scholarly journals Investigation of Prognostic Value of Claudin-5, PSMA, and Ki67 Expression in Canine Splenic Hemangiosarcoma

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2406
Author(s):  
Juliana Moreira Rozolen ◽  
Tamires Goneli Wichert Teodoro ◽  
Renata Afonso Sobral ◽  
Felipe Augusto Ruiz Sueiro ◽  
Renee Laufer-Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Ki67 Index ◽  
Protein Overexpression ◽  
Ki67 Expression ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings

Splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor of endothelial cells that affects middle-aged and elderly dogs and is characterized by the formation of new blood vessels, commonly associated with necrotic and hemorrhagic areas. Despite its importance in veterinary medicine, few studies have identified markers with prognostic value for canine HSA. Thus, this study aimed to associate the clinicopathological findings (prostate-specific membrane antigen [PSMA], Claudin-5, and Ki67 gene and protein expression) with overall survival in HSA-affected patients. Fifty-three formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded canine splenic HSA samples, previously diagnosed by histopathological examination, were used in this study. Claudin-5, PSMA, and Ki67 protein expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and gene expression was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Claudin-5 protein overexpression was observed in patients with metastasis (p = 0.0078) and with stage III tumors compared to those with stage I and II tumors (p = 0.0451). In patients treated with surgery alone, low PSMA gene and protein expression (p = 0.05 and p = 0.0355, respectively) were associated with longer survival time. Longer survival time was observed in patients with a low Ki67 index (p = 0.0488). Our results indicate that Claudin-5 protein expression is associated with metastatic status, and PSMA gene and protein expression, and Ki67 index are associated with survival time.

scholarly journals Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Mediated by NF-κB Factor as Prognostic Markers in Mammary Tumors

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Gabriela Bottaro Gelaleti ◽  
Marina Gobbe Moschetta ◽  
Larissa Bazela Maschio-Signorini ◽  
Debora Ap. Pires de Campos Zuccari
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Prognostic Markers ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
High Gene

Inflammation results in the production of cytokines, such as interleukin- (IL-) 4 and IL-10 with immunosuppressive properties or IL-6 and TNF-αwith procarcinogenic activity. Furthermore, NF-κB is the major link between inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study verified the interaction between active inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment and serum of female dogs with mammary tumors and their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival. Measurement of gene expression was performed by qPCR and protein levels by ELISA/Luminex. High gene and protein expression levels of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-αwere found in association with characteristics that reflect worse prognosis and a negative correlation between TNF-αprotein expression and survival time was observed (p<0.05). In contrast, high gene and protein expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were associated with characteristics of better prognosis and an increased level of IL-4 and a longer survival time of animals were obtained (p<0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between TNF-αand IL-6 expression in association with NF-κB. The results show a significant correlation of these cytokines with tumor development, associated with NF-κB expression and cytokines promodulation, showing that these biological factors could be used as predictive and prognostic markers in breast cancer.

scholarly journals Leptin Protein Expression and Promoter Methylation in Ovarian Cancer: A Strong Prognostic Value with Theranostic Promises

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12872
Author(s):  
Mourad Assidi ◽  
Fatimah M. Yahya ◽  
Maryam H. Al-Zahrani ◽  
Razan Elkhatib ◽  
Ali Zari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Cpg Island ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Promoter Hypermethylation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protein Overexpression ◽  
Recurrence Rates

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest among all gynecological cancers. Epidemiological studies showed that obesity might influence many cancers including OC. One of the key factors that may link obesity and OC is leptin (LEP), known as an adipokine with pleiotropic effects on body homeostasis. This study aims to investigate the expression pattern of LEP, assess the methylation profiles of LEP and their associations with clinicopathological features including survival outcomes of OC patients. The protein expression of LEP was evaluated in 208 samples using both tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry techniques. The methylation profiles of LEP were measured in 63 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using a MethyLight assay. Our results showed a significant association of LEP protein overexpression with several clinicopathological variables, mainly tumor subtype, LVI, age of menarche, tumor size and stage (p < 0.04). Kaplan–Meier analysis (using low expression versus high expression as a discriminator) indicated that LEP protein overexpression is a powerful positive prognosticator of both OC recurrence (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) in our OC cohort (log-rank p = 0.01 and p = 0.002, respectively). This implies that patients with high LEP expression profiles live longer with less recurrence rates. Methylation analysis results demonstrated a clear association between no/low LEP protein expression pattern (38%) and LEP promoter CpG island hypermethylation (43%). Results of this study suggest that LEP is a powerful prognosticator of OC recurrence and DSS. LEP expression in OC seems to be regulated by its promoter hypermethylation through gene partial/total silencing. Further multi-institutional studies using larger cohorts are required to demystify the intricate molecular functions of this leptin-driven effects in OC pathophysiology and to accurately assess its theranostic potential and validate its prognostic/predictive power in OC onset, progression towards more effective and personalized management of OC patients.

Effect of stallion age on the expression of LH and FSH receptors and aromatase P450 in equine male reproductive tissues

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vladimir Herrera-Luna ◽  
Dragos Scarlet ◽  
Ingrid Walter ◽  
Christine Aurich
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labelling ◽  
Male Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of the present study was to characterise receptors for LH and FSH (LHR and FSHR, respectively) and aromatase in epididymal and testicular tissue from stallions of different ages (prepubertal, young, mature and old). Gene and protein expression were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR), immunohistochemistry and multiple immunofluorescence labelling. There were no differences in LHR mRNA expression in epididymal and testicular parenchyma in stallions of different age. In contrast, expression of FSHR and CYP19A1 in caput, corpus and cauda epididymis and in testicular parenchyma increased with age (P < 0.001). Immunolabelling for LHR, FSHR and aromatase was influenced by puberty. In postpubertal stallions, positive staining for LHR and aromatase was detected in Leydig cells, whereas protein expression of FSHR was present in Sertoli cells and primary spermatocytes. In prepubertal colts, staining for LHR, FSHR and aromatase was detected in seminiferous tubules. In epididymal tissue, aromatase was present in the cauda epididymis only, regardless of age. In conclusion, the results highlight the significance of gonadotropin action and oestrogen production for the maturation of male reproductive tissue in the horse. The presence of FSHR in the seminiferous tubules suggests effects of FSH on spermatogenesis in this species. The importance of oestrogen production for maintenance of testicular function in stallions was confirmed.

scholarly journals Effect of ovarian steroids on vascular endothelial growth factor a expression in bovine uterine endothelial cells during adenomyosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyna Lupicka ◽  
Anna Zadroga ◽  
Agata Szczepańska ◽  
Anna Justyna Korzekwa
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract Background Adenomyosis is a uterine dysfunction defined as the presence of endometrial glands within the myometrium. There is evidence that proangiogenic factors may play a role during the development of adenomyosis; however, exact mechanism remains unknown. The aim of the study was to determine the action of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in uterine tissue and uterine vascular endothelial cells during adenomyosis. Results Uterine tissues were collected and examined for the presence and extent of adenomyosis. Gene and protein expression of VEGFA and its two receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) was evaluated with quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively, in endometrium and myometrium during adenomyosis. Immunolocalization of VEGFA and its receptors within uterine tissues during adenomyosis was also determined. In an in vitro experiment, endothelial cells from non-adenomyotic bovine uteri were treated with media conditioned by non-adenomyotic or adenomyotic uterine slices treated with 17-beta-oestradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4). Both gene and protein expression of VEGFR2 were elevated in endometrium in stages 3–4 of adenomyosis. Protein expression of VEGFA and VEGFR2 as well as VEGFA secretion were increased in endothelial cells treated with media conditioned by adenomyotic uterine slices after E2 treatment. Conclusions Results suggest that VEGFA signalling is an important component, next to E2, that enhances VEGFA action and participates in adenomyosis development in cows.

scholarly journals Increased IL-1a expression is correlated with bladder cancer malignant progression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Jie Yao ◽  
Hong-Shun Ma ◽  
Guang-Ming Liu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

IntroductionTo explore the function of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) in bladder cancer (BCa).Material and methodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to test the protein expression of IL-1α in BCa tissues. The relationship between IL-1α and clinical characteristics was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier curve method. The gene and protein expression was tested by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-q-PCR) and western blot, respectively. Colony formation and MTT assays were used to detect the potential of proliferation in vitro, and scratch and transwell chamber assays were used to detect the potential of invasion in vitro. Markers of proliferation such as Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and markers of invasion such as MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by western blot. Xenograft study was used for the in vivo experiment.ResultsWe found that IL-1α was highly expressed in BCa patients while highly expressed IL-1α was significantly related to short overall survival and progression-free survival in BCa as well. Moreover, knockdown of IL-1α might inhibit the ability of cancer cells to proliferate and invade or migrate both in vitro and in vivo.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that IL-1α might be a therapy target for BCa malignant progression.

scholarly journals FoxP3, CTLA-4, and IDO in Canine Melanocytic Tumors

2020 ◽  
pp. 030098582096013
Author(s):  
Ilaria Porcellato ◽  
Chiara Brachelente ◽  
Katia Cappelli ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Serenella Silvestri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Melanocytic Tumors ◽  
Immunosuppressive Cell ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Canine Melanoma

Despite promising immunotherapy strategies in human melanoma, there are few studies on the immune environment of canine melanocytic tumors. In humans, the activation of immunosuppressive cell subpopulations, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express forkhead box protein P3 (FoxP3), the engagement of immunosuppressive surface receptors like cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA-4), and the secretion of molecules inhibiting lymphocyte activation, such as indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), are recognized as immunoescape mechanisms that allow tumor growth and progression. The aim of our study was to investigate the expression of these immunosuppression markers in canine melanocytic tumors and to postulate their possible role in melanoma biology and progression. Fifty-five formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine melanocytic tumors (25 oral melanomas; 20 cutaneous melanomas; 10 cutaneous melanocytomas) were selected to investigate the expression of FoxP3, CTLA-4, and IDO by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). All of the tested markers showed high gene and protein expression in oral melanomas and were differently expressed in cutaneous melanomas when compared to their benign counterpart. IDO expression was associated with an increased hazard of death both in univariable and multivariable analyses ( P < .05). FoxP3 protein expression >6.9 cells/HPF (high-power field) was an independent predictor of death ( P < .05). CTLA-4 gene and protein expressions were associated with a worse prognosis, but only in the univariable analysis ( P < .05). FoxP3, CTLA-4, and IDO likely play a role in canine melanoma immunoescape. Their expression, if supported by future studies, could represent a prognostic tool in canine melanoma and pave the way to future immunotherapeutic approaches in dogs.

Prognostic value of p53 and Ki67 expression in gastric carcinoid tumors

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A298-A299
Author(s):  
A SAFATLERIBEIRO ◽  
U RIBEIRO ◽  
C KOBATA ◽  
C CORBETT ◽  
K IRIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Carcinoid Tumors ◽  
Gastric Carcinoid ◽  
Ki67 Expression

Inhibition of Migration and Invasion of Hepatocarcinoma HepG2 Cells by Dietary Saponins via Targeting HIF-1α

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1031
Author(s):  
Cheng Luo ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Meiling Chen ◽  
Wenhua Miao ◽  
Changfeng Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Simulated Hypoxia

Background: Different saponins from herbs have been used as tonic or functional foods, and for treatment of various diseases including cancers. Although clinical data has supported the function of these saponins, their underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well defined. Methods: With the simulated hypoxia created by 8 hours of Cu++ exposure and following 24 hour incubation with different concentration of saponins in HepG2 cells for MTT assay, migration and invasion assays, and for RT-PCR, and with each group of cells for immunofluorescence observation by confocal microscopy. Results： ZC-4 had the highest rate of inhibition of cell proliferation by MTT assay, and the highest inhibition of migration rate by in vitro scratch assay, while ZC-3 had the highest inhibition of invasion ratio by transwell assay. Under the same simulated hypoxia, the molecular mechanism of saponin function was conducted by measuring the gene expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-1α through RT-PCR, in which ZC-3 showed a potent inhibition of gene HIF-1α. For the protein expression by immunofluorescence staining with confocal microscopy, HIF-1α was also inhibited by saponins, with the most potent one being ZC-4 after eight hours’ relatively hypoxia incubation. Conclusion: Saponins ZC-4 and ZC-3 have the potential to reduce HepG2 cell proliferation, migration and invasion caused by hypoxia through effectively inhibiting the gene and protein expression of HIF-1α directly and as antioxidant indirectly

scholarly journals Treadmill Running Changes Endothelial Lipase Expression: Insights from Gene and Protein Analysis in Various Striated Muscle Tissues and Serum

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mikłosz ◽  
Bartłomiej Łukaszuk ◽  
Adrian Chabowski ◽  
Jan Górski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Endothelial Lipase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
The Impact ◽  
White Gastrocnemius

Endothelial lipase (EL) is an enzyme capable of HDL phospholipids hydrolysis. Its action leads to a reduction in the serum high-density lipoprotein concentration, and thus, it exerts a pro-atherogenic effect. This study examines the impact of a single bout exercise on the gene and protein expression of the EL in skeletal muscles composed of different fiber types (the soleus—mainly type I, the red gastrocnemius—mostly IIA, and the white gastrocnemius—predominantly IIX fibers), as well as the diaphragm, and the heart. Wistar rats were subjected to a treadmill run: 1) t = 30 [min], V = 18 [m/min]; 2) t = 30 [min], V = 28 [m/min]; 3) t = 120 [min], V = 18 [m/min] (designated: M30, F30, and M120, respectively). We established EL expression in the total muscle homogenates in sedentary animals. Resting values could be ordered with the decreasing EL protein expression as follows: endothelium of left ventricle > diaphragm > red gastrocnemius > right ventricle > soleus > white gastrocnemius. Furthermore, we observed that even a single bout of exercise was capable of inducing changes in the mRNA and protein level of EL, with a clearer pattern observed for the former. After 30 min of running at either exercise intensity, the expression of EL transcript in all the cardiovascular components of muscles tested, except the soleus, was reduced in comparison to the respective sedentary control. The protein content of EL varied with the intensity and/or duration of the run in the studied whole tissue homogenates. The observed differences between EL expression in vascular beds of muscles may indicate the muscle-specific role of the lipase.

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