scholarly journals Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Maria Luisa Callegari ◽  
Serena Reggi ◽  
Valentina Caprarulo ◽  
Carlotta Giromini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Large White ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Faecal Score

The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 108 CFU/g L. reuteri (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum combined with 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. reuteri, P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea occurrence was assessed weekly by the faecal score (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets per pen for microbiological analyses and serum samples were collected from two piglets per pen for serum metabolic profiling. Treatments significantly reduced diarrhoea occurrence and decreased the average faecal score (0.94 ± 0.08 CTRL, 0.31 ± 0.08 PLA, 0.45 ± 0.08 REU, 0.27 ± 0.08 P+R; p < 0.05). The PLA group registered the lowest number of diarrhoea cases compared to other groups (20 cases CTRL, 5 cases PLA, 8 cases REU, 10 cases P+R; p < 0.01). After 28 days, the globulin serum level increased in PLA compared to the other groups (24.91 ± 1.09 g/L CTRL, 28.89 ± 1.03 g/L PLA, 25.91 ± 1.03 g/L REU, 25.31 ± 1.03 g/L P+R; p < 0.05). L. plantarum and L. reuteri could thus be considered as interesting functional additives to prevent diarrhoea occurrence in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals Selection of Promising Lactobacilli Antagonistic to Campylobacter Jejuni

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3983-3986
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection Of

This article reflects the results of a study on the selection of promising lactobacilli antagonistic to Campilobacter jejuni, a strain that is the most common and more pathogenic for humans, carried out as part of a project to scientifically substantiate the use of new technologies in poultry feeding using special probiotic strains that increase productivity and obtaining poultry products of improved quality with the properties of functional food products. During the study, strains of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. The cultivation of strains of Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum was carried out on liquid and agarized nutrient media MRS at 370С for 24 hours. In vitro antagonistic studies were performed using the two-way antagonistic method on a wide range of indicator crops. Since there is evidence of a specific mechanism for the manifestation of the antagonistic activity of lactobacilli to gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, we used test strains of both groups of bacteria. The antagonistic activity of the studied cultures against pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria was determined by the zone of growth inhibition of indicator strains around the colonies of individual strains of lactobacilli and their consortium (in mm). Priority clinical isolates isolated from birds with intestinal infections were used as indicator cultures: Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter jejuni ATCC strains 33560. During the study, most bacterial strains of the genus Lactobacillus were highly antagonistic its activity against indicator strains. The most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of lactobacilli were E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, S. typhimurium and P. vulgaris. The research results showed that the strain L.plantarum ATCC 8014 exhibits a more pronounced antagonistic activity than other strains of lactobacilli.

scholarly journals Fermentation by Multiple Bacterial Strains Improves the Production of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Goji Juice

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Liu ◽  
Huan Cheng ◽  
Huiyan Liu ◽  
Ruoshuang Ma ◽  
Jiangtao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Lycium Barbarum

Microorganisms can be used for enhancing flavors or metabolizing functional compounds. The fermented-food-derived bacterial strains comprising Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Lactobacillus reuteri mixed with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus plantarum were used to ferment goji berry (Lycium barbarum L.) juice in this study. The fermentation abilities and antioxidant capacities of different mixtures of multiple strains in goji juice were compared. The results showed that the lactic acid contents increased 9.24–16.69 times from 25.30 ± 0.71 mg/100 mL in goji juice fermented using the SLV (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, and Bacillus velezensis), SZP (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Bacillus licheniformis), and SZVP (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus velezensis, and Bacillus licheniformis) mixtures, and the protein contents increased 1.31–2.11 times from 39.23 ± 0.67 mg/100 mL. In addition, their contents of volatile compounds increased with positive effects on aroma in the fermented juices. Conversion of the free and bound forms of phenolic acids and flavonoids in juice was influenced by fermentation, and the antioxidant capacity improved significantly. Fermentation enhanced the contents of lactic acid, proteins, volatile compounds, and phenols. The antioxidant capacity was strongly correlated with the phenolic composition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tannin Extracts, Leonardite and Tributyrin Supplementation on Diarrhoea Incidence and Gut Microbiota of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1693
Author(s):  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Serena Reggi ◽  
Valentina Caprarulo ◽  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Group 14 ◽  
Large White ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Individual Body

The effects of the dietary administration of a combination of Quebracho and Chestnut tannins, leonardite and tributyrin were evaluated in weaned piglets. A total of 168 weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White) were randomly allotted to two experimental groups (6 pens/group, 14 piglets/pen). Animals were fed a basal control diet (CTRL) and a treatment diet (MIX) supplemented with 0.75% tannin extracts, 0.25% leonardite and 0.20% tributyrin for 28 days. Individual body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea incidence was recorded by a faecal scoring scale (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets/pen for microbiological and chemical analyses of faecal microbiota, which were then assessed by V3-V4 region amplification sequencing. At 28 days, blood from two piglets/pen was sampled to evaluate the serum metabolic profile. After 28 days, a reduction in diarrhoea incidence was observed in the MIX compared to CTRL group (p < 0.05). In addition, compared to CTRL, MIX showed a higher lactobacilli:coliform ratio and increased Prevotella and Fibrobacter genera presence (p < 0.01). The serum metabolic profile showed a decreased level of low-density lipoproteins in the treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a combination of tannin extract, leonardite and tributyrin could decrease diarrhoea incidence and modulate the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals The Effects of Partially or Completely Substituted Dietary Zinc Sulfate by Lower Levels of Zinc Methionine on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Immune Function, and Visceral Indices in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhuai Xie ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Lixue Wang ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Zhenfeng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Zinc Methionine

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) with a lower level of zinc methionine (ZnMet) on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum metabolites and immune functions of weaned piglets. Thirty-five weaned Duroc × Landrace × Large White male piglets (10.69 ± 0.26 kg) were randomly allotted to five diets. The control diet was supplemented with 100 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4, and experimental diets included 75 + 12.5, 50 + 25, 25 + 37.5, and 0 + 50 mg/kg of Zn from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively. The results showed that no differences were observed in growth performance, ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites among treatments, while serum white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IgM contents and spleen index were higher (p < 0.01) in piglets fed with 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn. Zinc digestibility (p < 0.05), IgA content (p < 0.001) and thymus index (p < 0.05) were increased when at least 50% of ZnSO4 was replaced by ZnMet. All the results indicated that using a lower level of ZnMet in weaned piglet’s diet instead of ZnSO4 had no adverse impacts on ATTD of nutrients and serum metabolites; and a 50 + 25 mg/kg of Zn (from ZnSO4 and ZnMet, respectively) diet showed the best advantages for parameters relating to immune functions.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Daniel Montoya ◽  
Matilde D’Angelo ◽  
Susana M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento ◽  
Mireia Saladrigas-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Microbial Analysis

This study evaluates the efficacy of two plant-based feed supplementations to fight colibacillosis in weanlings. A total of 96 piglets (32 pens) were assigned to four diets: a control diet (T1) or supplemented with ZnO (2500 ppm Zn) (T2) or two different plant supplements, T3 (1 kg/t; based on essential oils) and T4 (T3 + 1.5 kg/t based on non-volatile compounds). After one week, animals were challenged with ETEC F4, and 8 days after, one animal per pen was euthanized. Performance, clinical signs, microbial analysis, inflammatory response, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression were assessed. ZnO improved daily gains 4 days after challenge, T3 and T4 showing intermediate values (96, 249, 170, and 157 g/d for T1, T2, T3, and T4, p = 0.035). Fecal lactobacilli were higher with T3 and T4 compared to ZnO (7.55, 6.26, 8.71, and 8.27 cfu/gFM; p = 0.0007) and T3 increased the lactobacilli/coliforms ratio (p = 0.002). T4 was associated with lower levels of Pig-MAP (p = 0.07) and increases in villus/crypt ratio (1.49, 1.90, 1.73, and 1.84; p = 0.009). Moreover, T4 was associated with an upregulation of the REG3G gene (p = 0.013; pFDR = 0.228) involved in the immune response induced by enteric pathogens. In conclusion, both plant supplements enhanced animal response in front of an ETEC F4 challenge probably based on different modes of action.

259 Effects of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Products on Lactating Sow’s Blood and Uterine Cytokine Profiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Ricardo M Garcia ◽  
Morgan T Thayer ◽  
Kayla M Mills ◽  
Jacob A Richert ◽  
Katharine G Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Uterine Fluid

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of a liquid prototype (LIQP) and dry (XPC®; Diamond V) Saccharomyces cerevisiae feed additives on blood and uterine cytokine profiles in sows (n = 40). On d 112 of pregnancy sows were allotted to dietary treatments: 1) Control diet (CON), 2) CON +15 mL of LIQP (LIQ), 3) CON +0.20% of XPC (DRY), and 4) DRY +15 mL of LIQP until d 7 post-farrowing (D+L). Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were quantified from serum samples collected on d 112 of gestation, d 2 and 6 post-farrowing, and from uterine fluid collected on d 2, 4, and 6 post-farrowing. Serum C-Reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin concentrations were evaluated. No interactions between treatments and day of collection were observed (P &gt; 0.13). LIQ and D+L sows had the greatest serum IL-10 concentration (P &lt; 0.001) and sows fed CON tended to have lower concentration of IL-8 (P &lt; 0.06) vs. other treatments. Serum CRP concentrations were greatest on d 2 (P &lt; 0.001), serum IL-10 (P &lt; 0.04) and IL-4 (P &lt; 0.07) linearly decreased while serum haptoglobin (P &lt; 0.02) and INF-γ (P &lt; 0.001) linearly increased post-farrowing. In the uterine fluid, LIQ and D+L sows had greater INF-γ (P = 0.04) concentrations and CON tended to have the least concentration of TNF-α (P = 0.08). Uterine fluid IL-1 tended to linearly increase (P &lt; 0.07) and IL-6 linearly decrease (P &lt; 0.01) post-farrowing. No strong correlations were detected between cytokines in the serum and uterine fluid within day. LIQ sows had the greatest daily feed intake and CON the least during the first week of lactation (P = 0.04). Providing LIQP post-farrowing to sows modified immune response increasing both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and uterine fluid in an independent manner, allowing animals a quicker recovery and increased feed intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Zinc Sources and Levels on Growth Performance, Zinc Status, Expressions of Zinc Transporters, and Zinc Bioavailability in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2515
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Mengqi Qian ◽  
Zhiren Yang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Xinyan Han
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
Zinc Bioavailability ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Oral Acute Toxicity

The present study was conducted to explore the bioavailability of chitosan–zinc chelate (CS–Zn) in weaned piglets, and its characteristics of prepared and oral safety were also involved. A total of 210 crossbred weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) with a mean body weight of 6.30 kg were randomly assigned into seven dietary treatments involving a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with two Zn sources (CS–Zn and ZnSO4) and three levels of added Zn (50, 100, 150 mg Zn/kg) plus a Zn-unsupplemented control diet. The feeding trial lasted 42 days. The AFM image of CS–Zn showed a rougher appearance and smaller size particles. The changes in spectrum peaks evidenced the successful chelating of Zn2+ with chitosan. The XRD patterns revealed the formation of a new crystalline phase. Moreover, the oral acute toxicity test of CS–Zn showed no lethal effects on mice. Weaned piglets fed dietary CS–Zn showed improved weight gain and decreased diarrhea incidence. Additionally, the bioavailability of CS–Zn was higher than that of ZnSO4 in piglets. Taken together, these results indicate that the prepared CS–Zn chelate, with rough surface and crystalline phase, is non-toxic and show enhanced bioavailability.

Sainfoin seeds in organic diets for weaned piglets—utilizing the protein-rich grains of a long-known forage legume

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Baldinger ◽  
W. Hagmüller ◽  
U. Minihuber ◽  
M. Matzner ◽  
W. Zollitsch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Soybean Cake ◽  
Protein Rich

AbstractSainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a tanniniferous legume that has been used as non-bloating forage for horses and ruminants for centuries, but so far its protein-rich seeds have not been utilized as a feedstuff for monogastric animals. In Europe, the main protein sources in diets for organic pigs are the grain legumes faba beans (Vicia faba) and peas (Pisum sativum), alongside the expensive high-quality components soybean cake, skimmed milk powder and potato protein. Because of the scarce supply of organic soybean cake and the highly variable yield of peas, alternative and locally produced protein sources are of great interest. As part of the EU Core Organic II research project ICOPP (improved contribution of local feed to support 100% organic feed supply to pigs and poultry), sainfoin seeds have been tested as a protein source for organic weaned piglets. In a feeding trial, a control diet, one diet containing 10% sainfoin seeds with hulls and two diets with 10 and 16% dehulled seeds, respectively (as fed basis) were fed to 137 piglets (crosses of [Pietrain×Duroc]×[Landrace×Large White]) during the 4-week post-weaning phase. The protein-rich components of the control diet were peas and soybean cake, which were partly substituted for sainfoin seeds in the experimental diets. Sainfoin seeds were found to contain 279 g kg−1 crude protein (388 g kg−1 when dehulled, as fed basis) with an amino acid profile suitable for pig feeding. Neither feed intake and body weight gain nor feed conversion ratio differed between treatments. It is concluded that sainfoin seeds can be a valuable protein source in moderate percentages of 10–16% in organic diets for weaned piglets. Where sainfoin can be cultivated easily and the seeds are harvested, using them as feed for piglets can therefore be recommended.

scholarly journals PSIX-12 Effects of tannin supplementation on zootechnical performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Monika Hejna ◽  
Matteo Dell’Anno ◽  
Valentina Caprarulo ◽  
Stefania Sotira ◽  
Luciana Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Large White ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Enteric Disorders ◽  
Individual Body

Abstract Weaned piglets often suffer from the enteric disorders and post-weaning diarrhoea. Natural extracts, due to its functional properties, such as tannins from chestnut and quebracho are often considered as feed additives against diarrhoea after the antibiotics ban (Reg. UE 1831/2003). The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary effects of tannins on growth performance and blood parameters of weaned piglets. A total of 120 piglets (Large White x Landrace) weaned at d 28±2 were randomly allotted to one of two treatments (control vs. tannin) with 6 pens per treatment and 10 pigs per pen. The tannin diet was supplemented with 1.25% of chestnut and quebracho tannins (Silvateam, Italy). The experiment lasted 40 days. Individual body weight (BW) was recorded at d 0, 14, 28 and 40. Feed intake was measured weekly to calculate feed efficiency from d 0 to 14, d 14 to 28, and d 28 to 40. Blood samples were collected on d 40 from a subset of animals (4 pigs/pen). Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS 9.4 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Supplementation of tannins did not affect BW and feed intake throughout the experiment. However, addition of tannins showed tendency to increase the feed efficiency on d 14 to d 28, compared with control (P = 0.54; 60.4 vs. 52.3, respectively). Dietary addition of tannins significantly increase the serum concentration of albumin, and decrease of globulin, urea and creatinine compared with control (P &lt; 0.05; 23.05 vs. 19.31 g/L, 30.13 vs. 33.58 g/L; 0.98 vs. 2.18 mmol/L; 53.92 vs. 78.92 μmol/L, respectively). In conclusion, tannin supplementation impacted the blood parameters that were related to protein utilization, although this benefit was not reflected in growth performance of weaned pigs.

In vitro characterisation of two Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of their suitability as probiotics for growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
D. Y. Zhang ◽  
H. F. Ji ◽  
S. X. Wang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

In this study, we evaluated the probiotic properties of two strains Lactobacillus reuteri ZLR003 and Lactobacillus salivarius ZLS006. The two strains displayed tolerance of acid and heat, and demonstrated antimicrobial ability in vitro. Furthermore, their potential functions in vivo were also tested. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace × Large White) growing pigs were divided into three groups: a control diet, the same diet supplemented with L. reuteri ZLR003 (2.0 × 109 cfu/kg of diet) or L. salivarius ZLS006 (3.50 × 109 cfu/kg of diet). The results showed that the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in L. reuteri ZLR003- (1–5 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) and L. salivarius ZLS006-treated pigs (1–5 weeks, 6–9 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation with L. salivarius ZLS006 increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen at Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05). The faecal Lactobacillus populations increased at the end of experiment, and the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in faeces decreased in the two Lactobacillus treatments compared with the control at Week 5 (P &lt; 0.05) and Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the total cholesterol, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, blood urea nitrogen and haptoglobin levels in serum were significantly decreased following L. reuteri ZLR003 and L. salivarius ZLS006 treatments (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that the two Lactobacillus strains may be promising candidates for probiotic products in growing-finishing pigs.

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