scholarly journals Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Leads to Downregulation of PPAR Transcription in Broiler Chickens and Reduction of Adipocyte Cellularity

PPAR Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suriya Kumari Ramiah ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
Tan Sheau Wei ◽  
Yeap Swee Keong ◽  
Mahdi Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) act as an important ligand for nuclear receptors in adipogenesis and fat deposition in mammals and avian species. This study aimed to determine whether similar effects are plausible on avian abdominal fat adipocyte size, as well as abdominal adipogenic transcriptional level. CLA was supplemented at different levels, namely, (i) basal diet without CLA (5% palm oil) (CON), (ii) basal diet with 2.5% CLA and 2.5% palm oil (LCLA), and (iii) basal diet with 5% CLA (HCLA).The content ofcis-9,trans-11 CLA was between 1.69- and 2.3-fold greater (P<0.05) than that oftrans-10,cis-12 CLA in the abdominal fat of the LCLA and HCLA group. The adipogenic capacity of the abdominal fat depot in LCLA and HCLA fed chicken is associated with a decreased proportion of adipose cells and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The transcriptional level of adipocyte protein (aP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was downregulated by 1.08- to 2.5-fold in CLA supplemented diets, respectively. It was speculated that feeding CLA to broiler chickens reduced adipocyte size and downregulated PPARγand aP2 that control adipocyte cellularity. Elevation of CLA isomers into their adipose tissue provides a potential CLA-rich source for human consumption.

scholarly journals Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardos Hassan ◽  
Elshimaa Roushdy ◽  
Asmaa Kishawy ◽  
Asmaa Zaglool ◽  
Hammed Tukur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Quercetin Attenuates Brain Oxidative Alterations Induced by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3829
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Dora ◽  
Nabil M. Taha ◽  
Mohamed A. Lebda ◽  
Aml E. Hashem ◽  
Mohamed S. Elfeky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Brain

Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) therapy has diverse health benefits but high doses or prolonged therapy might induce oxidative cellular injuries especially in the brain. Therefore, we conducted the current study to investigate the protective role of quercetin supplementation against the oxidative alterations induced in the brains of rats due to IONPs. Forty adult male albino rats were allocated into equal five groups; the control received a normal basal diet, the IONP group was intraperitoneally injected with IONPs of 50 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) and quercetin-treated groups had IONPs + Q25, IONPs + Q50 and IONPs + Q100 that were orally supplanted with quercetin by doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg quercetin/kg B.W. daily, respectively, administrated with the same dose of IONPs for 30 days. IONPs induced significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and significantly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Consequently, IONPs significantly induced severe brain tissue injuries due to the iron deposition leading to oxidative alterations with significant increases in brain creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Furthermore, IONPs induced significant reductions in brain epinephrine, serotonin and melatonin with the downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (mtTFA) mRNA expressions. IONPs induced apoptosis in the brain monitored by increases in caspase 3 and decreases in B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) expression levels. Quercetin supplementation notably defeated brain oxidative damages and in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, quercetin supplementation during IONPs is highly recommended to gain the benefits of IONPs with fewer health hazards.

scholarly journals Abdominal Fat SIRT6 Expression and Its Relationship with Inflammatory and Metabolic Pathways in Pre-Diabetic Overweight Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia D’Onofrio ◽  
Gorizio Pieretti ◽  
Feliciano Ciccarelli ◽  
Antonio Gambardella ◽  
Nicola Passariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Metformin Therapy ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Visceral Abdominal Fat ◽  
Factor Α

: The role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in adipose abdominal tissue of pre-diabetic (pre-DM) patients is poorly known. Here, we evaluated SIRT6 expression in visceral abdominal fat of obese pre-diabetic patients and the potential effects of metformin therapy. Results indicated that obese pre-DM subjects showed low SIRT6 protein expression and high expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1). Obese pre-DM patients showed high values of glucose, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C reactive protein (CRP), nitrotyrosine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), and low values of insulin (p < 0.05). Of note, abdominal fat tissue of obese pre-DM patients treated with metformin therapy presented higher SIRT6 expression and lower NF-κB, PPAR-γ, and SREBP-1 expression levels compared to pre-DM control group. Collectively, results show that SIRT6 is involved in the inflammatory pathway of subcutaneous abdominal fat of obese pre-DM patients and its expression responds to metformin therapy.

PPARγ regulates the function of human dendritic cells primarily by altering lipid metabolism

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 3271-3280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istvan Szatmari ◽  
Daniel Töröcsik ◽  
Maura Agostini ◽  
Tibor Nagy ◽  
Mark Gurnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dominant Negative Mutation ◽  
Human Dendritic Cells

Abstract Activation of the lipid-regulated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) modifies the immunophenotype of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). However it has not been analyzed in a systematic manner how lipid metabolism and immune regulation are connected at the transcriptional level via this receptor. Here we present the genome-wide expression analyses of PPARγ-instructed human DCs. Receptor activation was achieved by exogenous, synthetic as well as endogenous, natural means. More than 1000 transcripts are regulated during DC development by activation of PPARγ; half of the changes are positive effects. These changes appear to enhance and modulate the robust gene expression alterations associated with monocyte to DC transition. Strikingly, only genes related to lipid metabolism are overrepresented among early induced genes. As a net consequence, lipid accumulation appears to be diminished in these cells. In contrast, genes related to immune response are regulated after 24 hours, implying the existence of indirect mechanisms of modulation. Receptor dependence was established by using DCs of patients harboring a dominant-negative mutation of PPARγ. Our data show that PPARγ acts as a mostly positive transcriptional regulator in human developing DCs, acting primarily through controlling genes involved in lipid metabolism and via this, indirectly modifying the immune phenotype.

scholarly journals Changes in adipose tissue physiology during the first two weeks posthatch in chicks from lines selected for low or high body weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. R802-R818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
Miranda E. Gerrard ◽  
Sarah Wieland ◽  
Mary Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Chickens from lines selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight (BW) differ in appetite and adiposity. Mechanisms associated with the predisposition to becoming obese are unclear. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate developmental changes in depot-specific adipose tissue during the first 2 wk posthatch. Subcutaneous (SQ), clavicular (CL), and abdominal (AB) depots were collected at hatch (DOH) and days 4 (D4) and 14 (D14) posthatch for histological and mRNA measurements. LWS chicks had decreased SQ fat mass on a BW basis with reduced adipocyte size from DOH to D4 and increased BW and fat mass with unchanged adipocyte size from D4 to D14. HWS chicks increased in BW from DOH to D14 and increased in fat mass in all three depots with enlarged adipocytes in the AB depot from D4 to D14. Meanwhile, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, neuropeptide Y, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNAs differed among depots between lines at different ages. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids were greater in LWS than HWS at D4 and D14. From DOH to D4, LWS chicks mobilized SQ fat and replenished the reservoir through hyperplasia, whereas HWS chicks were dependent on hyperplasia and hypertrophy to maintain adipocyte size and depot mass. From D4 to D14, adipose tissue catabolism and adipogenesis slowed. Whereas LWS fat depots and adipocyte sizes remained stable, HWS chicks rapidly accumulated fat in CL and AB depots. Chicks predisposed to be anorexic or obese have different fat development patterns during the first 2 wk posthatch.

Dietary trans octadecenoic acids upregulate the liver gene encoding Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in transition dairy cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt T Selberg ◽  
Charles R Staples ◽  
N Dan Luchini ◽  
Lokenga Badinga
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids

Effects of feeding calcium salts of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or trans octadecenoic acids (trans 18[ratio ]1) on lipid metabolism and hepatic contents of mRNA encoding carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were examined in 15 early post-partum Holstein cows. Dietary treatments were initiated at approximately 4 weeks prior to expected calving dates and continued for 7 weeks post partum. Treatments prepartum consisted of 1) a basal diet (Control), 2) basal diet+150 g/d of CLA mix (CLA), or 3) basal diet+150 g/d of trans 18[ratio ]1 mix (TRANS). Intakes of calcium salts of CLA and trans 18[ratio ]1 mixes were adjusted to 225 g/d during the 7-week post-partum treatment period. Blood samples were collected at weeks 1, 2 and 4 post partum and plasma was harvested immediately for subsequent hormone and metabolite assays. Concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and leptin in blood did not vary among cows fed the three diets. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations decreased between weeks 1 and 4 of lactation and were lower in cows fed the diet supplemented with trans 18[ratio ]1 than in those fed a control diet at week 2 post partum. Periparturient fat supplementation had no detectable effects on CPT1 mRNA content in the liver. Steady-state concentration of MTP mRNA in the liver was greater in the TRANS treatment group than in the control group at week 1 post partum. Feeding trans 18[ratio ]1 supplements to transition dairy cows upregulated hepatic PPARα mRNA content during the first month of lactation. Under the present experimental conditions, dietary CLA had minimal effects on plasma and hepatic lipid metabolite concentrations in early lactation Holstein cows. Results indicate that dietary trans fatty acids may affect liver lipid metabolism in post-partum dairy cows through alterations in PPARα gene expression.

scholarly journals Increasing Fat Deposition via Upregulates the Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Native Crossbred Chicken

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supanon Tunim ◽  
Yupin Phasuk ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
Monchai Duangjinda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Pparγ Expression ◽  
Pparγ Gene

Abstract Background: Crossbreeding using exotic breeds is usually employed to improve the growth characteristics of indigenous chickens. This mating not only provides growth but affect adversely to fat deposition as well. We studied the growth, abdominal, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ in adipose and muscle tissues of four chicken breeds [Chee breed (CH) (100% Thai native chicken), Kaimook e-san1 (KM1; 50% CH background), Kaimook e-san2 (KM2; 25% CH background), and broiler (BR)]. This study was aim to study role of PPARs on fat deposition in native crossbred chicken.Results: The BR chickens had higher abdominal fat than other breeds (P<0.05) and the KM2 had an abdominal fat percentage higher than KM1 and CH respectively (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat (IMF) of BR was greater than KM1 and CH (P<0.05). In adipose tissue, PPARα transcription expression was different among the chicken breeds. However, there were breed differences in PPARγ gene expression. Study of abdominal fat PPARγ gene expression showed the BR breed, KM1, and KM2 breed significantly greater (P<0.05) than CH. In 8 to 12 weeks of age, the result shows that the PPARγ expression of the CH breed is less than (P<0.05) KM2. The result of PPARs expression in muscle tissue was similar result in adipose tissue.Conclusion: Crossbreeding improved the growth of the Thai native breed, there was also a corresponding increase in carcass fatness. However, there appears to be a relationship between PPARγ expression and fat deposition traits. therefore, PPARγ activity plays a key role in lipid accumulation by up-regulation.

scholarly journals Effects of Paramylon Extracted from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 on Parameters Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Aoe ◽  
Chiemi Yamanaka ◽  
Kotone Koketsu ◽  
Machiko Nishioka ◽  
Nobuteru Onaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Paramylon (PM), a type of β-glucan, functions like dietary fiber, which has been suggested to exert a protective effect against obesity. We evaluated the potential beneficial effects of PM powder on obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with either 2.5 or 5% PM powder, extracted from Euglena gracilis, for 74 days. Growth parameters, abdominal fat content, serum biochemical markers, hepatic lipid accumulation and hepatic mRNA expression were measured. Dietary supplementation with PM resulted in decreased food efficiency ratios and abdominal fat accumulation. Dose-dependent decreases were observed in postprandial glucose levels, serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and serum secretary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentrations. PM supplementation increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) mRNA expression in the liver which is suggested to induce β-oxidation through activation of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) and fatty acid transport protein 2 (FATP2) mRNA expression. Changes in fatty acid metabolism may improve lipid and glucose metabolism. In conclusion, a preventive effect against obesity was observed in mice given a PM-enriched diet. The mechanism is suggested to involve a reduction in both serum LDL-cholesterol levels and the accumulation of abdominal fat, in addition to an improvement in postprandial glucose concentration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document