scholarly journals The Revaluation of Plant-Derived Terpenes to Fight Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Cappiello ◽  
Maria Rosa Loffredo ◽  
Cristina Del Plato ◽  
Silvia Cammarone ◽  
Bruno Casciaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Unique Source

The discovery of antibiotics has revolutionized the medicine and treatment of microbial infections. However, the current scenario has highlighted the difficulties in marketing new antibiotics and an exponential increase in the appearance of resistant strains. On the other hand, research in the field of drug-discovery has revaluated the potential of natural products as a unique source for new biologically active molecules and scaffolds for the medicinal chemistry. In this review, we first contextualized the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance and the importance that natural products of plant origin acquire as a source of new lead compounds. We then focused on terpenes and their potential development as antimicrobials, highlighting those studies that showed an activity against conventional antibiotic-resistant strains.

Privileged Structures in the Design of Potential Drug Candidates for Neglected Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 4323-4354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Lima Leite ◽  
José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola ◽  
Marcos Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Privileged Structures

Background: Privileged motifs are recurring in a wide range of biologically active compounds that reach different pharmaceutical targets and pathways and could represent a suitable start point to access potential candidates in the neglected diseases field. The current therapies to treat these diseases are based in drugs that lack of the desired effectiveness, affordable methods of synthesis and allow a way to emergence of resistant strains. Due the lack of financial return, only few pharmaceutical companies have been investing in research for new therapeutics for neglected diseases (ND). Methods: Based on the literature search from 2002 to 2016, we discuss how six privileged motifs, focusing phthalimide, isatin, indole, thiosemicarbazone, thiazole, and thiazolidinone are particularly recurrent in compounds active against some of neglected diseases. Results: It was observed that attention was paid particularly for Chagas disease, malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, dengue, African sleeping sickness (Human African Trypanosomiasis - HAT) and toxoplasmosis. It was possible to verify that, among the ND, antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities were between the most searched. Besides, thiosemicarbazone moiety seems to be the most versatile and frequently explored scaffold. As well, phthalimide, isatin, thiazole, and thiazolidone nucleus have been also explored in the ND field. Conclusion: Some described compounds, appear to be promising drug candidates, while others could represent a valuable inspiration in the research for new lead compounds.

scholarly journals Thinking Outside the Bug: Molecular Targets and Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Monserrat-Martinez ◽  
Yann Gambin ◽  
Emma Sierecki
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery

Since their discovery in the early 20th century, antibiotics have been used as the primary weapon against bacterial infections. Due to their prophylactic effect, they are also used as part of the cocktail of drugs given to treat complex diseases such as cancer or during surgery, in order to prevent infection. This has resulted in a decrease of mortality from infectious diseases and an increase in life expectancy in the last 100 years. However, as a consequence of administering antibiotics broadly to the population and sometimes misusing them, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have appeared. The emergence of resistant strains is a global health threat to humanity. Highly-resistant bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) or Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) have led to complications in intensive care units, increasing medical costs and putting patient lives at risk. The appearance of these resistant strains together with the difficulty in finding new antimicrobials has alarmed the scientific community. Most of the strategies currently employed to develop new antibiotics point towards novel approaches for drug design based on prodrugs or rational design of new molecules. However, targeting crucial bacterial processes by these means will keep creating evolutionary pressure towards drug resistance. In this review, we discuss antibiotic resistance and new options for antibiotic discovery, focusing in particular on new alternatives aiming to disarm the bacteria or empower the host to avoid disease onset.

Something old, something new: revisiting natural products in antibiotic drug discovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard D. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Drug ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibiotic Discovery ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
New Strategies

Antibiotic discovery is in crisis. Despite a growing need for new drugs resulting from the increasing number of multi-antibiotic-resistant pathogens, there have been only a handful of new antibiotics approved for clinical use in the past 2 decades. Faced with scientific, economic, and regulatory challenges, the pharmaceutical sector seems unable to respond to what has been called an “apocalyptic” threat. Natural products produced by bacteria and fungi are genetically encoded products of natural selection that have been the mainstay sources of the antibiotics in current clinical use. The pharmaceutical industry has largely abandoned these compounds in favor of large libraries of synthetic molecules because of difficulties in identifying new natural product antibiotics scaffolds. Advances in next-generation genome sequencing, bioinformatics, and analytical chemistry are combining to overcome barriers to natural products. Coupled with new strategies in antibiotic discovery, including inhibition of resistance, novel drug combinations, and new targets, natural products are poised for a renaissance to address what is a pressing health care crisis.

scholarly journals Management of Infections Due to Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Common Infection

SUMMARY Antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are becoming more prevalent throughout the world; this has resulted in modifications of treatment approaches. Management of bacterial meningitis has the greatest consensus. Strategies for treating other systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and musculoskeletal infections are evolving, in part related to the availability of new antibiotics which are active in vitro against isolates resistant to penicillin and the extended-spectrum cephalosporins. However, there are currently very limited data related to the clinical efficacy of these new agents. The studies upon which current recommendations are based are reviewed. Otitis media represents the single most common infection due to S. pneumoniae. Recommendations for treatment of acute otitis media due to drug-resistant strains and the rationale for these recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Future Prospects for Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treatment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Suay-García ◽  
María Teresa Pérez-Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Priority List ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease with a high morbidity burden. Incidence of this disease is rising due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Neisseria gonorrhoeae has shown an extraordinary ability to develop resistance to all antimicrobials introduced for its treatment. In fact, it was recently classified as a “Priority 2” microorganism in the WHO Global Priority List of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery and Development of New Antibiotics. Seeing as there is no gonococcal vaccine, control of the disease relies entirely on prevention, diagnosis and, especially, antibiotic treatment. Different health organizations worldwide have established treatment guidelines against gonorrhea, mostly consisting in dual therapy with a single oral or intramuscular dose. However, gonococci continue to develop resistances to all antibiotics introduced for treatment. In fact, the first strain of super-resistant N. gonorrhoeae was recently detected in the United Kingdom, which was resistant to ceftriaxone and azithromycin. This increasing detection of resistant gonococcal strains may lead to a situation where gonorrhea becomes untreatable. Seeing as drug resistance appears to be unstoppable, new treatment options are necessary in order to control the disease. Three approaches are currently being followed for the development of new therapies against drug-resistant gonococci: (1) novel combinations of already existing antibiotics, (2) development of new antibiotics and (3) development of alternative therapies which might slow down the appearance of resistances. N. gonorrhoeae is a public health threat due to the increasing number of antibiotic-resistant strains. Current treatment guidelines are already being challenged by this Superbug. This has lead the scientific community to develop new antibiotics and alternative therapies in order to control this disease.

scholarly journals Green Nanoparticles Synthesized From Endophytic Fungi (Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides) Break Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic E. Coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Juvad N ◽  
Ranjani S ◽  
S Hemalatha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties

Abstract Green Nanotechnology synthesizes nanoparticles from a myriad of perspectives or sources including plants and microscopic structures as well as biologically active compounds. Endophytic fungi are organisms that really can mimic and produce secondary metabolites similar to their hosts. In this study, we focus on the Endophytic fungal mediated silver nanoparticles (CgAgNPs) synthesized by using aqueous extract of endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and SEM. To assess the efficacy of CgAgNPs, antimicrobial assays were performed against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and antibiotic resistant pathogenic clinical strains of E. coli. In order to find the interaction ability of fungal metabolites with CTX-M-15 and AmpC gene products In silico inspections were done through Molecular docking. Lipinski screening and ADMET analysis were performed for fungal metabolites to screen the lead compounds and drug ability to analyze the pharmacokinetic properties.

scholarly journals Uçucu Yağların Staphylococcus aureus Üzerine Etkisi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Ozdikmenli ◽  
Nukhet Nilüfer Zorba
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
Resistant Strains

Diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus are widespread through the world in spite of developing technology. S. aureus is an important pathogen causing food intoxications besides hospital infections by its antibiotic resistant strains. Nowadays, there has been worldwide increasing concern on usage of natural products to control microorganisms. One of these natural products is essential oils. They are produced from plants especially from spices and composed of many components and volatiles. This review summarizes informative literature on essential oils and their mode of antimicrobial action. In addition, current knowledge on in vitro researches on antibacterial activity of essential oils and food applications to control S. aureus has been discussed.

scholarly journals An Update on Clinical Burden, Diagnostic Tools, and Therapeutic Options of Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117991611770399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash Narayana Reddy ◽  
Krupanidhi Srirama ◽  
Vijaya R Dirisala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Burden ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Resistant Strains

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen responsible for a variety of diseases ranging from mild skin and soft tissue infections, food poisoning to highly serious diseases such as osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and toxic shock syndrome. Proper diagnosis of pathogen and virulence factors is important for providing timely intervention in the therapy. Owing to the invasive nature of infections and the limited treatment options due to rampant spread of antibiotic-resistant strains, the trend for development of vaccines and antibody therapy is increasing at rapid rate than development of new antibiotics. In this article, we have discussed elaborately about the host-pathogen interactions, clinical burden due to S aureus infections, status of diagnostic tools, and treatment options in terms of prophylaxis and therapy.

Chemical Ecology in Insect-microbe Interactions in the Neotropics

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Menegatti ◽  
Taise T. H. Fukuda ◽  
Mônica T. Pupo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Chemical Ecology ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Insect Biodiversity ◽  
Biodiversity Preservation ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Microbe Interactions

AbstractSmall molecules frequently mediate symbiotic interactions between microorganisms and their hosts. Brazil harbors the highest diversity of insects in the world; however, just recently, efforts have been directed to deciphering the chemical signals involved in the symbioses of microorganisms and social insects. The current scenario of natural products research guided by chemical ecology is discussed in this review. Two groups of social insects have been prioritized in the studies, fungus-farming ants and stingless bees, leading to the identification of natural products involved in defensive and nutritional symbioses. Some of the compounds also present potential pharmaceutical applications as antimicrobials, and this is likely related to their ecological roles. Microbial symbioses in termites and wasps are suggested promising sources of biologically active small molecules. Aspects related to public policies for insect biodiversity preservation are also highlighted.

Characterizing the structure–function relationship reveals the mode of action of a novel antimicrobial peptide, P1, from jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Sheng Tseng ◽  
Keng-Chang Tsai ◽  
Chinpan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Structure Function Relationship ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Function Relationship

Microbial infections of antibiotic-resistant strains cause serious diseases and have a significant impact on public health worldwide, so novel antimicrobial drugs are urgently needed.

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