scholarly journals The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Shuai Wei ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.

scholarly journals EXOTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLE FOOD AS NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR DIABETES, OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Shraddha Joshi ◽  
Varsha Jadhav ◽  
Vilasrao Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The most challenging diseases such as obesity and diabetes are growing wider and its treatment is a major challenge for healthcare professionals. Most of these metabolic diseases are because of the impact of lifestyle on health. Many studies have recognized a high intake of fruits, greens and other vegetables, nuts and pulses play an important role in our daily diet. Biological constituents are important to combat such diseases and can act as nutritional supplements for treatment of diabetes, cancer, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to explore the role of all these exotic fruits and vegetable food in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and in alteration of diabetes and obesity.

Scaffold Proteins and their Roles in Human Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Somsubhro Mukherjee ◽  
Boon Chuan Low
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scaffold Proteins ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Scaffold proteins are critical regulators of important cell signaling pathways. Though scaffolds are not stringently defined in meaning, they are known to interact with numerous components of a signaling pathway, binding and bridging them into distinct and functional complexes. They control signal transduction and assist the localization of pathway components (organized in complexes) to definite regions of the cell such as the endosomes, plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi, and the nucleus. Years of research in this field have revealed the versatility of this class of protein and the important role it plays in maintaining the normal functions of the human body. Here, we discuss the role of several scaffold proteins which are implicated in important signaling pathways that play important roles in cardiac diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders, and cancer. Their versatility and functions in human diseases make them attractive drug targets, several of which have been investigated in clinical trials. Future studies of scaffold proteins should give us an in-depth knowledge of how cell signaling works in normal and pathological conditions and would offer avenues to disrupt harmful cellular pathways to circumvent diseases.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

scholarly journals Role of Pterostilbene in Metabolic Diseases through SIRT1 pathway- A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2581-2586
Author(s):  
Rashmi Patil ◽  
Urmila Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Sirt1 Activator

Pterostilbene (PTE) (3-5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-stilbenes) is an analogue of resveratrol. It is extracted and isolated from a natural source of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., red grape skin, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Substantial evidence suggested that PTE displayed numerous preventive and therapeutic properties in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Metabolic diseases result in Insulin resistance (IR) which advances to impaired sensitivity to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The prominent role of SIRT (silent information regulator proteins) is now getting emphasized in metabolic disorders. SIRT1 represses Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expressions which are further responsible for improving synthesis of ATP from glucose. This results in improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion, thus preventing IR. SIRT1 also exhibits prominent role in facilitating fatty acid mobilization thereby inhibiting adiposity. Metabolic disorders are therefore the consequences of SIRT1 downregulation. Pterostilbene, being a SIRT1 activator, increases insulin sensitivity reduces adiposity, therefore can prove to be beneficial in diabetes as well as obesity. The review summarizes therapeutic effects portrayed by Pterostilbene via the SIRT1 pathway in metabolic diseases.

Melatonin and its relationships with diabetes and obesity: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valéria Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho ◽  
Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá ◽  
Alberto Krayyem Arbex
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
World Ranking

Significance: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many risks to public health, affecting 39.6% of American adults and 18.5% of young people. Brazil ranks fifth in the world ranking, with about 18 million obese people. It is estimated that 415 million people live with diabetes in the world, which is roughly 1 in 11 of the world's adult population. This is expected to rise to 642 million people living with diabetes worldwide by 2040. In this scenario, Melatonin has evidenced an important function in the regulation of energy metabolism. Objective: to carry out a broad narrative review of the literature on the main aspects of the influence of melatonin on Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Methods: Article reviews, systematic reviews, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans recently published were selected and analyzed. A total of 368 articles were collated and submitted to the eligibility analysis. Subsequently, 215 studies were selected to compose the textual part of the manuscript and 153 to compose the Narrative Review. Results and final considerations: Studies suggest a possible role of melatonin in metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies using this hormone in metabolic diseases are still unclear regarding a possible benefit of it. There is so far no consensus about a possible role of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies are necessary to define possible risks and benefits of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (PPARs): a promising prospect in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson de Andrade Lima ◽  
Mariana Modesto Dantas de Andrade Lima ◽  
Cláudia Diniz Lopes Marques ◽  
Angela Luzia Branco Pinto Duarte ◽  
Ivan da Rocha Pita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Interactive Network ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Skin Conditions

Psoriasis is a polygenic, inflammatory and progressive disease, characterized by an abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, associated with impaired immunologic activation and systemic disorders, while psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory articular disease. Pathophysiology of psoriasis comprises a dysfunction of the immune system cells with an interactive network between cells and cytokines supporting the initiation and perpetuation of disease and leading to inflammation of skin, enthesis and joints. Recent studies have shown an important role of systemic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. Corroborating these findings, patients with severe Psoriasis have marked incidence of psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus, showing an increased risk for acute myocardial infarction, which suggests that the condition is not restricted to the skin. Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors, whose activation affects genes that control vital processes. Among them the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor is responsible for establishing the relationship between lipids, metabolic diseases and innate immunity. In the skin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have an important effect in keratinocyte homeostasis, suggesting a role in diseases such as psoriasis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists represent a relevant source of research in the treatment of skin conditions, however more clinical studies are needed to define the potential response of these drugs in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

scholarly journals Curcumin and other dietary polyphenols: potential mechanisms of metabolic actions and therapy for diabetes and obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. E201-E205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianru Jin ◽  
Zhuolun Song ◽  
Jianping Weng ◽  
I. George Fantus
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Diabetes Development ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Recent controversy regarding the therapeutic potential of curcumin indicates the challenges to research in this field. Here, we highlight the investigations of curcumin and other plant-derived polyphenols that demonstrate their application to metabolic diseases, in particular, obesity and diabetes. Thus, a number of preclinical and clinical investigations have shown the beneficial effect of curcumin (and other dietary polyphenols) in attenuating body weight gain, improving insulin sensitivity, and preventing diabetes development in rodent models and prediabetic subjects. Other intervention studies with dietary polyphenols have also found improvements in insulin resistance. Recent studies suggest that the metabolic effects of curcumin/polyphenols are linked to changes in the gut microbiota. Thus, research into curcumin continues to provide novel insights into metabolic regulation that may ultimately translate into effective therapy.

scholarly journals Thrombospondin 1 in Metabolic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Gutierrez ◽  
Jovita Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Matricellular Protein ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Thrombospondin 1 ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation

The thrombospondin family comprises of five multifunctional glycoproteins, whose best-studied member is thrombospondin 1 (TSP1). This matricellular protein is a potent antiangiogenic agent that inhibits endothelial migration and proliferation, and induces endothelial apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated a regulatory role of TSP1 in cell migration and in activation of the latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). These functions of TSP1 translate into its broad modulation of immune processes. Further, imbalances in immune regulation have been increasingly linked to pathological conditions such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. While most studies in the past have focused on the role of TSP1 in cancer and inflammation, recently published data have revealed new insights about the role of TSP1 in physiological and metabolic disorders. Here, we highlight recent findings that associate TSP1 and its receptors to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. TSP1 regulates nitric oxide, activates latent TGFβ1, and interacts with receptors CD36 and CD47, to play an important role in cell metabolism. Thus, TSP1 and its major receptors may be considered a potential therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yan-Jun He ◽  
Chong-Ge You
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Due to changes in lifestyle, diet structure, and aging worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity is increasing. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be closely related to cardiovascular disease and severely affects human health. In recent years, researchers have revealed that the gut microbiota, through its own or interacting metabolites, has a positive role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been a new “organ” for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The role has not been clarified, and more research is necessary to prove the specific role of specific strains. Probiotics are also believed to regulate metabolic syndromes by regulating the gut microbiota and are expected to become a new preparation for treating metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders by the gut microbiota through the effects of bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and genes such as ABCG5 and ABCG8, FXR, NPC1L, and LDL-R.

scholarly journals Role of Polyphenols and Carotenoids in Endothelial Dysfunction: An Overview from Classic to Innovative Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Di Pietro ◽  
Maria Pompea Antonia Baldassarre ◽  
Angelo Cichelli ◽  
Assunta Pandolfi ◽  
Gloria Formoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Platelet Activity ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Health Promoting

Nowadays, the dramatically increased prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus and their related complications, including endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Dietary nutrients together with healthy lifestyles have a crucial role in the endothelium health-promoting effects. From a growing body of evidence, active natural compounds from food, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have attracted particular attention as a complementary therapy on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, as well as preventive approaches through the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. They mainly act as radical scavengers by promoting a variety of biological mechanisms, such as improvements in endothelial function, blood pressure, platelet activity, and insulin sensitivity, and by modulating various known biomarkers. The present review highlights the role of polyphenols and carotenoids in early endothelial dysfunction with attention to their beneficial effect in modulating both classical and recent technologically generated emerging biomarkers. These, alone or in combination, can play an important role in the prediction, diagnosis, and evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, a main challenge is to speed up early and prompt new interventions in order to prevent or slow down disease progression, even with an adequate intake of bioactive compounds. Hence, there is an urgent need of new more validated, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers useful to diagnose endothelial dysfunction at an earlier stage.

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