high contents potassium, average – phosphorus and it is not enough provided by nitrogen. Climate of region – continental, is characterized sharp and repeated by fluctuations annual and month temperature of air, greater spare of heat and aridity. Agrotechnic in experiment was generally accepted for southern Steppe of Ukraine. Scheme of experience included three factors – a sowing periods: II ten-day period of October (winter), II ten-day period of November (underwinter), I ten-day period of April (spring); variants of fertilizers: without fertilizers (control), recommended dose (N60P60) and N30Р30 broadcast + N30Р30 with irrigated water; the modes of irrigation: 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity and 90-80-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity. It is shown that hyssop – valuable spicy-aromatic culture, which on their own biological particularity, requirements to soil-climatic conditions can be successfully grown in southern Steppe of Ukraine, providing high harvest of floral mass for use in medical pharmacology. Most productivity variety Marquis (at a rate of 28.4-28.5 c/hа dry cheese) provided in variant, where contributed 50% dose of fertilizers broadcast and 50% with irrigated water and winter sowing period of culture. Maximum contents of essential oil has fixed in same variant at mode irrigation 80-70-70% of minimum moisture-holding capacity, where it has formed 0.85 %. Contents of ascorbic acid in plant raw material varied from 100.4 before 104.9 mg%.

Organic Farming System for Producing Healthy Rice Oleh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 20213-20217
Author(s):  
Dr. Ir. Ni.Gst.Ag.Gde Eka Martiningsih ◽  
Dr.Ir. I Putu Sujana, MS
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Organic Rice ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Organic Farming System

Introduction of organic rice-based rice cultivation technology package through demplot is done in Subak Sungi 1 using ciherang variety. The number of farmers participating in demonstration plots in organic cultivation of paddy-based rice cultivation were 5 people, with age of farmers aged greater than 55 years occupying the highest percentage (45.45%), with elementary education level (72.75%), followed by high school education (18.25%), and junior high (9%). The average farmland area is 34.63 acres, with self-owned status (55,94%), status as penyakap 41,18% and rent status 2,88%. The farmers' response to the organic rice-based rice planting assessment is quite high, as evidenced by the evaluation that 100% of farmers participating in demonstration plots know and understand about organic rice system cultivation, and they agree to develop this cultivation system in the future. Demplot research results can increase the yield components and weight of dry grain harvest per hectare. Organic rice-based rice cultivation technology EVAGRO able to increase production of dry grain harvest significantly with a value of 6.8 tons / ha. There is a tendency of dry weight value of ciherang varieties of 6.8 tons / ha giving highest but not significantly different with PGPR organic based technology.

Comparsion Of Efficency Of Cucumber Production In Poly-House

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SONIA HOODA
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Douglas Production Function

The study has made an attempt on resource use and economic efficiency of cucumber production under poly-house farming and open field farming. Primary data collected by using purposive sampling technique from selected districts. Sample of 50 farmers (25 Poly-house farmers and 25 Open field farmers) was taken from each district on the basis of availability. Secondary data was collected from Horticulture Department. For data analysis statistical tools average, percentage and Linear Cobb-Douglas Production Function was used. The study found that the yield of cucumber was more under poly-house farming as compare to open field farming system. The reason behind this was long harvesting period and more number of fruits per plant under poly-house farming conditions. The data specifies higher net returns per acre of cucumber under poly-house farming over open field farming, which implicit poly-house farming not only highly profitable but also economically viable as compared to open field farming in study area.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Agronomic Traits, Essential Oil and Components under Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Gulen Ozyazici
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biological Yield

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Increases the Technical Efficiency of Olive Farms in Italy

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Maria Raimondo ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo ◽  
Concetta Nazzaro ◽  
Giuseppe Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
The Impact

While there is growing recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the reduction of the negative externalities due to conventional agriculture, there is uncertainty about the effect of the latter on the economic performance of the farms. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating the effect of organic farming on technical efficiency in Italian olive farms. A cross-section dataset was analyzed through the stochastic frontier function, where the adoption of organic farming was explicitly modeled. Then, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of organic farming on technical efficiency, a propensity score matching method was implemented. The findings reveal that organic farming increases technical efficiency in Italian olive farms by approximately 10%. The highest impact of organic farming is observed in small farms. As for the propensity to become organic, we found that the production and the direct sales of a higher quality of gross marketable output, as well as the intensity of labor and machines, increase the probability to adopt organic farming. Conversely, farm localization, the availability of family labor, and financial capital discourage conversion to the organic farming system.

scholarly journals Flavored Olive Oil as a Preservation Means of Reduced Salt Spanish Style Green Table Olives (cv. Chalkidiki)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Maria Papapostolou ◽  
Fani T. Mantzouridou ◽  
Maria Z. Tsimidou
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Table Olives ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Reduced Salt

Reformulation of products fermented in brine is a challenging area of research. Continuing the efforts toward the establishment of table olives as a healthy food for all population groups, this study aimed at examining whether olive oil flavored with essential oils can be used as a preservation means for reduced salt Spanish style green table olives (cv. Chalkidiki). Response surface methodology was applied to organize experimentation and assess data. As independent factors, concentrations of the essential oils used (oregano, lemon balm and bay laurel) and time of storage under vacuum were set. Microbiological parameters (pathogens and fermentation-related microbes), color and firmness attributes were used as responses. Models indicated that each essential oil exerted a preservative role to maintain microbiological quality of reduced salt table olives. Concurrently, appearance attributes of the latter were retained at desirable values. Oregano essential oil had a profound role against pathogens. Lemon balm and bay laurel essential oils were found to be important for yeast population control. The results are promising toward the use of flavored olive oil as a preservation means for tailor-made reduced salt table olives, a practice that may enhance local industry innovative activity in a practical and effective way.

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