scholarly journals Resveratrol Anti-Obesity Effects: Rapid Inhibition of Adipocyte Glucose Utilization

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Carpéné ◽  
Francisco Les ◽  
Guillermo Cásedas ◽  
Cécile Peiro ◽  
Jessica Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Amine Oxidases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Animal Models Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Studies in animal models of diabetes and obesity have shown that resveratrol mitigates complications of metabolic diseases, beyond those resulting from oxidative stress. Furthermore, results obtained with cultured preadipocytes have also revealed that prolonged resveratrol treatment impairs adipogenesis. Considering the role of adipocytes in the hypertrophy of fat stores, and keeping in mind that insulin is the main trigger of excessive energy storage during post-prandial periods, the present study aimed to investigate how short-term effects of resveratrol can limit glucose disposal in a gut-adipose tissue axis. We found that resveratrol exhibits a more potent inhibitory capacity towards α-glucosidase than pancreatic lipase activity. Resveratrol also rapidly blunts glucose transport in mature fat cells by counteracting the effect of insulin and insulin-like lipogenic agents. Within two hours, resveratrol also inhibited the incorporation of glucose into lipids of adipocytes, which was unaffected by membrane cholesterol depletion. Moreover, the comparison between adipocytes with invalidated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and their control, or between resveratrol and several inhibitors, did not indicate that the recently described interaction of resveratrol with amine oxidases was involved in its antilipogenic effect. Caffeine and piceatannol, previously said to interact with glucose carriers, also inhibit lipogenesis in adipocytes, whereas other antioxidant phytochemicals do not reproduce such an antilipogenic effect. This study highlights the diverse first steps by which resveratrol impairs excessive fat accumulation, indicating that this natural molecule and its derivatives deserve further studies to develop their potential anti-obesity properties.

scholarly journals Role of Pterostilbene in Metabolic Diseases through SIRT1 pathway- A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2581-2586
Author(s):  
Rashmi Patil ◽  
Urmila Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Sirt1 Activator

Pterostilbene (PTE) (3-5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-stilbenes) is an analogue of resveratrol. It is extracted and isolated from a natural source of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., red grape skin, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Substantial evidence suggested that PTE displayed numerous preventive and therapeutic properties in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Metabolic diseases result in Insulin resistance (IR) which advances to impaired sensitivity to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The prominent role of SIRT (silent information regulator proteins) is now getting emphasized in metabolic disorders. SIRT1 represses Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expressions which are further responsible for improving synthesis of ATP from glucose. This results in improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion, thus preventing IR. SIRT1 also exhibits prominent role in facilitating fatty acid mobilization thereby inhibiting adiposity. Metabolic disorders are therefore the consequences of SIRT1 downregulation. Pterostilbene, being a SIRT1 activator, increases insulin sensitivity reduces adiposity, therefore can prove to be beneficial in diabetes as well as obesity. The review summarizes therapeutic effects portrayed by Pterostilbene via the SIRT1 pathway in metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Renal Na+-K+-Cl− cotransporter activity and vasopressin-induced trafficking are lipid raft-dependent

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. F789-F802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Welker ◽  
Alexandra Böhlick ◽  
Kerim Mutig ◽  
Michele Salanova ◽  
Thomas Kahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Oocytes ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nacl Transport ◽  
Triton X

Apical bumetanide-sensitive Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2), the kidney-specific member of a cation-chloride cotransporter superfamily, is an integral membrane protein responsible for the transepithelial reabsorption of NaCl. The role of NKCC2 is essential for renal volume regulation. Vasopressin (AVP) controls NKCC2 surface expression in cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TAL). We found that 40–70% of Triton X-100-insoluble NKCC2 was present in cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts (LR) in rat kidney and cultured TAL cells. The related Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC) from rat kidney was distributed in LR as well. NKCC2-containing LR were detected both intracellularly and in the plasma membrane. Bumetanide-sensitive transport of NKCC2 as analyzed by 86Rb+ influx in Xenopus laevis oocytes was markedly reduced by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD)-induced cholesterol depletion. In TAL, short-term AVP application induced apical vesicular trafficking along with a shift of NKCC2 from non-raft to LR fractions. In parallel, increased colocalization of NKCC2 with the LR ganglioside GM1 and their polar translocation were assessed by confocal analysis. Apical biotinylation showed twofold increases in NKCC2 surface expression. These effects were blunted by mevalonate-lovastatin/MβCD-induced cholesterol deprivation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that a pool of NKCC2 distributes in rafts. Results are consistent with a model in which LR mediate polar insertion, activity, and AVP-induced trafficking of NKCC2 in the control of transepithelial NaCl transport.

scholarly journals The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Shuai Wei ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.

Melatonin and its relationships with diabetes and obesity: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valéria Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho ◽  
Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá ◽  
Alberto Krayyem Arbex
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
World Ranking

Significance: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many risks to public health, affecting 39.6% of American adults and 18.5% of young people. Brazil ranks fifth in the world ranking, with about 18 million obese people. It is estimated that 415 million people live with diabetes in the world, which is roughly 1 in 11 of the world's adult population. This is expected to rise to 642 million people living with diabetes worldwide by 2040. In this scenario, Melatonin has evidenced an important function in the regulation of energy metabolism. Objective: to carry out a broad narrative review of the literature on the main aspects of the influence of melatonin on Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Methods: Article reviews, systematic reviews, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans recently published were selected and analyzed. A total of 368 articles were collated and submitted to the eligibility analysis. Subsequently, 215 studies were selected to compose the textual part of the manuscript and 153 to compose the Narrative Review. Results and final considerations: Studies suggest a possible role of melatonin in metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies using this hormone in metabolic diseases are still unclear regarding a possible benefit of it. There is so far no consensus about a possible role of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies are necessary to define possible risks and benefits of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of spermine toxicity in baby-hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The role of amine oxidases and oxidative stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
V G Brunton ◽  
M H Grant ◽  
H M Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Polyamine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Baby Hamster Kidney ◽  
Amine Oxidases ◽  
Extracellular Medium ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intracellular Copper

Spermine was toxic to BHK-21/C13 cells in the absence of any extracellular metabolism of the amine. Inhibition of copper-containing amine oxidases with aminoguanidine partially prevented the response, whereas inhibition of polyamine oxidase with MDL-72,527 exacerbated the effect. Oxidation by an intracellular copper-containing amine oxidase may be involved in the toxicity of spermine, whereas the polyamine-interconversion pathway appears to play a cytoprotective role. There was no evidence for spermine imposing a state of oxidative stress within the cells. Inhibition of catalase and glutathione reductase did not alter the cytotoxicity of spermine, and there was no excretion of oxidized glutathione into the extracellular medium. The results suggest that spermine itself can exert a toxic effect directly on the cells.

scholarly journals The Copper Amine Oxidase AtCuAOδ Participates in Abscisic Acid-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Fraudentali ◽  
Sandip A. Ghuge ◽  
Andrea Carucci ◽  
Paraskevi Tavladoraki ◽  
Riccardo Angelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
Amine Oxidases ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Copper Amine Oxidase ◽  
Copper Amine Oxidases ◽  
Copper Amine

Plant copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) are involved in wound healing, defense against pathogens, methyl-jasmonate-induced protoxylem differentiation, and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. In the present study, we investigated the role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CuAOδ (AtCuAOδ; At4g12290) in the ABA-mediated stomatal closure by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Obtained data show that AtCuAOδ is up-regulated by ABA and that two Atcuaoδ T-DNA insertional mutants are less responsive to this hormone, showing reduced ABA-mediated stomatal closure and H2O2 accumulation in guard cells as compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, CuAO inhibitors, as well as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenger N,N1-dimethylthiourea, reversed most of the ABA-induced stomatal closure in WT plants. Consistently, AtCuAOδ over-expressing transgenic plants display a constitutively increased stomatal closure and increased H2O2 production compared to WT plants. Our data suggest that AtCuAOδ is involved in the H2O2 production related to ABA-induced stomatal closure.

scholarly journals Role of hepatokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yini Ke ◽  
Chengfu Xu ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Muscular Tissues

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has revealed that the hepatokines, proteins mainly secreted by the liver, play important roles in the development of NAFLD by acting directly on the lipid and glucose metabolism. As a member of organokines, the hepatokines establish the communication between the liver and the adipose, muscular tissues. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the hepatokines and how they modulate the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders especially NAFLD.

scholarly journals EXOTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLE FOOD AS NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR DIABETES, OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Shraddha Joshi ◽  
Varsha Jadhav ◽  
Vilasrao Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The most challenging diseases such as obesity and diabetes are growing wider and its treatment is a major challenge for healthcare professionals. Most of these metabolic diseases are because of the impact of lifestyle on health. Many studies have recognized a high intake of fruits, greens and other vegetables, nuts and pulses play an important role in our daily diet. Biological constituents are important to combat such diseases and can act as nutritional supplements for treatment of diabetes, cancer, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to explore the role of all these exotic fruits and vegetable food in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and in alteration of diabetes and obesity.

scholarly journals Targeting the Oxytocinergic System: A Possible Pharmacological Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammation Occurring in Different Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10250
Author(s):  
Marzia Friuli ◽  
Barbara Eramo ◽  
Marta Valenza ◽  
Caterina Scuderi ◽  
Gustavo Provensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
System A ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Unresolved inflammation represents a central feature of different human pathologies including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. The epidemiologic relevance of such disorders justifies the increasing interest in further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the inflammatory process occurring in such chronic diseases to provide potential novel pharmacological approaches. The most common and effective therapies for controlling inflammation are glucocorticoids; however, a variety of other molecules have been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory potential, including neuropeptides. In recent years, the oxytocinergic system has seen an explosion of scientific studies, demonstrating its potential to contribute to a variety of physiological processes including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to understand the role of oxytocin in the modulation of inflammation occurring in different chronic diseases. The criterion we used to select the diseases was based on the emerging literature showing a putative involvement of the oxytocinergic system in inflammatory processes in a variety of pathologies including neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and obesity. The evidence reviewed here supports a beneficial role of oxytocin in the control of both peripheral and central inflammatory response happening in the aforementioned pathologies. Although future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic details underlying such regulation, this review supports the idea that the modulation of the endogenous oxytocinergic system might represent a new potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of inflammation.

Role of affect in short-term memory for paired associates.

1968 ◽  
Vol 78 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Nodine ◽  
James H. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Paired Associates
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