scholarly journals A Single Dose of Marine Chlorella vulgaris Increases Plasma Concentrations of Lutein, β-Carotene and Zeaxanthin in Healthy Male Volunteers

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1164
Author(s):  
Ana Teresa Serra ◽  
Sandra D. Silva ◽  
Luís Pleno de Gouveia ◽  
Agostinho M. R. C. Alexandre ◽  
Carolina V. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

The beneficial health effects of Chlorella vulgaris have been associated with the presence of several nutrients and antioxidants, including carotenoids. However, the in vivo bioavailability of Chlorella is still poorly evaluated. In this work, a human intervention study was conducted in 11 healthy men to evaluate the bioavailability of carotenoids within 3 days after the intake of a single dose (6 g) of dried marine Chlorella vulgaris containing lutein (7.08 mg), β-carotene (1.88 mg) and zeaxanthin (1.47 mg). Subjects were instructed to follow a low carotenoid diet during the experimental phase, starting 1 week earlier. On the day of the experiment, dried microalgae formulated in vegetarian hard capsules were ingested, and blood samples were collected up to 72 h for the analysis of plasma carotenoids concentration by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. For all carotenoids, the estimated AUC and Cmax values were significantly different from zero (p < 0.05), indicating that a single dose of marine Chlorella vulgaris increased plasma concentrations of lutein (Cmin-corrected AUC = 1002 µg·h/L, Cmax = 20.4 µg/L), β-carotene (AUC = 1302 µg·h/L, Cmax = 34.9 µg/L) and zeaxanthin (AUC = 122.2 µg·h/L, Cmax = 3.4 µg/L). The bioavailability of other compounds, namely, polyunsaturated fatty acids and trace elements, was also assessed post-prandial for the first time, showing that linoleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and iodine were absorbed after microalgae intake. These findings support the use of Chlorella vulgaris as a source of carotenoids, PUFA and essential trace elements with associated health benefits.

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered terbinafine in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and the antifungal susceptibility patterns of Nannizziopsis guarroi

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael S. McEntire ◽  
Jennifer M. Reinhart ◽  
Sherry K. Cox ◽  
Krista A. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Oral Solution ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the antifungal susceptibility of Nanniziopsis guarroi isolates and to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics of orally administered terbinafine in bearded dragons. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult bearded dragons. PROCEDURES 4 isolates of N guarroi were tested for antifungal susceptibility. A compounded oral solution of terbinafine (25 mg/mL [20 mg/kg]) was given before blood (0.2 mL) was drawn from the ventral tail vein at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration. Plasma terbinafine concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS The antifungal minimum inhibitory concentrations against N guarroi isolates ranged from 4,000 to > 64,000 ng/mL for fluconazole, 125 to 2,000 ng/mL for itraconazole, 125 to 2,000 ng/mL for ketoconazole, 125 to 1,000 ng/mL for posaconazole, 60 to 250 ng/mL for voriconazole, and 15 to 30 ng/mL for terbinafine. The mean ± SD peak plasma terbinafine concentration in bearded dragons was 435 ± 338 ng/mL at 13 ± 4.66 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations remained > 30 ng/mL for > 24 hours in all bearded dragons and for > 48 hours in 6 of 8 bearded dragons. Mean ± SD terminal half-life following oral administration was 21.2 ± 12.40 hours. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Antifungal susceptibility data are available for use in clinical decision making. Results indicated that administration of terbinafine (20 mg/kg, PO, q 24 to 48 h) in bearded dragons may be appropriate for the treatment of dermatomycoses caused by N guarroi. Clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of such treatment.

scholarly journals Influence of Ligand Functionalization of UiO-66-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks When Used as Sorbents in Dispersive Solid-Phase Analytical Microextraction for Different Aqueous Organic Pollutants

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván Taima-Mancera ◽  
Priscilla Rocío-Bautista ◽  
Jorge Pasán ◽  
Juan Ayala ◽  
Catalina Ruiz-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Aqueous Sample ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
First Time

Four metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), specifically UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-66-NO2, and MIL-53(Al), were synthesized, characterized, and used as sorbents in a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-µSPE) method for the determination of nine pollutants of different nature, including drugs, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and personal care products in environmental waters. The D-µSPE method, using these MOFs as sorbents and in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and diode-array detection (DAD), was optimized. The optimization study pointed out to UiO-66-NO2 as the best MOF to use in the multi-component determination. Furthermore, the utilization of isoreticular MOFs based on UiO-66 with the same topology but different functional groups, and MIL-53(Al) to compare with, allowed us for the first time to evaluate the influence of such functionalization of the ligand with regards to the efficiency of the D-µSPE-HPLC-DAD method. Optimum conditions included: 20 mg of UiO-66-NO2 MOF in 20 mL of the aqueous sample, 3 min of agitation by vortex and 5 min of centrifugation, followed by the use of only 500 µL of acetonitrile as desorption solvent (once the MOF containing analytes was separated), 5 min of vortex and 5 min of centrifugation. The validation of the D-µSPE-HPLC-DAD method showed limits of detection down to 1.5 ng·L−1, average relative recoveries of 107% for a spiked level of 1.50 µg·L−1, and inter-day precision values with relative standard deviations lower than 14%, for the group of pollutants considered.

scholarly journals Analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine in human plasma by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method that avoids nitration artifacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 345 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. FROST ◽  
Barry HALLIWELL ◽  
Kevin P. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
First Time

Measurement of nitrotyrosine in biological fluids and tissues is increasingly being used to monitor the production of reactive nitrogen species in vivo. The detection of nitrotyrosine in vivo has been reported with the use of a variety of methods including immunoassay, HPLC and GLC/MS. The validity of HPLC and immunoassays have been questioned with regard to their selectivity and sensitivity limits. In principle, the measurement of nitrotyrosine by GLC/MS permits a highly specific, highly sensitive and fully quantitative assay. The nitration of tyrosine under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite is well documented. Derivatization for the full quantification of nitrotyrosine by using GLC/MS can lead to the artifactual nitration of tyrosine if performed under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite. We describe a novel alkaline method for the hydrolysis and derivatization of nitrotyrosine and tyrosine, and demonstrate its applicability to the measurement of plasma concentrations of both free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine. A detection limit of 1 pg for nitrotyrosine and 100 pg for tyrosine has been achieved. Our method allows, for the first time, the analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine in biological samples. The plasma concentrations (means±S.E.M.) of free tyrosine and nitrotyrosine in eight normal subjects were 12±0.6 μg/ml and 14±0.7 ng/ml respectively. Plasma proteins contained tyrosine and nitrotyrosine at 60.7±1.7 μg/mg and 2.7±0.4 ng/mg respectively.

Characterization by HPLC of p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Biotransformation to Gastrodin In Vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110350
Author(s):  
Lijun Cheng ◽  
Yang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

Gastrodin (GAS) and its aglycone, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), are both bioactive compounds extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB). In the current Chinese pharmacopoeia, they are regarded as quality control markers for GEB. In this study, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with a diode array detector to quantify GAS and HBA concentrations in plasma following oral ingestion by rats. For the first time, GAS was detected in vivo after HBA administration. GAS and HBA both had similar pharmacological effects, but the influence of the glucose moiety resulted in different pharmacokinetic characteristics. In this study, the effects of GAS and HBA at different administration durations were investigated in zebrafish larvae. These compounds were found to induce a sedative effect but had different onset times. In conclusion, a biotransformation of HBA to GAS could be observed in the rats. This may be a new insight into the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these bioactive compounds and also relates to the different ways in which they take effect.

scholarly journals N-Acetylcysteine as Modulator of the Essential Trace Elements Copper and Zinc

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Theresa Wolfram ◽  
Maria Schwarz ◽  
Michaela Reuß ◽  
Kristina Lossow ◽  
Mario Ost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Nrf2 Activation ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Cu And Zn

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a frequently prescribed drug and known for its metal chelating capability. However, to date it is not well characterized whether NAC intake affects the homeostasis of essential trace elements. As a precursor of glutathione (GSH), NAC also has the potential to modulate the cellular redox homeostasis. Thus, we aimed to analyze effects of acute and chronic NAC treatment on the homeostasis of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) and on the activity of the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2. Cells were exposed to 1 mM NAC and were co-treated with 50 μM Cu or Zn. We showed that NAC treatment reduced the cellular concentration of Zn and Cu. In addition, NAC inhibited the Zn-induced Nrf2 activation and limited the concomitant upregulation of cellular GSH concentrations. In contrast, mice chronically received NAC via drinking water (1 g NAC/100 mL). Cu and Zn concentrations were decreased in liver and spleen. In the duodenum, NQO1, TXNRD, and SOD activities were upregulated by NAC. All of them can be induced by Nrf2, thus indicating a putative Nrf2 activation. Overall, NAC modulates the homeostasis of Cu and Zn both in vitro and in vivo and accordingly affects the cellular redox balance.

scholarly journals Simultaneous determination of retinol, retinyl palmitate and β-carotene in rat serum treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and Hypericum Perforatum L. by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Levent ◽  
Suat Ekin ◽  
Gökhan Oto
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum L ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractA new and simple high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of retinol, retinyl palmitate and β-carotene in rat serum treated with Hypericum Perforatum L. and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Furthermore, vitamin C was determined spectrophotometrically. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis was performed utilizing an Inertsil ODS3 reversed phase column with methanol-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (65:30:5, v/v/v) as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 and 40°C. Diode-array detection was conducted at 325 and 450 nm for retinol and retinyl palmitate, and β-carotene, respectively with a running time of 26 min. The high-performance liquid chromatography assay and extraction procedure proposed are simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate. This method was then applied to determine the amounts of retinol, retinyl palmitate and β-carotene in rat serum. Results of this study demonstrated that at 60th day in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-treated group there was a significant decrease (pa] anthracene + Hypericum Perforatum L. treated group compared to the control group..

scholarly journals Opposite Effects of Single-Dose and Multidose Administration of the Ethanol Extract of Danshen on CYP3A in Healthy Volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Qiu ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Yueming Ma ◽  
Guangji Wang ◽  
Chenglu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single- and multidose administration of the ethanol extract of danshen on in vivo CYP3A activity in healthy volunteers. A sequential, open-label, and three-period pharmacokinetic interaction study design was used based on 12 healthy male individuals. The plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolite 1-hydroxymidazolam were measured. Treatment with single dose of the extract caused the meanCmaxof midazolam to increase by 87% compared with control. After 10 days of the danshen extract intake, the mean AUC0–12,Cmax, andt1/2of midazolam were decreased by 79.9%, 66.6%, and 43.8%, respectively. The mean clearance of midazolam was increased by 501.6% compared with control. The in vitro study showed that dihydrotanshinone I in the extract could inhibit CYP3A, while tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone could induce CYP3A. In conclusion, a single-dose administration of the danshen extract can inhibit intestinal CYP3A, but multidose administration can induce intestinal and hepatic CYP3A.

scholarly journals Absorption of red clover isoflavones in human subjects: results from a pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1569-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Maul ◽  
Sabine E. Kulling
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Bioavailability ◽  
Present Pilot Study

In addition to soya-derived preparations, red clover-based dietary supplements have gained considerable interest as an alternative isoflavone (IF) source. While metabolism and bioavailability of the main IF from both sources have already been investigated, studies are still lacking on the biokinetic behaviour of IF, which are present in red clover in minor amounts. In the present pilot study, in which seven volunteers ingested a single dose of a commercial red clover dietary supplement, we focused on the absorption of three such IF, irilone (IRI), prunetin (PRUN) and pseudobaptigenin (PBAP). The compounds were measured as aglycones after enzymatic hydrolysis. A single intake of an amount of as low as 3·8 mg IRI (out of 38·8 mg IF in total) resulted in an IRI plasma concentration of 0·35 (sd 0·16) μm at 6.5 h post-ingestion. Compared to the plasma concentrations found for daidzein (0·39 μm) and genistein (0·06 μm), expected to be the main IF metabolites in plasma, the present findings indicate that IRI might possess a relatively high bioavailability. Furthermore, PRUN and PBAP were detected in human plasma for the first time.

scholarly journals Development of HPLC Fingerprint for Quality Assessment of Bulbus Lilii

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801
Author(s):  
Kunming Qin ◽  
Hao Cai ◽  
Lijuan Zheng ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Xinghai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Storage

In this study, a simple, sensitive and reliable fingerprint analysis method by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for quality analysis of Bulbus Lilii, which is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and widely used as a restorative food. Then the developed method was subsequently applied to analyse 16 samples collected or purchased from different origins. Twelve common fingerprint peaks, including four definitely identified peaks, were found in total, and were involved for further characterisation and quality evaluation of Bulbus Lilii. The chemical quality of commercial samples collected from different origins varied obviously, indicating that more attention should be paid to the standardisation of the process of harvesting, manufacturing and storage of Bulbus Lilii. This is the first time that a new method has been established to control the quality of Bulbus Lilii through HPLC-DAD.

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