Melatonin and its relationships with diabetes and obesity: a literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Valéria Garcia Ramirez ◽  
Durval Ribas Filho ◽  
Larissa Bianca Paiva Cunha de Sá ◽  
Alberto Krayyem Arbex
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
The World ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
World Ranking

Significance: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with many risks to public health, affecting 39.6% of American adults and 18.5% of young people. Brazil ranks fifth in the world ranking, with about 18 million obese people. It is estimated that 415 million people live with diabetes in the world, which is roughly 1 in 11 of the world's adult population. This is expected to rise to 642 million people living with diabetes worldwide by 2040. In this scenario, Melatonin has evidenced an important function in the regulation of energy metabolism. Objective: to carry out a broad narrative review of the literature on the main aspects of the influence of melatonin on Diabetes Mellitus and obesity. Methods: Article reviews, systematic reviews, prospective studies, retrospective studies, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in humans recently published were selected and analyzed. A total of 368 articles were collated and submitted to the eligibility analysis. Subsequently, 215 studies were selected to compose the textual part of the manuscript and 153 to compose the Narrative Review. Results and final considerations: Studies suggest a possible role of melatonin in metabolic diseases such as obesity, T2DM and metabolic syndrome. Intervention studies using this hormone in metabolic diseases are still unclear regarding a possible benefit of it. There is so far no consensus about a possible role of melatonin as an adjuvant in the treatment of metabolic diseases. More studies are necessary to define possible risks and benefits of melatonin as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals ROLE OF TRIVIDHA ROGAYATANA IN THE MANIFESTATION OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION W.S.R. TO PRAGYAPARADA - A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1733-1736
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Nigwal ◽  
Lajwanti Keswani ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Malviya ◽  
Arvind Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
The World ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Day By Day

Cardiovascular disease such as hypertension will be the largest cause of death and disability in India by 2020. The prevalence of hypertension is increasing globally and currently, more than 1 billion people have hypertension. About 26.4% of the world adult population in 2000 had hypertension and 29.2% were projected to have this con- dition by 2025. Elevated blood pressure affects 1 billion individuals and causes an estimated 10.4 million deaths per year. Thus, hypertension is needed to be studied. Though a lot of potent antihypertensive drugs are available today none of them is free from untoward adverse effects. Especially the elderly population poorly tolerates these drugs. The global incidence of hypertension is increasing day by day and is a very common problem nowadays. Ayurveda has classified the causes of disease into three main categories: - 1. Asatmendriyartha Samyoga 2. Pragyaparada and 3. Parinama (Kaala), these three main causes of disease enable different kinds of diseases to manifest. Firstly, they lead to the imbalance of body /or mind by vitiation the Tridosha. The consequence of the imbalance is a disturbance of the basic biological principles. Hypertension is a lifestyle disorder. Ayurveda causes of lifestyle disorders are mainly Pragyaparada. Pragyaparadha is the main cause of all noncommunicable dis- eases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension etc. Keywords: Asatmendriyartha, Pragyaparada, Parinama, Trividha Rogaayatanas, Hypertension.

scholarly journals The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
Shuai Wei ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Fazle Elahi ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Syndromes

Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.

scholarly journals Inflammation and Cognition in Depression: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5859
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wachowska ◽  
Piotr Gałecki
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
The World ◽  
Depressive Patients ◽  
The Brain

The authors aim to present a narrative review of research on the inflammatory aetiology of depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder, constituting the most common reason of disability due to a health condition. It has been estimated that at least one in six people suffer from depression at some point of their lives. The aetiology of depression, although researched extensively all around the world, still remains unclear. Authors discuss the possible role of inflammation in depression, the neurodevelopmental theory of depression as well as associations between cognition and depression. Possible associations between memory dysfunction among depressive patients and inflammatory markers are included. The associations between the immune system, depression and cognition are observed. Possible mediating factors between these areas include personality traits, hormonal imbalance and functioning of the brain areas. The question as to what mediating factors are involved is still open to research.

scholarly journals Role of Pterostilbene in Metabolic Diseases through SIRT1 pathway- A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (sp) ◽  
pp. 2581-2586
Author(s):  
Rashmi Patil ◽  
Urmila Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Grape Skin ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Sirt1 Activator

Pterostilbene (PTE) (3-5 dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-trans-stilbenes) is an analogue of resveratrol. It is extracted and isolated from a natural source of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb., red grape skin, and blueberries (Vaccinium spp.). Substantial evidence suggested that PTE displayed numerous preventive and therapeutic properties in many metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Metabolic diseases result in Insulin resistance (IR) which advances to impaired sensitivity to insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The prominent role of SIRT (silent information regulator proteins) is now getting emphasized in metabolic disorders. SIRT1 represses Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expressions which are further responsible for improving synthesis of ATP from glucose. This results in improving glucose utilization and insulin secretion, thus preventing IR. SIRT1 also exhibits prominent role in facilitating fatty acid mobilization thereby inhibiting adiposity. Metabolic disorders are therefore the consequences of SIRT1 downregulation. Pterostilbene, being a SIRT1 activator, increases insulin sensitivity reduces adiposity, therefore can prove to be beneficial in diabetes as well as obesity. The review summarizes therapeutic effects portrayed by Pterostilbene via the SIRT1 pathway in metabolic diseases.

Modeling of metabolic diseases – a review of selected methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Świerkosz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Correct Dose ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by malfunction of blood sugar regulatory processes and has been reported as related to 8.3% of adult population, i.e. nearly 400 million people worldwide. This paper provides a review of facts and principles important for understanding the regulation mechanisms and the role of insulin. The author relies on mathematical modeling of these mechanisms and provides few formulas and computer applications dedicated for use in diabetes. The modeling aims to find a correct dose of insulin as a response to a series of measurement results on glucose concentration. In conclusion, the author recommends selected methods for personal self-check of glucose level and stresses on the importance of regularly checking blood-related parameters.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Anti-Obesity Effects: Rapid Inhibition of Adipocyte Glucose Utilization

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Carpéné ◽  
Francisco Les ◽  
Guillermo Cásedas ◽  
Cécile Peiro ◽  
Jessica Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Cholesterol Depletion ◽  
Amine Oxidases ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Animal Models Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Studies in animal models of diabetes and obesity have shown that resveratrol mitigates complications of metabolic diseases, beyond those resulting from oxidative stress. Furthermore, results obtained with cultured preadipocytes have also revealed that prolonged resveratrol treatment impairs adipogenesis. Considering the role of adipocytes in the hypertrophy of fat stores, and keeping in mind that insulin is the main trigger of excessive energy storage during post-prandial periods, the present study aimed to investigate how short-term effects of resveratrol can limit glucose disposal in a gut-adipose tissue axis. We found that resveratrol exhibits a more potent inhibitory capacity towards α-glucosidase than pancreatic lipase activity. Resveratrol also rapidly blunts glucose transport in mature fat cells by counteracting the effect of insulin and insulin-like lipogenic agents. Within two hours, resveratrol also inhibited the incorporation of glucose into lipids of adipocytes, which was unaffected by membrane cholesterol depletion. Moreover, the comparison between adipocytes with invalidated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity and their control, or between resveratrol and several inhibitors, did not indicate that the recently described interaction of resveratrol with amine oxidases was involved in its antilipogenic effect. Caffeine and piceatannol, previously said to interact with glucose carriers, also inhibit lipogenesis in adipocytes, whereas other antioxidant phytochemicals do not reproduce such an antilipogenic effect. This study highlights the diverse first steps by which resveratrol impairs excessive fat accumulation, indicating that this natural molecule and its derivatives deserve further studies to develop their potential anti-obesity properties.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Media During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Dalili Shoaei ◽  
Meisam Dastani
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Web

In late 2019, the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread around the world. Due to this incident, the use of social networks has increased among people. The present narrative review aimed to investigate the studies conducted on the subject of social media and COVID-19 in the Web of Science database. The investigations show that social media has been used to share viewpoints, health care, and distance learning during the COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, using social media can be a valuable means for the governments and experts to prevent the spread of this epidemic and even in similar future crises.

scholarly journals Role of hepatokines in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yini Ke ◽  
Chengfu Xu ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Youming Li
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Muscular Tissues

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and obesity. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has revealed that the hepatokines, proteins mainly secreted by the liver, play important roles in the development of NAFLD by acting directly on the lipid and glucose metabolism. As a member of organokines, the hepatokines establish the communication between the liver and the adipose, muscular tissues. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the hepatokines and how they modulate the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders especially NAFLD.

Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3542-3566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Liberale ◽  
Aldo Bonaventura ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Franco Dallegri ◽  
Federico Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Wine Consumption

Background:The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks.Methods:This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: “red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol” in combination with “polyphenols, heart failure, infarction”.Results:Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the “French paradox”. Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk.Conclusion:Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.

scholarly journals EXOTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLE FOOD AS NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR DIABETES, OBESITY AND METABOLIC DISEASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Shraddha Joshi ◽  
Varsha Jadhav ◽  
Vilasrao Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Vegetable Food ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Exotic Fruits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

The most challenging diseases such as obesity and diabetes are growing wider and its treatment is a major challenge for healthcare professionals. Most of these metabolic diseases are because of the impact of lifestyle on health. Many studies have recognized a high intake of fruits, greens and other vegetables, nuts and pulses play an important role in our daily diet. Biological constituents are important to combat such diseases and can act as nutritional supplements for treatment of diabetes, cancer, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this article is to explore the role of all these exotic fruits and vegetable food in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and in alteration of diabetes and obesity.

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