Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the Post-Slaughter Traits and Meat Quality Parameters of Termond White Rabbits

The purpose of the study was to analyse the effect of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds as additives to fodder in order to improve post-slaughter traits and quality parameters of Termond White rabbit meat (n = 60; 30 , 30 ). Three experimental groups were created. The control group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) was fed ad libitum feed containing corn, bran, wheat, dried alfalfa, soybean meal, sunflower meal, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and vitamin-mineral premix. The animals from the first experimental group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) were fed a complete mixture added with 1% of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves. Rabbits from the second group (n = 20; 10 and 10 ) were fed with a complete mixture added with 1% of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds. Rabbits fed with pellets with the addition of nettle were characterized by a higher slaughter weight, higher weight of hot and cold carcasses, lungs, kidneys and head as well as a higher weight of the fore, middle and hind part of the carcass compared to the other two groups. The carcasses of animals fed with fenugreek and nettle had a higher percentage of the fore and hind parts compared to the carcasses of the animals from the control group. The female carcasses were characterized by a significantly higher percentage of the middle part compared to the male carcasses. For most colour measurement traits, the differences depending on the feeding regime were significant. The effect of gender on meat colour was non significant. The effect of feeding regime and of gender on texture traits such as shear force, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness were non significant. Feeding had no effect on muscle fibre diameter, but it affected the muscle fibre type I percentage. Thus, the group fed with pellets containing nettle leaves had higher percentage of type I muscle fibres than the control group. The effect of gender on muscle fibre traits was non significant.

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The effect of maternal nutrition level during mid-gestation on postnatal muscle fibre composition and meat quality in lambs

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 834 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

U. Sen ◽

E. Sirin ◽

U. Ensoy ◽

Y. Aksoy ◽

Z. Ulutas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fibre ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Muscle Area

Maternal nutrient intake during early- and mid-gestation can alter fetal growth and development with long-term consequences on the postnatal productivity and health of offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal nutrition level during mid-gestation on postnatal growth rate, carcass composition, muscle fibre characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Ewes were fed from Days 30 to 80 of gestation as follows: 100% (control group, C), 50% (undernutrition, UN) or 175% (overnutrition, ON) of their daily requirement. During the rest of the gestation, the ewes in all groups were fed 100% of their daily requirements. Birth and weaning (at Day 90) weights of lambs born to ewes in nutritional groups were similar, but slaughter weights (at Day 150) and daily weight gain during finishing period of lambs born to the UN group were lower (P < 0.05). Similarly, a decrease in weights of semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus and gastrocnemius muscles was observed in the lambs born to the UN group (P < 0.05). Lambs born to the ON group had a higher (P < 0.05) concentration of DNA in longissimus dorsi (LD) and ST muscles than UN groups, but they had a lower (P < 0.05) total protein and other proteins concentrations in LD and ST muscles than those to C and UN groups. Protein to DNA ratio in LD and ST muscles of lambs born to ON group were lower than those to C and UN groups (P < 0.05). However, lambs born to the ON group had a higher number of Type IIA and IIB muscle fibres in ST muscles but not in LD muscles than those in the C and UN groups (P < 0.05). Additionally an increase in the number of fibres/mm2 muscle area in lambs born to the ON group was observed in LD and ST muscles (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in terms of meat quality parameters studied. This study confirms that maternal nutrition level during mid-gestation alters the postnatal growth and muscle fibre development of lambs.

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Effect of synbiotic dietary supplementation on histological and histopathological parameters of Pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/103/2017-cjas ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Bogucka ◽

D.M. Ribeiro ◽

R.P.R. Costa ◽

M. Bednarczyk

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fibre ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Pectoralis Major ◽

Muscle Fibre Types ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

The Impact

Bioactive substances may constitute an alternative to antibiotics. Probiotics are mixtures of microorganisms that enhance the effectiveness and yield of nutrient absorption by competing for the substrate against pathogens that may cause intestinal infections. Prebiotics are organic substances which include complex carbohydrates and have an influence on the growth and activity of desirable intestinal microflora. Synbiotics are a combination of both of them. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of synbiotics added to commercial feed on Pectoralis major muscle microstructure in broiler chickens. Research material consisted of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 female chicks. Birds were divided into 2 groups, 12 broilers each (replicated 10 times). The control group (C) was fed a commercial diet, and the SYN group was fed the same diet with added synbiotic: 0.8% of prebiotic RFO (raffinose family oligosaccharides) extracted from lupin seeds and 1% of probiotic Lavipan®. Birds were slaughtered at day 42. Immediately after slaughter, samples of the Pectoralis major muscle for histological analysis were taken and frozen in liquid nitrogen. The staining procedures performed were: hematoxylin and eosin staining to evaluate fibre diameter and histopathological changes, oil red staining to determine intramuscular fat content, NADH-TR (tetrazolium reductase) activity to distinguish muscle fibre types and alkaline phosphatase reaction for counting the number of capillaries. The tendency to reduced muscle fibre diameter in chickens supplemented with synbiotics indicates an increase in muscle fibre density, which gives meat a more delicate structure. When assessing the occurrence of histopathological changes, significantly more fibre splitting was observed in the control group. Moreover, the positive effect of feed supplementation with synbiotics on muscle microvascularization could have an important practical meaning, because low physical activity of chickens during rearing may lead to ischemic muscles, increased changes in the structure of muscle fibres, and reduction of meat quality.

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Effect of a diet supplemented with nettle (Urtica dioica L.) or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on the litter size and milk yield of rabbits

Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.5305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4, Accepted for print) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Sylwia Pałka ◽

Michał Kmiecik ◽

Łukasz Migdał

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Control Group ◽

Lactation Performance ◽

Fenugreek Seeds ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Group I ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the addition of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) leaves or fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds to rabbit feed on their breeding and lactation performance. The research material was female Blanc de Termonde rabbits (n = 22) and their offspring – four consecutive litters. The does were divided into three feeding groups, and each group was fed ad libitum a commercial pelleted complete feed with min. 17,5% crude protein, max. 15% crude fibre, and 2-3% crude fat. The diet for does in the control group (n = 6) contained wheat bran, dried alfalfa, extracted soybeans, barley, beet pulp, sunflower meal, and a vitamin and mineral supplement. The does in experimental group I (n = 8) were fed a diet enriched with 2% dried nettle leaves, while the diet for experimental group II (n = 8) contained fenugreek seeds (2%). The rabbits were mated between 10 and 14 days after kindling. To examine the effect of the herbal supplements on the does’ reproductive and lactation performance, the following information was collected: number of rabbits born per litter, litter weight at 24 h after birth and at 21 days of age, and milk yield. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical package. The results show positive effects of the use of nettle leaves and fenugreek seeds in the diet of female rabbits, but this should be confirmed in further research.

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Post-synaptic morphology of mouse neuromuscular junctions is linked to muscle fibre type

10.1101/2020.04.04.025106 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra M. Mech ◽

Anna-Leigh Brown ◽

Giampietro Schiavo ◽

James N. Sleigh

Keyword(s):

Motor Neuron ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Fibre Type ◽

Neuromuscular Junctions ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Neuromuscular Diseases ◽

Neuronal Morphology ◽

Muscle Fibre Type ◽

Muscle Membrane ◽

Muscle Fibres

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the highly specialised peripheral synapse formed between lower motor neuron terminals and muscle fibres. Post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), which are found in high density in the muscle membrane, bind to acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft of the NMJ, ultimately facilitating the conversion of motor action potentials to muscle contractions. NMJs have been studied for many years as a general model for synapse formation, development and function, and are known to be early sites of pathological changes in many neuromuscular diseases. However, information is limited on the diversity of NMJs in different muscles, whether muscle fibre type impacts NMJ morphology and growth, and the relevance of these parameters to neuropathology. Here, this crucial gap was addressed using a robust and standardised semi-automated workflow called NMJ-morph to quantify features of pre- and post-synaptic NMJ architecture in an unbiased manner. Five wholemount muscles from wild-type mice were dissected and compared at immature (post-natal day, P7) and early adult (P31-32) timepoints. Post-synaptic AChR morphology was found to be more variable between muscles than that of the motor neuron terminal and there were greater differences in the developing NMJ than at the mature synapse. Post-synaptic architecture, but not neuronal morphology or post-natal synapse growth, correlates with fibre type and is largely independent of muscle fibre diameter. Counter to previous observations, this study indicates that smaller NMJs tend to innervate muscles with higher proportions of fast twitch fibres and that NMJ growth rate is not conserved across all muscles. Furthermore, healthy pre- and post-synaptic NMJ morphological parameters were collected for five anatomically and functionally distinct mouse muscles, generating reference data that will be useful for the future assessment of neuromuscular disease models.Graphical Abstract

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Relation between body size and muscle fibre diameter in the newborn lamb

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600040600 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 449-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

D. M. Joubert

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Size ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Muscle Fibre Size ◽

Fibre Size ◽

Ewe Lambs ◽

Positive Correlations

1. An investigation is reported in which the relationship was examined between body size and muscle fibre size of nineteen newborn lambs and including twelve males and seven females. Body size was measured in terms of the dead body weight and that of the dressed carcass, while muscle fibre size was estimated on the basis of the mean crossdiameter of 150 fibres per lamb.2. It was shown that the dressing (or carcass) percentage tends to increase with an increase in body weight, from 42·26% at a body weight of 2000 g. to 49·04% at 7000 g.3. Of the 2850 cross-diameters recorded, the majority (33·8%) of the fibres measured between 8·0 and 9·6 μ, while individual fibres varied in size from 1·6 to 22·4 μ.4. Highly significant, positive correlations were shown to exist between both body (r = 0·996) and carcass (r = 0·946) weight, and mean muscle fibre diameter, indicating that differences in size between the lambs may be accounted for largely by corresponding variations in the size of individual muscle fibres.5. Of the three muscles sampled m. gastrocnemius had the largest mean fibre diameter (10·38μ), followed in decreasing order by m. rectus femoris (9·72 μ) and m. longissimus dorsi (9·09 μ). These inter-muscle differences were significant at the 1% level of probability.6. Ram lambs had significantly thicker muscle fibres (10·32 μ) than ewe lambs (8·72 μ), but also weighed the heavier and produced heavier dressed carcasses. Some evidence was produced, however, in support of the theory that at comparable weights males possess thinner individual, and therefore a greater number of fibres than females.

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Diyabette Kullanılan Bitkisel Desteklerin Etkinliği ve Güvenilirliği

Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.33076/2019.bdd.1322 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 110-117

Author(s):

Ezgi Bellikci Koyu

Keyword(s):

Nigella Sativa ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Momordica Charantia ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Bitkiler uzun yüzyıllar boyunca tedavinin en önemli parçası olmuşlardır. On dokuzuncu yüzyılda kimya alanında önemli gelişmelerin olması ve ilaç moleküllerinin keşfi ile bitkilerin tıbbi amaçlı kullanımları giderek azalsa da, son yıllarda doğaya dönüş çabaları içerisinde kullanımlarında yeniden bir artış gözlenmektedir. Özellikle diyabet gibi kronik seyirli hastalıklarda modern tedaviye destek olarak bu ürünlerin kullanımları sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu ilgiye paralel olarak son yıllarda bitkilerin diyabet tedavisindeki etkisini araştıran klinik çalışmalar da artmaya başlamıştır. Etkinliğin yanı sıra bitkilerin güvenilir kullanımları da son derece önemlidir. Doğru bitkinin kullanımı, kullanılan ürünün bileşimi, kalitesi, hazırlama yöntemi, yan etkileri, ilaç etkileşimleri ve kontraendikasyonları da tedavi sürecini etkileyen ve güvenilir kullanım için göz önünde bulundurulması gereken faktörlerdir. Bu derlemede tarçın (Cinnamomum sp.), çörek otu (Nigella sativa L.), kudret narı (Momordica charantia L.), çemen otu (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), zencefil (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) ve ısırgan otu (Urtica dioica L.) gibi diyabet tedavisinde sıklıkla tercih edilen bitkilerin etkinliği ve güvenilirliği değerlendirilmiştir.

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Muskelwachstum und IGF-I bei Schweinen unterschiedlichen Geschlechts*

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-42-619-1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 619-628

Author(s):

S. Biereder ◽

M. Wicke ◽

G. von Lengerken ◽

F. Schneider ◽

W. Kanitz

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Triceps Brachii ◽

Muscle Area ◽

Igf I

Abstract. Title ofthe paper: Growth of skeletal muscle and IGF-I in pigs of different sex IGF-I is a pluripotent factor that is involved in regulation of growth, differentiation and a large number of functions in numerous tissues and their cells. IGF-I is synthesized by hepatocytes (endocrine role) and several extrahepatic tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle; autoerine and paracrine role). In our study, we describe the postnatal growth of the skeletal muscles in pigs of various sex taking into account the possible influence of endogenous IGF-I. The investigation was made on 42 crossbred pigs. Seven blood samples and 4 biopsy samples of two muscles (M. longissimus dorsi and M. triceps brachii) were taken for the determination of IGF-I blood plasma concentration and muscle fibre diameter, respectively as well as for further muscle structural and biochemical traits. IGF-I plasma concentrations show an increase during fattening with significantly highest levels for boars. Phenotypic differences between sows and boars in thickness of Shoulder muscle are proven after the day 181 with ultrasonography because significant differences were detected in mean muscle area of caput longum musculi triceps brachii between sows and boars and barrows (180th day of life). There are no significant differences in mean muscle fibre diameter of both muscles between sexes. A group of animals with high mean diameter in muscle fibres (day 200) of M. triceps brachii has significantly higher IGF-I concentrations in blood plasma than a group of animals with low muscle fibre diameter in the same muscle.

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Muscle growth and development in normal-sex-ratio and all-female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.202.15.1991 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 202 (15) ◽

pp. 1991-2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I.A. Johnston ◽

G. Strugnell ◽

M.L. McCracken ◽

R. Johnstone

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Muscle Fibre ◽

Satellite Cells ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Fibre Diameter ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Female Fish ◽

Right Hand ◽

Triploid Fish

Muscle development and growth were investigated in diploid populations of normal-sex-ratio and all-female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and their triploid counterparts produced by high-pressure treatment. Somites were formed at the rate of 6 h-1 in both diploids and triploids at 6 degrees C. The rostral-to-caudal development of myotubes, myofibrils and acetylcholinesterase staining at the myosepta was slightly more advanced in triploid than in diploid fish, although the differences were smaller than among individual families. The c-met receptor tyrosine kinase was used as a molecular marker for the satellite cells involved in postembryonic muscle growth. Satellite cell nuclei comprised 17.5 % of total myonuclei in smolts and they were 24 % more abundant in diploid than in triploid fish. Cells expressing the myogenic regulatory factor myf-6, a marker of satellite cells committed to differentiation, represented 14.8 % of total myonuclei in diploids and 12.5 % in triploids. At ambient temperatures, the number of white muscle fibres in normal-sex-ratio fish increased more than 30-fold between the alevin and smolt stages, and approximately 3.5-fold further during the first year of seawater growth. The rate of muscle fibre recruitment in seawater stages was significantly greater in diploid than in triploid fish, reaching 1162 fibres day-1 and 608 fibres day-1, respectively, in all-female groups 800 days post-hatching. For 42 cm fork-length fish, there were approximately one-third more muscle fibres per myotome in diploid than in triploid groups, 649 878 and 413 619, respectively, for all-female fish. The probability density function of muscle fibre diameters in each fish was estimated using non-parametric smoothing techniques, and the mean densities for diploids (fD) and triploids (fT) were calculated. The peak fibre diameter was approximately 20 (micro)m in all age classes, irrespective of ploidy. Distinct bimodal distributions of muscle fibre diameter were evident in all groups 775 days and 839 days post-hatching, reflecting seasonal cycles of fibre recruitment. fD and fT were compared using a non-parametric bootstrap technique and the reference band representing the null-hypothesis indicated that there was no difference with ploidy. Reference bands for normal-sex-ratio fish at 315 days and 470 days indicated that diploids had a higher percentage of smaller-diameter fibres and that triploid distributions had a thicker right-hand tail. Similar differences in fD and fT of muscle fibre diameters were found for all-female fish, although the statistical evidence was less strong. Reference bands indicated differences in the middle range of the distributions of muscle fibre diameter in fish 620–775 days post-hatch, with triploids having a thicker right-hand tail. Thus, a lower density of satellite cells was associated with reduced rates of fibre recruitment but a compensatory increase in muscle fibre hypertrophy in triploid compared with diploid fish.

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Arginine promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s000711451900309x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 123 (5) ◽

pp. 499-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaoling Chen ◽

Xiaoming Luo ◽

Daiwen Chen ◽

Bing Yu ◽

Jun He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Type I ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Nuclear Respiratory Factor

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate whether arginine (Arg) promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation via improving mitochondrial biogenesis. In the in vivo study, a total of sixty Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire weaning piglets with an average body weight of 6·55 (sd 0·36) kg were randomly divided into four treatments and fed with a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 % l-Arg, respectively, in a 4-week trial. Results showed that dietary supplementation of 1·0 % Arg significantly enhanced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, up-regulated the protein expression of myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I) and increased the mRNA levels of MyHC I, troponin I1, C1 and T1 (Tnni1, Tnnc1 and Tnnt1) in longissimus dorsi muscle compared with the control group. In addition, ATPase staining analysis indicated that 1·0 % Arg supplementation significantly increased the number of type I muscle fibres and significantly decreased the number of type II muscle fibres. Furthermore, 1·0 % Arg supplementation significantly up-regulated PPAR-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), sirtuin 1 and cytochrome c (Cytc) protein expressions, increased PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondria transcription factor B1 (TFB1M), Cytc and ATP synthase subunit C1 (ATP5G) mRNA levels and increased mitochondrial DNA content. In the in vitro study, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone (Rot) was used. We found that Rot annulled Arg-induced type I muscle fibres formation. Together, our results provide for the first time the evidence that Arg promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis.

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The effect of lutein and Urtica dioica extract on in vitro production of embryo and oxidative status in polycystic ovary syndrome in a model of mice

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-021-03229-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Bandariyan ◽

A. Mogheiseh ◽

A. Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Oocyte Quality ◽

Fertilization Rate ◽

Urtica Dioica ◽

Control Group ◽

Type I ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pcos Group

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent endocrinopathies in women during the reproductive age. Herbal medicines are used increasingly alone or in supplement with chemical medicines for the treatment of different diseases and dysfunctions. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of lutein and nettle (Urtica dioica) extract on the biochemical parameters and the reproductive function in the PCOS model of mice. Methods Following the induction of PCOS by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the mice (n = 98) were randomly assigned into seven groups, each consisting of fourteen mice; the groups were included control group (received solvent), PCOS group (received 6 mg/100 g B.W/day IP, DHEA for 21 days), PCOS+ Nettle extract (200 and 400 mg/kg), PCOS+ Lutein (125 and 250 mg/kg), and PCOS+ NL (200 mg/kg nettle extract and 125 mg/kg lutein). The nettle extract and lutein were administrated using gavage for 30 consecutive days after PCOS induction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and estrogen were measured in serum, ovary, and uterus samples by the ELISA method. The total number of oocytes, oocyte quality, fertilization rate, 2-cell blastocyst, and arrested embryos (type I, type II, and type III) were also investigated. Results A combination treatment of the nettle and lutein produced the lowest concentration of MDA in comparison to other groups which affected by the PCOS. The lowest level of TAC was observed in the PCOS group without treatment. The number of oocytes, oocyte quality, fertilization rate, and 2-cell blastocyst were significantly higher in the control group, but the lowest values were observed in the PCOS group without any treatment. Conclusions The most favorable findings include improving antioxidant capacity, oocyte and embryo quality were observed in the PCOS+ 125 L group.

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