Replacement of Palm Oil with Soybean Acid Oil in Broiler Chicken Diet: Fat Digestibility and Lipid Class Content along the Intestinal Tract

This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of palm oil (P) with increasing levels of soybean acid oil (SA), a by-product of soybean oil (S) refining, on lipid class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility in the intestine and excreta of chickens at 11 and 35 days (d). Five experimental diets were obtained by supplementing a basal diet with 6% of P (P6), 6% of SA (SA6), 4% of P + 2% SA (P4-SA2), 2% of P + 4% of SA (P2-SA4) and 6% of S (S6). A total of 480 one-d-old female broiler chickens (Ross 308) were housed in metabolic cages (6 cages/treatment, with 16 birds/cage). Replacing P with SA improved fat absorption at 11 and 35 d (p < 0.05), but not feed AME values and saturated FA (SFA) digestibility at 11 d. As age increased, the absorption of SFA and free fatty acids (FFA) improved, and the contribution of the upper ileum to FA absorption increased (p < 0.05). At 35 d, SA6 (56% FFA) and P2-SA4 (40% FFA, 2.6 unsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio) could replace S6 without impairing fat utilization. The replacement of P with SA represents a suitable strategy to use this by-product.

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Soybean Oil Replacement by Palm Fatty Acid Distillate in Broiler Chicken Diets: Fat Digestibility and Lipid-Class Content along the Intestinal Tract

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11041035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1035

Author(s):

Beatriz Jimenez-Moya ◽

Ana C. Barroeta ◽

Alba Tres ◽

María Dolores Soler ◽

Roser Sala

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Lipid Class ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Content ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽

Fatty Acid Distillate

Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a by-product of palm oil (P) refining. Its use in chicken diets is a way to reduce the cost of feed and the environmental impact. Its low unsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratio (UFA:SFA) and its high free fatty acid (FFA) level could be partially counteracted by its blending with soybean oil (S). The objective was to assess the effect of replacing S with different levels of PFAD on lipid-class content and fatty acid (FA) digestibility along the intestinal tract and in the excreta of 11 and 35-day-old broiler chickens. Five experimental diets were prepared by supplementing a basal diet with S (S6), PFAD (PA6), two blends of them (S4-PA2 and S2-PA4), or P (P6) at 6%. Replacing S with PFAD did not affect performance parameters (p > 0.05) but negatively affected feed AME, FA digestibility, and FFA intestinal content (p < 0.05), especially in starter chicks. Including PFAD delayed total FA (TFA) absorption (p < 0.05) at 11 days, but at 35 days it did not affect the TFA absorption rate. The use of PFAD blended with S, when FFA ≤ 30% and UFA:SFA ≥ 2.6, led to adequate energy utilization in broiler grower-finisher diets.

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Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Leads to Downregulation of PPAR Transcription in Broiler Chickens and Reduction of Adipocyte Cellularity

PPAR Research ◽

10.1155/2014/137652 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Suriya Kumari Ramiah ◽

Goh Yong Meng ◽

Tan Sheau Wei ◽

Yeap Swee Keong ◽

Mahdi Ebrahimi

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Adipocyte Size ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as an important ligand for nuclear receptors in adipogenesis and fat deposition in mammals and avian species. This study aimed to determine whether similar effects are plausible on avian abdominal fat adipocyte size, as well as abdominal adipogenic transcriptional level. CLA was supplemented at different levels, namely, (i) basal diet without CLA (5% palm oil) (CON), (ii) basal diet with 2.5% CLA and 2.5% palm oil (LCLA), and (iii) basal diet with 5% CLA (HCLA).The content ofcis-9,trans-11 CLA was between 1.69- and 2.3-fold greater (P<0.05) than that oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA in the abdominal fat of the LCLA and HCLA group. The adipogenic capacity of the abdominal fat depot in LCLA and HCLA fed chicken is associated with a decreased proportion of adipose cells and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The transcriptional level of adipocyte protein (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was downregulated by 1.08- to 2.5-fold in CLA supplemented diets, respectively. It was speculated that feeding CLA to broiler chickens reduced adipocyte size and downregulated PPARγand aP2 that control adipocyte cellularity. Elevation of CLA isomers into their adipose tissue provides a potential CLA-rich source for human consumption.

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Insect Oil as An Alternative to Palm Oil and Poultry Fat in Broiler Chicken Nutrition

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9030116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 116 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Abdelbasset Benzertiha ◽

Bartosz Kierończyk ◽

Mateusz Rawski ◽

Paweł Kołodziejski ◽

Magdalena Bryszak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Pancreatic Enzyme ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Breast Muscle ◽

Lipid Fatty Acid ◽

Muscle Tissues ◽

Poultry Fat

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Tenebrio molitor (TM) oil as a total replacement for palm oil and poultry fat in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, pancreatic enzyme activity, selected blood parameters and the lipid fatty acid compositions of liver and breast muscle tissues. A total of 72 seven-day-old female Ross 308 broiler chickens were used. The birds were randomly distributed into three groups with 12 replicates each, using two birds per replicate for 30 days in metabolic cages. The basal diet was supplemented with 5% palm oil, poultry fat or TM oil. There was no effect (p > 0.05) caused by the dietary oil replacement on the birds’ performance and apparent nutrient digestibility. Liver size (p = 0.033), the concentration of hepatic triglycerides (p = 0.049) and total cholesterol (p = 0.048) were reduced by TM oil supplementation. Furthermore, TM oil supplementation increased n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (p = 0.006; p < 0.001, respectively) in breast muscle tissue. In conclusion, the use of TM oil in broiler chickens’ diets did not show any adverse effects on performance, nutrient digestibility and blood biochemical parameters. Moreover, TM oil supplementation improved the fatty acid profiles of liver and breast muscle tissues.

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Serum biochemical properties and liver morphology of broiler chicken as affected by feeding Misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) as a supplementary diet

Research in Biotechnology ◽

10.19071/rib.2016.v7.3093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Masnindah Malahubban ◽

Zakry Fitri Ab Aziz

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplement ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthosiphon Stamineus ◽

Liver Morphology ◽

Serum Biochemical

To evaluate the effects of ground leaf of Misai kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus) as a dietary supplement on serum biochemical parameters and liver morphology. One hundred and sixty one-day old male broiler chickens (n=160) were distributed into four treatment groups, with five replicates of eight birds in each group: the control group (diet without additives); the group dietary treatments, Diet OS2 (Basal diet + 2g/kg O. stamineus); Diet OS4 (Basal diet + 4g/kg O. stamineus) and Diet OS8 (Basal diet + 8g/kg O. stamineus). After 42 days, 40 birds were randomly selected for serum biochemical profile analysis involving pancreatic, renal, and hepatic functions (urea, sodium, potassium, chlorine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and globulins). Present study found that serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly lower suggesting that the O. stamineus ground leaf possibly do not cause kidney and liver impairment, mainly, at the higher dosage (8g/kg). Present study concluded that the broiler chicken fed O. stamineus ground leaf at a rate 8 g/kg was the most promising dietary supplement to enhance health without deleterious effects on serum biochemical properties and morphological components of liver. In addition, it reduces abdominal fats and serum cholesterol. This study has provide evident that medicinal plant, O. stamineus can potentially substituted the use of additive synthetic.

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Dietary Curcumin Improves Energy Metabolism, Brain Monoamines, Carcass Traits, Muscle Oxidative Stability and Fatty Acid Profile in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1265

Author(s):

Ayman S. Salah ◽

Omar A. Ahmed-Farid ◽

Mohamed Abdo Nassan ◽

Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Thermal Stress ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Oxidative Stability ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Brain Serotonin ◽

Brain Monoamines ◽

Thigh Muscles ◽

Liver Tissues

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the impacts of dietary curcumin supplementation on energy metabolism, brain monoamines and muscle oxidative stability in heat-stressed broilers. In total, 120 day-old chicks were allocated into three equal groups of four replicates. The first group (T1) was maintained on a thermoneutral condition, while the second group (T2) was subjected to 8 h of thermal stress (34 °C), and both groups fed the basal diet with no supplement. The third group (T3) was exposed to the same thermal stress conditions and fed the basal diet supplemented with curcumin (100 mg kg−1 diet). The dietary curcumin supplementation significantly increased the breast yield (p = 0.004), but reduced the percentage of abdominal fat (p = 0.017) compared with the T2 group. The addition of curcumin to broiler diets significantly improved the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast and thigh muscles compared with the T2 group (p < 0.05). The curcumin-supplemented group showed significantly lower levels of malondialdehyde in the breast and thigh muscles than that of the T2 group (p = 0.001 and 0.015, respectively). The dietary curcumin supplementation significantly improved the levels of ATP and CoQ10 in liver tissues (p = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively) and brain serotonin (p = 0.006) as compared to the T2 group. Meanwhile, the heat-stressed group showed significantly higher levels of ADP and Na,K-ATPase in the liver tissues than that of the other experimental groups (p = 0.011 and 0.027, respectively). It could be concluded that dietary curcumin supplementation may improve carcass yield, energy biomarkers, brain serotonin and muscle oxidative stability of heat-stressed broiler chickens.

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Effect of feeding fat to dairy cows receiving a fat-deficient basal diet: I. Milk yield and composition

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900015764 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 213-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

W. Banks ◽

J. L. Clapperton ◽

Morag E. Ferrie ◽

Agnes G. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Milk Production ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Control Diet ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Dietary Oils ◽

Soya Oil

SummaryThe effects of supplementing a basal diet, in which the low level of fatty acids limited milk production, with soya oil, a palm oil/palmitic acid mixture and tallow, on the yield of milk and of its constituents, and on the composition of the milk, are reported. The yields of milk and milk fat were greatly increased by all the oil-supplemented diets; the mean daily yield of solids-not-fat (SNF) was also increased, but supplementation with soya oil caused the yield of crude protein (CP) to decrease, whereas the other fat-rich concentrate mixtures gave the same mean yield of protein as did the low-fat, control diet. All 3 oil-supplemented diets lowered the proportion of CP in the milk, but the SNF content was unchanged by any treatment. Dietary soya oil tended to lower the proportion of fat in the milk, whilst the palm oil/palmitic acid mixture raised it, with the tallow exerting no effect. The results are discussed in relation to previous work in which these dietary oils have been used, but in which the intake of fatty acids from the control diets did not limit milk production to the extent reported here.

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Trace mineral nutrition for broiler chickens and prospects of application of organically complexed trace minerals: a review

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/ea08204 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 269 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Y. M. Bao ◽

M. Choct

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Tissue Concentration ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Current Status ◽

Trace Mineral ◽

Organic Trace Minerals ◽

Organic Trace

This review critically examines the literature on the current status of trace mineral nutrition and the effect of organically complexed trace minerals, focusing on copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), on broiler chicken production. The requirements of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn by broiler chickens need to be redefined due to today’s fast growing birds and the availability of organic trace minerals. Zn is one of the key trace minerals for chickens and although it maintains a relatively stable tissue concentration, dietary deficiency of Zn strongly depresses the feed intake, and hence the growth, of broiler chickens. Based on studies using a semiconventional diet, it is reasonable to conclude that the total Zn requirement for broiler chickens is around 60 mg/kg up until day 14 and 70 mg/kg from 14 day onwards, including the Zn content in the basal diet. However, it is difficult to determine the requirements of other organic trace minerals such as Cu, Fe and Mn because under a Zn adequate condition, it is impossible to produce deficient symptoms of these minerals on the basis of growth response. It also identifies gaps in knowledge of inorganic and organic trace mineral nutrition for the modern broiler chicken.

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Comparison of regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating ileal and total tract endogenous losses and digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa376 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Li Wang ◽

Junyan Zhou ◽

Tianzeng Gao ◽

Xiaoxiao Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Ileal Digestibility ◽

Inclusion Level

Abstract An experiment was conducted to 1) compare the regression and fat-free diet methods for estimating total or basal endogenous losses of fat (ELF) and fatty acids (ELFA) and true digestibility (TD) or standardized digestibility (SD) of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs and 2) compare these estimated values at the end of the ileum and over the entire intestinal tract. Ten barrows (initial body weight: 45.1 ± 2.8 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum, and allotted to 1 of 5 experimental diets in a 3-period Youden Square design. A fat-free diet was formulated using cornstarch, soy protein isolate and sucrose. Four oil-added diets were formulated by adding 4 levels of soybean oil (2, 4, 6 and 8%) to the fat-free basal diet at the expense of cornstarch. All diets contained 26% sugar beet pulp and 0.40% chromic oxide. Results indicated that here were no differences between true ileal digestibility (TID) of fat and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of fat when pigs were fed soybean oil. The TID of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater than TTTD (P < 0.05). The total ELF at the end of the ileum was not different from that over the entire intestinal tract. In addition, total endogenous losses of C18:0 and total saturated fatty acids were greater for the entire intestinal tract than at the end of the ileum, whereas total endogenous losses of C18:2 and total unsaturated fatty acids were just the opposite. Similar results were observed for basal ELF and ELFA. As inclusion level of soybean oil increased, apparent digestibility of fat and fatty acids increased linearly (P < 0.05) except for apparent ileal digestibility of C18:0. However, SD of fat and fatty acids were not influenced by inclusion level of soybean oil. Estimation of ELF and ELFA observed by the regression and fat-free diet methods did not differ when measured at the end of the ileal or total tract. There were no differences between estimations of TD and SD of fat and fatty acids for soybean oil. Collectively, estimation of TD or SD of fat can be measured over the entire intestinal tract, whereas the ileal analysis method should be used to determine the ELF, ELFA and TD or SD of fatty acids. Correcting apparent digestibility for basal ELF and ELFA can accurately estimate SD values of fat and fatty acids.

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The effect of increasing amounts of dietary red palm oil on milk fat secretion in the cow

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19680071 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 609-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. E. Storry ◽

A. J. Hall ◽

V. W. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Milk Fat ◽

De Novo ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Red Palm Oil ◽

Total Fat

1. The effects, on the secretion in milk of fat and its component fatty acids, of supplementing a basal diet low in fat with red palm oil at three levels are reported.2. The secretion of total fat and of the fatty acids contained in the oil supplement was positively correlated with the dietary intakes, except for linoleic acid which was hydrogenated in the rumen before its absorption and secretion in milk.3. Evidence for the synthesis de novo of palmitic acid and for the possible depression of intramammary de novo synthesis by high levels of dietary fat is discussed.

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Meat Quality In Broiler Chickens Fed On Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata [L.] Walp) Seeds

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1110969/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Georgeta Ciurescu ◽

Lavinia Idriceanu ◽

Anca Gheorghe ◽

Mariana Ropotă ◽

Reta Drăghici

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Profile Analysis ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Protein Source ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Texture Profile ◽

Thigh Muscles

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of a diet containing untreated cowpea (CWP; Aura 26 variety) seeds as a protein source on quality parameters (physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition) of chickens’ breast and thigh muscles. A total of 240 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to two groups (1 fed with soybean meal (SBM) and 2 fed with CWP), 6 replicate pens per group (20 chicks/pen). At 6 weeks of age, twelve birds/group were slaughtered. Breast and thigh muscles of birds fed CWP diets had significantly higher (P < 0.05) levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; C:18:3n-3, C:20:5n-3) compared with birds fed SBM diet. The n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of the muscles decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the CWP group. The study revealed that the use of CWP as a substitute for SBM had significant effects on physicochemical components of breast and thigh muscles. The lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of breast and thigh muscles were higher in the CWP treatment. The collagen and protein contents were higher, while the fat content was decreased (P < 0.05) in the CWP group. The texture profile analysis in breast and thigh muscles were comparable (P > 0.05) in both groups. These results confirm that CWP can be considered a promising protein source for broiler chicken feed.

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