Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Paeniclostridium sordellii in Hospital Settings

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of clostridia strains in a hospital environment in Algeria and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility to antibiotics and biocides. (2) Methods: Five hundred surface samples were collected from surfaces in the intensive care unit and surgical wards in the University Hospital of Tlemcen, Algeria. Bacterial identification was carried out using MALDI-TOF-MS, and then the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antimicrobial agents were determined by the E-test method. P. sordellii toxins were searched by enzymatic and PCR assays. Seven products intended for daily disinfection in the hospitals were tested against Clostridium spp. spore collections. (3) Results: Among 100 isolates, 90 P. sordellii were identified, and all strains were devoid of lethal and hemorrhagic toxin genes. Beta-lactam, linezolid, vancomycin, tigecycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol all proved effective against isolated strains. Among all strains tested, the spores of P. sordellii exhibited remarkable resistance to the tested biocides compared to other Clostridium species. The (chlorine-based 0.6%, 30 min), (glutaraldehyde solution 2.5%, 30 min), and (hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid 3%, 15 min) products achieved the required reduction in spores. (4) Conclusions: Our hospital’s current cleaning and disinfection methods need to be optimized to effectively remove spores from caregivers’ hands, equipment, and surfaces.

Download Full-text

Species-Specific Sensitivity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci to Single Antibiotics and Their Combinations

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2011-022 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 155-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

GRAŻYNA SZYMAŃSKA ◽

MAGDALENA SZEMRAJ ◽

ELIGIA M. SZEWCZYK

Keyword(s):

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Staphylococcus Hominis ◽

Species Specific

The activity of beta-lactam antibiotics (oxacillin, cloxacillin, cephalotin), vancomycin, gentamicin and rifampicin applied in vitro individually and in combination against 37 nosocomial methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was assessed to demonstrate the heterogeneity of this group of bacteria and estimate the chance of the efficacy of such therapy. The strains belonged to four species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus hominis. They originated from a hospital environment and from the skin of medical staff of the intensive care unit of a paediatric ward at a university hospital. All strains were methicillin-resistant, according to CLSI standards, but individual strains differed in MIC(ox) values. Susceptibility to other tested antibiotics was also characteristic for the species. The increased susceptibility to antibiotics in combinations, tested by calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index, concerned 26 out of 37 investigated strains and it was a feature of a particular species. Combinations of vancomycin and cephalotin against S. epidermidis and oxacillin with vancomycin were significant, as well as cephalotin and rifampicin in growth inhibition of multiresistant S. haemolyticus strains.

Download Full-text

High-risk clones of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the University Hospital Establishment of Oran, Algeria (2011–2012)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254805 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254805

Author(s):

Assia Zemmour ◽

Radia Dali-Yahia ◽

Makaoui Maatallah ◽

Nadjia Saidi-Ouahrani ◽

Bouabdallah Rahmani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

The University

The purpose of the study was to characterize the resistome, virulome, mobilome and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-associated (CRISPR-Cas) system of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) clinical isolates and to determine their phylogenetic relatedness. The isolates were from Algeria, isolated at the University Hospital Establishment of Oran, between 2011 and 2012. ESBL-KP isolates (n = 193) were screened for several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) using qPCR followed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Representative isolates were selected from PFGE clusters and subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Genomic characterization of the WGS data by studying prophages, CRISPR-Cas systems, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), serotype, ARGs, virulence genes, plasmid replicons, and their pMLST. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic were done using core genome MLST and SNP-Based analysis. Generally, the ESBL-KP isolates were polyclonal. The whole genome sequences of nineteen isolates were taken of main PFGE clusters. Sixteen sequence types (ST) were found including high-risk clones ST14, ST23, ST37, and ST147. Serotypes K1 (n = 1), K2 (n = 2), K3 (n = 1), K31 (n = 1), K62 (n = 1), and K151 (n = 1) are associated with hyper-virulence. CRISPR-Cas system was found in 47.4%, typed I-E and I-E*. About ARGs, from 193 ESBL-KP, the majority of strains were multidrug-resistant, the CTX-M-1 enzyme was predominant (99%) and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes was high with aac(6′)-lb-cr (72.5%) and qnr’s (65.8%). From 19 sequenced isolates we identified ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 19), blaOXA-48 (n = 1), blaCMY-2 (n = 2), and blaCMY-16 (n = 2), as well as non-ESBL genes: qnrB1 (n = 12), qnrS1 (n = 1) and armA (n = 2). We found IncF, IncN, IncL/M, IncA/C2, and Col replicon types, at least once per isolate. This study is the first to report qnrS in ESBL-KP in Algeria. Our analysis shows the concerning co-existence of virulence and resistance genes and would support that genomic surveillance should be a high priority in the hospital environment.

Download Full-text

Hospital and oncological dental care: a series of cases

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-86372019000363610 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

Author(s):

Thuanny Silva de MACÊDO ◽

Maria Cecília Freire de MELO ◽

Aurora Karla de Lacerda VIDAL

Keyword(s):

Dental Care ◽

Disease Process ◽

Neck Region ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Active Member ◽

Oral Manifestations ◽

Multiprofessional Team ◽

Systemic Complications ◽

The University

ABTRACT Hospital dental care is an educational and health care strategy whose purpose is to intervene, in a multidisciplinary way, in the health-disease process of vulnerable individuals, as unsatisfactory oral health is a risk factor for local and systemic infections. Patients in cancer treatment usually present oral manifestations because of the antineoplastic therapies to which they are submitted. Chemotherapy, radiation and cancer surgery, when the latter held in the head and neck region, have the potential to generate side effects in the oral cavity. These oral manifestations can be serious and interfere with the results of medical therapy, leading to important systemic complications, which can increase hospital stay, treatment costs, and affect the quality of life. In view of this reality, the incorporation of the dentist into the multiprofessional team in oncology is essential to guarantee the patient’s integral care in all stages of therapy. This article then proposes to report a series of cases of patients attended at the Dentistry Service of the Oncology Center of the Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital of the University of Pernambuco, that exemplify the dental surgeon performance in a hospital environment, participating as an active member of a multidisciplinary team in oncology.

Download Full-text

Infection control audit of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea at the University Hospital of Wales

British Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.1177/175717740200300606 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 16-18

Author(s):

L Jenkins ◽

D Hilt ◽

J Brazier ◽

I Hosein

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Antibiotic Treatment ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

University Hospital ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Single Room ◽

Hospitalised Patients ◽

The University ◽

Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhoea

Clostridium difficile is identified as the most common cause of diarrhoea among hospitalised patients, and has been implicated in a number of outbreaks with significant morbidity and mortality. It is widely regarded as a hospital-acquired problem, associated with antibiotic use. An audit aimed at reviewing compliance against local Clostridium difficile- associated diarrhoea (CDAD) policy at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff was undertaken from May to July 1999. Despite the difficulty in adhering to national guidelines on single-room isolation, the prevalence of CDAD at our hospital has decreased in recent years. Community acquired CDAD accounted for 15% of our cases, which supports increasing levels of community CDAD (Kalstrom et al 1998). Recent antibiotic treatment was recorded for 82% of the audit cases, with beta-lactam being the most frequently prescribed. Antibiotic treatment for infection other than CDAD was stopped for only 11% of the cases. Where treatment was given for CDAD, clinical staff followed approved guidance.

Download Full-text

Identification and medical importance of coagulase-negative staphylococci species

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31801999000400007 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 175-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elaine Cristina Manini Minto ◽

Cristiane Barelli ◽

Roberto Martinez ◽

Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

University Hospital ◽

Intravenous Catheter ◽

Catheter Colonization ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Medical Importance ◽

The University ◽

Intravenous Catheters

A total of 126 coagulase-negative staphylococci strains (CNS) were isolated from blood samples and from the intravenous catheters and cerebrospinal fluid of 103 patients admitted to the University Hospital of Ribeirão Preto. Staphylococcus epidermidis (68.2%), S. haemolyticus (11.1%) and S. hominis (3.2%) were the most frequent species. The last two CNS showed greater resistance to antimicrobial agents than S. epidermidis. CNS were the agents of infection in 10.7% of the patients and the agents of intravenous catheter colonization in 18.4% of the cases.

Download Full-text

Clinical microbiology laboratories and COVID-19: an interview with Joseph Blondeau

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2021-0113 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Blondeau

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Clinical Microbiology ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Residency Training Program ◽

Associate Professor ◽

University Hospital ◽

Main Research ◽

Doctor Of Philosophy ◽

University Of Manitoba ◽

The University

This interview was conducted by Atiya Henry, Commissioning Editor of Future Microbiology. Joseph M Blondeau, MSc, PhD, RSM(CCM), SM(AAM), SM(ASCP), FCCP is a Clinical Microbiologist and Head of Clinical Microbiology at Royal University Hospital (Saskatoon Health Region) and the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Canada. He is also the Provincial Clinical Lead for Microbiology in Saskatchewan, Canada. He holds a Masters of Sciences in Microbiology from Dalhousie University (1985) and a Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Microbiology from the University of Manitoba (1989). Following completion of his PhD, he completed a 1 and a half year post-doctoral training in an infectious diseases research laboratory at Dalhousie University and following which he completed a 2 year post-doctoral residency training program in Clinical Microbiology, also at Dalhousie University. He holds appointments as a Clinical Associate Professor of Pathology, Adjunct Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Clinical Associate Professor of Ophthalmology. He teaches to undergraduate and graduate students in the areas of microbiology, infectious diseases, antimicrobial agents and pharmacology. Dr Blondeau’s main research interests are in the area of antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial resistance, clinical microbiology and clinical outcomes associated with antimicrobial therapy in both human and veterinary medicine.

Download Full-text

Management of the risk of bronchoaspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-021620182045818 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 532-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Layanne Ferreira dos Santos Carmo ◽

Fabíola Andrea Andrade dos Santos ◽

Simonize Cunha Barreto de Mendonça ◽

Brenda Carla Lima Araújo

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Clinical Evaluation ◽

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Medical Clinic ◽

Hospital Bed ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

The University

ABSTRACT Objective: to manage the risk of bronchoaspiration in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia through signalizing plates in the hospital bed. Methods: a descriptive, quantitative study, developed in the medical clinic I (diagnostic investigation), medical clinic II (infectology / pneumology), surgical clinics and intensive care unit of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sergipe, from February to August 2017. It was composed of patients in the age group ≥ 18 years of age, of both sexes, diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia, based on the application of the adapted protocol of clinical evaluation in the hospital bed and instrumental examination of swallowing, when pertinent. Following the clinical evaluation and identification of the risk of bronchoaspiration due to oropharyngeal dysphagia, the signs were inserted at the hospital bed by the speech therapist. Results: the study included 43 patients at risk of bronchoaspiration due to oropharyngeal dysphagia, average age of 53.7 ± 3.53 years old, with 51.1% (n = 22) females and 48.9% (n = 21) males. A predominance of neuropathies (53.4%) and severe neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia (37.2%) was observed. The intensive care unit stood out with 44.18% (n = 19) of the application of signs of risk of bronchoaspiration. Conclusion: the management of bronchoaspiration risk has been shown to be a promising measure to reduce adverse events, which affect the patient's safety and consequently the quality of care in the hospital environment, as well as a possible strategy for measuring respiratory complications triggered by aspiration of oropharyngeal contents.

Download Full-text

A Decade of Antimicrobial Susceptibilities at the University of Kentucky Hospital

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1a249 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 596-604 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert P Rapp ◽

Julie A Ribes ◽

Sue B Overman ◽

Theodore E Darkow ◽

Martin E Evans

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Medical Center ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

University Hospital ◽

Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽

University Of Kentucky ◽

Use Patterns ◽

The University

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility rates for key antimicrobial agents and selective bacterial pathogens in the decade of the 1990s. METHODS: Data from 1990 to 2000 from the University of Kentucky Clinical Microbiology Laboratory were analyzed by linear regression analysis to identify agents and pathogens that show a decline in susceptibility. For selected pathogens and antimicrobial agents, predictions were made for further declines in susceptibility for 2005 and 2010. RESULTS: Significant declines in susceptibility to selected antimicrobial agents were found for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Further declines were predicted for 2005 and 2010. CONCLUSIONS: Examination of susceptibility rates over time in a university hospital medical center provides useful data for future planning. In our institution, antimicrobial susceptibility rates have significantly declined during the 1990s for certain antimicrobial agents and bacterial pathogens. We are attempting to change our antimicrobial use patterns through formulary manipulation and clinician education, which may retard or prevent such declines in the future.

Download Full-text

Exposição das Equipes de Enfermagem aos Riscos Ocupacionais Causados por Resíduos Biológicos no Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, Brasil

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2020v24n3p264-267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 264-267

Author(s):

Helone Eloísa Frazão Guimarães Faray ◽

Everton Ferreira Lemos ◽

Rosemary Matias ◽

Arlindo Faray Vieira ◽

Eduardo de Castro Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Nursing Assistants ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Occupational Accidents ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Work Activities ◽

Occupational Risks ◽

The University ◽

Nursing Professionals

As atividades de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem estão sujeitas a riscos e situações geradoras de desgaste do profissional, contribuindo para ocorrência de doenças e contaminação do ambiente. Objetivou-se analisar os riscos ocupacionais relacionados aos resíduos biológicos hospitalares presentes no cotidiano das equipes de enfermagem dos diferentes setores hospitalares do cuidado à criança, associado ao tempo de serviço. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada com abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo exploratório, transversal, realizada no Hospital Universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, onde a equipe de enfermagem é composta por enfermeiros, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem. Foi aplicado questionários a 98 profissionais de enfermagem que compõem a unidade de saúde da criança do hospital universitário em São Luís do Maranhão, no ano de 2018. Em relação aos acidentes de trabalho sofridos pelos profissionais que possuem menos de cinco anos de serviço, a categoria enfermeiro apresentou maior percentual (31,6%), seguido pelo técnico de enfermagem (21,6%). A maioria dos trabalhadores (75,6%) que relataram ter recebido treinamento em serviço não se acidentaram. Medidas preventivas e estratégias de educação em saúde devem ser assimiladas entre profissionais de enfermagem, sobre o manejo adequado de resíduos e incentivar a implementação de precauções para minimizar a ocorrência de agravos que comprometem a saúde e atividades laborais desenvolvidas no seu ambiente, bem como orientações sobre as consequências dos acidentes de trabalho. Palavras-chave: Acidentes de Trabalho. Enfermagem. Ambiente Hospitalar. Abstract The work activities of nursing professionals are subject to risks and situations that generate professional wear, contributing to the occurrence of diseases and the environment contamination. The objective was to analyze the occupational risks related to hospital biological waste present in the daily lives of nursing teams from different childcare sectors hospital. It is a research of an applied nature with a quantitative approach of an exploratory, cross-sectional descriptive character, carried out at the University Hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, where the nursing team is composed of nurses, technicians and nursing assistants. Questionnaires were applied to 98 nursing professionals who made up the child health unit of the university hospital in São Luís do Maranhão, in the year 2018. Regarding occupational accidents suffered by professionals who have less than five years of service, the category of nurse presented a higher percentage (31.6%) followed by a nursing technician (21.6%). Most workers (75.6%) who reported having received on-the-job training did not have an accident. Preventive measures and health education strategies must be assimilated among nursing professionals, regarding the adequate waste management and encourage the precautions implementation to minimize the occurrence of injuries that compromise health and work activities carried out in their environment, as well as guidance on the consequences of accidents at work. Keywords: Accidents at Work. Nursing. Hospital Environment.

Download Full-text

Salmonella serotypes, Salmonella typhi phage types, and anti-microbial resistance at the University Hospital of the West Indies, Jamaica

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400052797 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 5-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. L. French ◽

S. D. King ◽

P. St Louis

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Typhi ◽

University Hospital ◽

Hospital Environment ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Hospital Acquired Infection ◽

Phage Types ◽

Striking Change ◽

Paratyphoid Fever ◽

The University ◽

Hospital Acquired

SUMMARYBacteriologically proved cases of salmonellosis presenting at the University Hospital have increased nearly threefold since 1957. The most striking change has been a considerable increase in the incidence of Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella derby in the last 5 years, probably resulting from hospital acquired infection.About 80 cases of typhoid fever are reported each year in Jamaica. There has been little change in the prevalence of different phage types of Salmonella typhi since 1961. Paratyphoid fever is rare.Standardized antimicrobial disk-sensitivity testing was performed on selected surviving salmonella strains since 1964. S. typhi has remained fully sensitive to all the agents tested except streptomycin. Other salmonellas, however have shown a significant increase in antimicrobial resistance since 1970. Most of this increase was due to multiple resistance in S. heidelberg and S. derby, and the survival and dissemination of these strains in the hospital environment may be related to antibiotic usage.

Download Full-text