scholarly journals Quantification of Unknown Nanoscale Biomolecules Using the Average-Weight-Difference Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Yonghyun Choi ◽  
Kyobum Kim ◽  
Hyung-Jun Koo ◽  
Jonghoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Difference Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Drug Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Set Up

In order to quantify the amount of drug molecules in drug delivery systems, analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography are used due to their accuracy and reliability. However, the instruments required for such techniques are expensive and not available in all laboratories. Therefore, in this study, we introduce a method that can be a relatively inexpensive and easy to perform drug analysis in almost any laboratory set-up. We have devised the “average-weight-difference method” within the limits of existing spectral analyses. By employing this method, we quantitatively analyzed the amount of isoniazid or doxorubicin molecules loaded onto β-glucan nanoparticles. This proved to be a relatively simple and reliable method and can be used to estimate the amount of nanoscale biomolecules before their analysis through expensive equipment in an environment where the instruments are not readily available.

scholarly journals DRY-POWDER OF CHITOSAN-COATED LIPID-CORE NANOCAPSULES CONTAINING DAPSONE: DEVELOPMENT, LASER DIFFRACTION CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYTICAL QUANTIFICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cé ◽  
Denise Soledade Jornada ◽  
João Guilherme Barreto De Marchi ◽  
Silvia Stanisçuaski Guterres ◽  
Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Dry Powders ◽  
Lipid Core ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Analytical Quantification ◽  
The Stability

Analytical techniques are critical for ensuring physical and chemical stability of a drug both for assessing the stability of drug molecules and for quantifying and identifying the drug content in products. We proposed the development of dry-powders of lipid-core nanocapsules containing dapsone and coated with chitosan, as well as, the analytical quantification of dapsone in dry-powders with 1% and 2% (m/v) of leucine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Size is the most relevant physicochemical property of nanoparticulated drug delivery systems. In this context, our results demonstrated that during the powders redispersion in water, could be observed that the mean particle diameters (DAP-LNC-CS-L1 and DAP-LNC-CS-L2) decreased with redispersion times increase. The spray-drying of the lipid-core nanocapsule formulations showed yields ranging from 58 ± 1.0 % (DAP-LNC-CS-L1) to 61 ± 1.5 % (DAP-LNC-CS-L2) indicating an efficient drying process. In this context, the analytical quantifications of dapsone in the dry powders of nanocapsules by HPLC showed that the dapsone content ranged from 92 ± 1.4% (DAP-LNC-CS-L2) to 95 ± 0.8% (DAP-LNC-CS-L1). Can be concluded that spray-drying process of DAP-LNC-CS-L1 and DAP-LNC-CS-L2 formulations showed an efficient aqueous dispersion of nanocapsule powders and the analytical quantification of dapsone in spray-dryed powders were higher than 90%.

Phytoceuticals in aniseeds: a practical approach for isolation and identification

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 4701
Author(s):  
Shobha R. I. ◽  
Andallu B.
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Nature has provided mankind with a broad and structurally diverse array of pharmacologically active chemical compounds, phytoceuticals, which have proved to be indispensable for the cure of chronic diseases or as lead structures for novel therapeutic agents. Almost, 70% of modern medicines in India have been developed from plants used in the traditional system of medicine. With the technological advances and the development of more sophisticated isolation and analytical techniques, there is great scope for further systematic research to screen and isolate many more phytoceuticals which might be more effective/as effective as synthetic drugs and thereby assess their potential in protecting against chronic diseases. The present investigation is aimed at isolation and identification of phytoceuticals in a spice, aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L), therapeutically less-exploited and widely used only for culinary purpose, using analytical techniques viz. column chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC.) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Among all the solvent fractions of methanolic extract tested, methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction possessed highest amounts of bioactive compounds viz. phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols which was confirmed by qualitative, quantitative and HPTLC. analyses. Spectral analysis using NMR. of one of the sub-fractions of aniseeds obtained by column chromatography, revealed the presence of a glycosylated flavone, luteolin-6C-glucoside in aniseeds.  The present study revealed aniseeds to be a great source of bioactive phytoceuticals which can be novel candidates for development of new therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Electrospinning: A promising technique for drug delivery systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Martínez-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Factor ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Final System ◽  
Intense Research

AbstractIn the last years, electrospinning has become a technique of intense research to design and fabricate drug delivery systems (DDS), during this time a vast variety of DDS with mainly electrospun polymers and many different active ingredient(s) have been developed, many intrinsic and extrinsic factor have influence in the final system, there are those that can be attributed to the equipment set up and that to the physical-chemical properties of the used materials in the fabrication of DDS. After all, this intense research has generated a great amount of DDS loaded with one or more drugs. In this manuscript a review with the highlights of different kind of systems for drug delivery systems is presented, it includes the basic concepts of electrospinning, types of equipment set up, polymer/drug systems, limitations and challenges that need to be overcome for clinical applications.

scholarly journals Determination of amino acids in human biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography: critical review

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Gałęzowska ◽  
Joanna Ratajczyk ◽  
Lidia Wolska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Preparation Conditions

AbstractThe quantitation and qualification of amino acids are most commonly used in clinical and epidemiological studies, and provide an excellent way of monitoring compounds in human fluids which have not been monitored previously, to prevent some diseases. Because of this, it is not surprising that scientific interest in evaluating these compounds has resurfaced in recent years and has precipitated the development of a multitude of new analytical techniques. This review considers recent developments in HPLC analytics on the basis of publications from the last few years. It helps to update and systematize knowledge in this area. Particular attention is paid to the progress of analytical methods, pointing out the advantages and drawbacks of the various techniques used for the preparation, separation and determination of amino acids. Depending on the type of sample, the preparation conditions for HPLC analysis change. For this reason, the review has focused on three types of samples, namely urine, blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Despite time-consuming sample preparation before HPLC analysis, an additional derivatization technique should be used, depending on the detection technique used. There are proposals for columns that are specially modified for amino acid separation without derivatization, but the limit of detection of the substance is less beneficial. In view of the fact that amino acid analyses have been performed for years and new solutions may generate increased costs, it may turn out that older proposals are much more advantageous.

scholarly journals A Peristaltic Micropump Based on the Fast Electrochemical Actuator: Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Testing

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ilia Uvarov ◽  
Pavel Shlepakov ◽  
Artem Melenev ◽  
Kechun Ma ◽  
Vitaly Svetovoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Peristaltic Micropump ◽  
Biomedical Field ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Actuator Design

Microfluidic devices providing an accurate delivery of fluids at required rates are of considerable interest, especially for the biomedical field. The progress is limited by the lack of micropumps, which are compact, have high performance, and are compatible with standard microfabrication. This paper describes a micropump based on a new driving principle. The pump contains three membrane actuators operating peristaltically. The actuators are driven by nanobubbles of hydrogen and oxygen, which are generated in the chamber by a series of short voltage pulses of alternating polarity applied to the electrodes. This process guaranties the response time of the actuators to be much shorter than that of any other electrochemical device. The main part of the pump has a size of about 3 mm, which is an order of magnitude smaller in comparison with conventional micropumps. The pump is fabricated in glass and silicon wafers using standard cleanroom processes. The channels are formed in SU-8 photoresist and the membrane is made of SiNx. The channels are sealed by two processes of bonding between SU-8 and SiNx. Functionality of the channels and membranes is demonstrated. A defect of electrodes related to the lift-off fabrication procedure did not allow a demonstration of the pumping process although a flow rate of 1.5 µl/min and dosage accuracy of 0.25 nl are expected. The working characteristics of the pump make it attractive for the use in portable drug delivery systems, but the fabrication technology must be improved.

scholarly journals Optimization of Dynamic Task Location within a Manipulator’s Workspace for the Utilization of the Minimum Required Joint Torques

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Adam Wolniakowski ◽  
Charalampos Valsamos ◽  
Kanstantsin Miatliuk ◽  
Vassilis Moulianitis ◽  
Nikos Aspragathos
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Optimal Position ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Arbitrary Position ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Task Placement

The determination of the optimal position of a robotic task within a manipulator’s workspace is crucial for the manipulator to achieve high performance regarding selected aspects of its operation. In this paper, a method for determining the optimal task placement for a serial manipulator is presented, so that the required joint torques are minimized. The task considered comprises the exercise of a given force in a given direction along a 3D path followed by the end effector. Given that many such tasks are usually conducted by human workers and as such the utilized trajectories are quite complex to model, a Human Robot Interaction (HRI) approach was chosen to define the task, where the robot is taught the task trajectory by a human operator. Furthermore, the presented method considers the singular free paths of the manipulator’s end-effector motion in the configuration space. Simulation results are utilized to set up a physical execution of the task in the optimal derived position within a UR-3 manipulator’s workspace. For reference the task is also placed at an arbitrary “bad” location in order to validate the simulation results. Experimental results verify that the positioning of the task at the optimal location derived by the presented method allows for the task execution with minimum joint torques as opposed to the arbitrary position.

Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems: An update

2021 ◽  
pp. 312-316
Author(s):  
Pandey Swarnima ◽  
Sushant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Classification Methods ◽  
Hydrophobic Drug ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Novel Drug

The paper is aimed to provide a comprehensive review on nanoparticles, methods of preparation, applications in drug delivery. In recent years, there has been an exponential interest within the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles. Nanoparticles offers significant advantages over the conventional drug delivery in terms of high stability, high specificity, high drug carrying capacity, ability for controlled release, possibility to use in several route of administration and therefore the capability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules. This review focuses on classification, methods of preparation, characterization, application, advantages of nanoparticles and health perspectives.

Differential-Geometric Methods in Multibody Dynamics and Control

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Maißer
Keyword(s):  
Configuration Space ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Multibody System ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Constrained Mechanical Systems ◽  
Dynamics And Control ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lagrangian Motion

This paper presents a differential-geometric approach to the multibody system dynamics regarded as a point dynamics in a n-dimensional configuration space Rn. This configuration space becomes a Riemannian space Vn the metric of which is defined by the kinetic energy of the multibody system (MBS). Hence, all concepts and statements of the Riemannian geometry can be used to study the dynamics of MBS. One of the key points is to set up the non-linear Lagrangian motion equations of tree-like MBS as well as of constrained mechanical systems, the perturbed equations of motion, and the motion equations of hybrid MBS in a derivative-free manner. Based on this approach transformation properties can be investigated for application in real-time simulation, control theory, Hamilton mechanics, the construction of first integrals, stability etc. Finally, a general Lyapunov-stable force control law for underactuated systems is given that demonstrates the power of the approach in high-performance sports applications.

LPC Blade and Non-Axisymmetric Hub Profiling Optimization Using Multi-Fidelity Non-Intrusive POD Surrogates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Benamara ◽  
Piotr Breitkopf ◽  
Ingrid Lepot ◽  
Caroline Sainvitu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
High Fidelity Simulations ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Automated Optimization ◽  
Proper Orthogonal

The present contribution proposes a Reduced Order Model based multi-fidelity optimization methodology for the design of highly loaded blades in low pressure compressors. Environmental, as well as, economical limitations applied to engine manufacturers make the design of modern turbofans an extremely complex task. A smart compromise has to be found to guarantee both a high efficiency and a high average stage loading imposed for mass reduction constraints, while satisfying stability requirements. The design of compressor blades, usually involves at the same time a dedicated parametrization set-up in highdimensional space and high-fidelity simulations capturing, at least, efficiency and stability as most impacting phenomena. Despite recent advances in the high-performance computing area, introducing high-fidelity simulations into automated optimization, or even surrogate assisted optimization, loops still stands as a endeavor for engineers. In this framework, the proposed methodology is based on multi-fidelity surrogate models capable of representing the physics at hand in reduced spaces inferred from both precise, albeit costly, high-fidelity simulations and abundant, yet less accurate lower-fidelity data. Finally, we investigate the coupling of the proposed hierarchised multi-fidelity non-intrusive Proper Orthogonal Decomposition based surrogates with an evolutionary algorithm to reduce the number of high-fidelity simulation calls towards the targeted optimum.

scholarly journals Potential Drug Candidates for SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Screening and Enhanced Sampling Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadanandam Namsani ◽  
Debabrata Pramanik ◽  
Mohd Aamir Khan ◽  
Sudip Roy ◽  
Jayant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Enhanced Sampling ◽  
Free Energy Surface ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Computational Screening ◽  
Graphical Processing

<div><div><div><p>Here we report new chemical entities that are highly specific in binding towards the 3-chymotrypsin- like cysteine protease (3CLpro) protein present in the novel SARS-CoV2 virus. The viral 3CLpro</p><p>protein controls coronavirus replication. Therefore, 3CLpro is identified as a target for drug molecules. We have implemented an enhanced sampling method in combination with molecular dynamics and docking to bring down the computational screening search space to four molecules that could be synthesised and tested against COVID-19. Our computational method is much more robust than any other method available for drug screening e.g., docking, because of sampling of the free energy surface of the binding site of the protein (including the ligand) and use of explicit solvent. We have considered all possible interactions between all the atoms present in the protein, ligands, and water. Using high performance computing with graphical processing units we are able to perform large number of simulations within a month's time and converge to 4 most strongly bound ligands (by free energy and other scores) from a set of 17 ligands with lower docking scores. Based on our results and analysis, we claim with high confidence, that we have identified four potential ligands. Out of those, one particular ligand is the most promising candidate, based on free energy data, for further synthesis and testing against SARS-CoV-2 and might be effective for the cure of COVID-19.</p></div></div></div>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document