scholarly journals Towards the Use of Novel Materials in Shipbuilding: Assessing Thermal Performances of Fire-Doors by Self-Consistent Numerical Modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 5736
Author(s):  
Giada Kyaw Oo D’Amore ◽  
Francesco Mauro ◽  
Alberto Marinò ◽  
Marco Caniato ◽  
Jan Kašpar
Keyword(s):  
Fire Test ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Rock Wool ◽  
Fire Door

Nowadays, fire-doors optimization is approached by using consolidated design guidelines and traditional materials, such as rock wool. Then, selected solution is directly tested in a mandatory fire-test. Unfortunately, few pieces of information could be retrieved either if the test succeeds or fails, which makes both improvements in the design and use of innovative materials difficult. Thus, in this work, a self-consistent finite element method (FEM) analysis is developed and assessed against experimental fire-test results, highlighting the critical parameters affecting the numerical simulations. Using this tool, a new fiberglass-containing foam, with improved acoustic and mechanical properties, as compared to the rock-wool, is studied as a potential insulating material for on-board fire-doors. The assessment of the performance of the new material demonstrates that, contrary to common believe, the effective thermal insulation capacity is not necessarily the critical factor in determining the fire-resistance of a fire-door. Using the validated FEM analysis, it has been proven that the reduction of the thermal bridges originated at the door edges allows, firstly, for the attainment of a fire-door 37% thinner and 61% lighter with respect to a traditional one, and, secondly, the use of new material as insulator in fire-doors that, even if less thermally capable, could improve other properties of the door, as an example its soundproofing.

Materials technology: Innovations and progress

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Lucy Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Novel Applications

Materials technology is a constantly evolving discipline, with new materials leading to novel applications. For example, new material properties arise from combining different materials into composites. Researching materials can help solve societal challenges, with the creation of innovative materials resulting in breakthroughs in overcoming hurdles facing humankind, including energy challenges and medical problems. Innovative materials breathe new life into industries and spur on scientific and technological discovery.

Responsive Biosensors for Biodegradable Magnesium Implants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Schulz ◽  
Amos Doepke ◽  
Xuefei Guo ◽  
Julia Kuhlmann ◽  
Brian Halsall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The University ◽  
Biodegradable Magnesium

A biosensor is an electronic device that measures biologically important parameters. An example is a sensor that measures the chemicals and materials released during corrosion of a biodegradable magnesium implant that impact surrounding cells, tissues and organs. A responsive biosensor is a biosensor that responds to its own measurements. An example is a sensor that measures the corrosion of an implant and automatically adjusts (slows down or speeds up) the corrosion rate. The University of Cincinnati, the University of Pittsburgh, North Carolina A&T State University, and the Hannover Medical Institute are collaborators in an NSF Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials (RBM). The center will use responsive sensors in experimental test beds to develop biodegradable magnesium implants. Our goal is to develop biodegradable implants that combine novel bioengineered materials based on magnesium alloys, miniature sensor devices that monitor and control the corrosion, and coatings that slow corrosion and release biological factors and drugs that will promote healing in surrounding tissues. Responsive biosensors will monitor what is happening at the interface between the implant and tissue to ensure that the implant is effective, biosafe, and provides appropriate strength while degrading. Corrosion behavior is a critical factor in the design of the implant. The corrosion behavior of implants will be studied using biosensors and through mathematical modeling. Design guidelines will be developed to predict the degradation rate of implants, and to predict and further study toxicity arising from corrosion products (i.e., Mg ion concentrations, pH levels, and hydrogen gas evolution). Knowing the corrosion rate will allow estimations to be made of implant strength and toxicity risk throughout the degradation process.

scholarly journals Reliability Question of New Material Used in Vehicle Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Trabelsi Omar ◽  
Tóth László
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Engineering ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials

Abstract In-vehicle engineering, several types of materials can be used to build vehicles of different sizes and for different uses. Traditionally those materials can be iron, aluminium, steel, rubber, glass, copper, leather, and others. These materials have been in constant development over the years, and this development has accelerated during the last ten years as manufacturers strive to compete on the issue of reliability of these new innovative materials. Reliability requires the production of materials with minimal (or well-known) variations in properties or dimensions. Parts made from these materials must be manufactured using processes that have also been proven to be reliable. This aim of this paper is to explain how reliability criteria can only be obtained if there are means of control suited to the most used materials (metals and polymers).

Improvement of fire door design using experimental and numerical modelling investigations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Khalifa ◽  
Mohamed A. Aziz ◽  
Mohamed Hamza ◽  
Saber Abdo ◽  
Osama A. Gaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Minimum Deformation ◽  
Fire Door

PurposeFire door should withstand a high temperature without deforming. In the current paper, the challenges of improving the behaviour of the conventional fire door were described using various internal stiffeners in pair swinging-type fire door.Design/methodology/approachThe temperature distribution on the outside door surface was measured with distributed eight thermocouples. Subsequently the internal side was cooled with pressurized water hose jet stream of 4 bar. The transient simulation for the thermal and structure analysis was conducted using finite element modelling (FEM) with ANSYS 19. The selected cross sections during numerical simulation were double S, double C and hat omega stiffeners applied to 2.2 m and 3 m door length.FindingsDuring the FEM analysis, the maximum deformations were 7.2028, 5.4299, 5.023 cm for double S, double C and hat omega stiffeners for 2.2 m door length and 6.57, 4.26, 2.1094 cm for double S, double C and hat omega stiffeners for 3 m door length. Finally, hat omega gives more than three times reduction in the deformation of door compared to double S stiffeners which provided a reference data to the manufacturers.Research limitations/implicationsThe research limitation included the limited number of fire door tests due to the high cost of single test, and the research implication was to achieve an optimal study in fire door design.Practical implicationsAchieving the optimum design for the internal door stiffeners where the hat omega stiffener gives minimum door deformation compared to the other stiffeners was considered the practical implication. The work included two experimental fire door tests according to the standard fire test (ANSI/UL 10C – Positive Pressure of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies) for a door of 2.2 m length with double S stiffeners and a door of 3 m length with hat omega stiffeners, which achieved minimum deformation.Originality/valueThe behavior and mechanical response of door leaf were improved through using internal hat omega stiffeners under fire testing. This study was achieved using FEM in ANSYS 19 for six cases of different lengths and stiffeners for fire doors. The simulation model showed a very close agreement with the experimental results with an error of 0.651% for double S and 1.888% for hat omega.

FEM Analysis of Thermal Stresses in Advanced Electronic Packages

1998 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Rzepka ◽  
Matt A. Korhonen ◽  
Che-Yu Li ◽  
Ekkehard Meusel
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Chip Size

AbstractFollowing the general tendency of downsizing in microelectronic packages, the interposing layer between silicon chip and organic board is constantly reduced while the differences in thermal expansion stay constant. Consequently, thermal stresses have become the most important reliability concern in advanced packages. Finite element analysis is known as an effective way of theoretically studying the mechanical situation in multi-component systems with complex material behavior. The paper presents results of finite element simulations that provide practical guidance for design, process and material developments of chip size packaging (CSP), flip chip (FC), and direct chip attach (DCA) modules. Using realistic and efficient models, a low-cost CSP concept is assessed, the effects of underfill, underfill imperfections, and underfill defects on the reliability of FC modules are studied, and an optimum set of mechanical properties for underfill materials is proposed. Finally, reliability risk factors in DCA modules are identified and preliminary design guidelines are given.

scholarly journals The Effect of Welding Residual Stress for Making Artificial Stress Corrosion Crack in the STS 304 Pipe

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Seong Kim ◽  
Bo-Young Lee ◽  
Woong-Gi Hwang ◽  
Sung-Sik Kang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Crack ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
3D Fem ◽  
Custom Made

The stress corrosion crack is one of the fracture phenomena for the major structure components in nuclear power plant. During the operation of a power plant, stress corrosion cracks are initiated and grown especially in dissimilar weldment of primary loop components. In particular, stress corrosion crack usually occurs when the following three factors exist at the same time: susceptible material, corrosive environment, and tensile stress (residual stress included). Thus, residual stress becomes a critical factor for stress corrosion crack when it is difficult to improve the material corrosivity of the components and their environment under operating conditions. In this study, stress corrosion cracks were artificially produced on STS 304 pipe itself by control of welding residual stress. We used the instrumented indentation technique and 3D FEM analysis (using ANSYS 12) to evaluate the residual stress values in the GTAW area. We used the custom-made device for fabricating the stress corrosion crack in the inner STS 304 pipe wall. As the result of both FEM analysis and experiment, the stress corrosion crack was quickly generated and could be reproduced, and it could be controlled by welding residual stress.

Synthesis of High-Tg Azo Polymer and the Optimization of its Poling Condition for Stable EO System

1997 ◽  
Vol 488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Fukuda ◽  
Hiro Matsuda ◽  
Takao Shiraga ◽  
Masao Kato ◽  
Hachiro Nakanishi
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Optical Nonlinearity ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Poling Condition ◽  
Azo Polymer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Material ◽  
Corona Poling ◽  
Dipolar Orientation

AbstractA new material for second-order nonlinear optics was synthesized, which was a copolymer of N-phenylmaleimide, 4-isopropenylphenol and 4'-[N-ethyl-N-(4-isopropenylphenoxyethyl) amino]-4”-nitroazobenzene (PMPD). PMPD films were poled by corona-poling technique. The optical nonlinearity of poled PMPD was measured by second harmonic generation (SHG) and electro-optic (EO) effect, and it was demonstrated that this polymer had large optical nonlinearity and a very long-time stability, as was expected. These properties were thought to be sufficient enough for practical EO devices. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the sample preparation technique, poling conditions were investigated in order to achieve the highest possible dipolar orientation. As a result, it was found that the relationship between the electric resistance of polymer film and substrate was a critical factor for corona-poling efficiency. From a simple model, it was suggested that the poled PMPD film prepared onto the glass substrate with a resistance of ˜0.8 GΩ (at 160 °C) exhibits large SHG and EO coefficients, more than ˜500 × 10−9 e.s.u (d33 at λ = 1.064 μm) and ˜70 pm/V(r33 at λ = 632.8 nm), respectively. It should be noted that this expected values are approximately twice as much as obtained under conventional corona-poling conditions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Working Performance of a Back-to-Back Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Wall

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Guangqing Yang ◽  
Yunfei Zhao ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Zhijie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil ◽  
Working Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Two Parameters

Back-to-back geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls (BBGRSWs) are commonly used in embankments approaching bridges and narrow spaces. However, the available literature and design guidelines for BBGRSWs are limited. The aims of this research were to develop a greater understanding of the working performance of BBGRSWs and to optimize the design method of a BBGRSW to ensure the cost-efficiency as well as the stability of the structure. On the basis of a monitored BBGRSW structure located in China, we established a numerical model. The parameters of the materials used in the actual project were determined through triaxial and tensile tests. The numerical results were compared with the measured results in the field to verify the correctness of the selected parameters. Two parameters were investigated by the FEM method: the reinforcement length and the arrangement. The FEM analysis indicated that post-construction deformations such as displacement and settlement could be reduced by reinforcing the same layer on both sides. Longer reinforcements were needed to achieve the same performance if the reinforcements were cross-arranged. Thus, BBGRSWs can have a superior performance if the reinforcements are connected in the middle from both sides. Even with longer reinforcements, the safety factor of the wall with a cross-arranged reinforcement was smaller than that with same-layered reinforcements.

Design Guidelines for Dynamic Stability of Tainter Gates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Anami ◽  
Noriaki Ishii ◽  
Charles W. Knisely ◽  
Tatsuya Oku
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Fem Analysis ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Actual Structure ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
Excited Vibration ◽  
Vibration Tests

To ensure the long-term safe operation of newly constructed Tainter gates, methods of analysis and design criteria are needed in the design stage to assure the dynamic stability of any new Tainter gate. For this purpose, the present study provides a detailed procedure for the dynamic design of Tainter gates that can be applied to preliminary designs by gate engineers to assure the dynamic stability of their gate designs. The dynamic stability of the gate can be determined using the natural vibration characteristics ascertained by finite element method (FEM) analysis, reasonable values of actual structure damping actually measured by the field vibration tests, and theoretical analysis of the coupled-mode self-excited vibration that has been previously established by authors. The procedure and the important points of each step are detailed in an example determination of the dynamic stability of a practical Tainter gate.

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