scholarly journals Carotenoids Overproduction in Dunaliella Sp.: Transcriptional Changes and New Insights through Lycopene β Cyclase Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Elleuch ◽  
Hajer Ben Hlima ◽  
Mohamed Barkallah ◽  
Patrick Baril ◽  
Slim Abdelkafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Dunaliella is a green microalga known for its ability to produce high levels of carotenoids under well-defined growing conditions. Molecular responses to the simultaneous effect of increasing salinity, light intensity and decrease of nitrogen availability were investigated in terms of their effect on different metabolic pathways (isoprenoids synthesis, glycolysis, carbohydrate use, etc.) by following the transcriptional regulation of enolase (ENO), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB), carotene globule protein (CGP), chloroplast-localized heat shock protein (HSP70), and chloroplast ribulose phosphate-3-epimerase (RPE) genes. The intracellular production of carotenoid was increased five times in stressed Dunaliella cells compared to those grown in an unstressed condition. At transcriptional levels, ENO implicated in glycolysis, and revealing about polysaccharides degradation, showed a two-stage response during the first 72 h. Genes directly involved in β-carotene accumulation, namely, CGP and LCYB, revealed the most important increase by about 54 and 10 folds, respectively. In silico sequence analysis, along with 3D modeling studies, were performed to identify possible posttranslational modifications of CGP and LCYB proteins. Our results described, for the first time, their probable regulation by sumoylation covalent attachment as well as the presence of expressed SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) protein in Dunaliella sp.

scholarly journals Combined Production of Astaxanthin and β-Carotene in a New Strain of the Microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 (IPPAS C-2045) Cultivated in Photobioreactor

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Konstantin Chekanov ◽  
Daniil Litvinov ◽  
Tatiana Fedorenko ◽  
Olga Chivkunova ◽  
Elena Lobakova
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Column ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Stage Scheme ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Carotenoid Synthesis ◽  
Bubble Column Photobioreactor ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids astaxanthin and β-carotene are widely used natural antioxidants. They are key components of functional food, cosmetics, drugs and animal feeding. They hold leader positions on the world carotenoid market. In current work, we characterize the new strain of the green microalga Bracteacoccus aggregatus BM5/15 and propose the method of its culturing in a bubble-column photobioreactor for simultaneous production of astaxanthin and β-carotene. Culture was monitored by light microscopy and pigment kinetics. Fatty acid profile was evaluated by tandem gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pigments were obtained by the classical two-stage scheme of autotrophic cultivation. At the first, vegetative, stage biomass accumulation occurred. Maximum specific growth rate and culture productivity at this stage were 100–200 mg∙L−1∙day−1, and 0.33 day−1, respectively. At the second, inductive, stage carotenoid synthesis was promoted. Maximal carotenoid fraction in the biomass was 2.2–2.4%. Based on chromatography data, astaxanthin and β-carotene constituted 48 and 13% of total carotenoid mass, respectively. Possible pathways of astaxanthin synthesis are proposed based on carotenoid composition. Collectively, a new strain B. aggregatus BM5/15 is a potential biotechnological source of two natural antioxidants, astaxanthin and β-carotene. The results give the rise for further works on optimization of B. aggregatus cultivation on an industrial scale.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Plasma Metabolomic Profile of Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs). Diagnostic and Biological Relevance

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2634
Author(s):  
Beatriz Soldevilla ◽  
Angeles López-López ◽  
Alberto Lens-Pardo ◽  
Carlos Carretero-Puche ◽  
Angeles Lopez-Gonzalvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Networks ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Potential Methods ◽  
Clinical Potential ◽  
First Time

Purpose: High-throughput “-omic” technologies have enabled the detailed analysis of metabolic networks in several cancers, but NETs have not been explored to date. We aim to assess the metabolomic profile of NET patients to understand metabolic deregulation in these tumors and identify novel biomarkers with clinical potential. Methods: Plasma samples from 77 NETs and 68 controls were profiled by GC−MS, CE−MS and LC−MS untargeted metabolomics. OPLS-DA was performed to evaluate metabolomic differences. Related pathways were explored using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Finally, ROC and OPLS-DA analyses were performed to select metabolites with biomarker potential. Results: We identified 155 differential compounds between NETs and controls. We have detected an increase of bile acids, sugars, oxidized lipids and oxidized products from arachidonic acid and a decrease of carnitine levels in NETs. MPA/MSEA identified 32 enriched metabolic pathways in NETs related with the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. Finally, OPLS-DA and ROC analysis revealed 48 metabolites with diagnostic potential. Conclusions: This study provides, for the first time, a comprehensive metabolic profile of NET patients and identifies a distinctive metabolic signature in plasma of potential clinical use. A reduced set of metabolites of high diagnostic accuracy has been identified. Additionally, new enriched metabolic pathways annotated may open innovative avenues of clinical research.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Profiling of a Red Seaweed Pyropia yezoensis: Insights into Biosynthetic Pathways in the Order Bangiales

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Koizumi ◽  
Naoki Takatani ◽  
Noritoki Kobayashi ◽  
Koji Mikami ◽  
Kazuo Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pyropia Yezoensis ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Red Seaweeds ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Β Carotene

Carotenoids are natural pigments that contribute to light harvesting and photo-protection in photosynthetic organisms. In this study, we analyzed the carotenoid profiles, including mono-hydroxy and epoxy-carotenoids, in the economically valuable red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis, to clarify the detailed biosynthetic and metabolic pathways in the order Bangiales. P. yezoensis contained lutein, zeaxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene, as major carotenoids in both the thallus and conchocelis stages. Monohydroxy intermediate carotenoids for the synthesis of lutein with an ε-ring from α-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3’-ol), and zeinoxanthin (β,ε-caroten-3-ol) were identified. In addition, β-cryptoxanthin, an intermediate in zeaxanthin synthesis from β-carotene, was also detected. We also identified lutein-5,6-epoxide and antheraxanthin, which are metabolic products of epoxy conversion from lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, by LC-MS and 1H-NMR. This is the first report of monohydroxy-carotenoids with an ε-ring and 5,6-epoxy-carotenoids in Bangiales. These results provide new insights into the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways of carotenoids in red seaweeds.

scholarly journals Palmitoylation as a Functional Regulator of Neurotransmitter Receptors

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Naumenko ◽  
Evgeni Ponimaskin
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Neurotransmitter Receptors ◽  
Protein Palmitoylation ◽  
Neuronal Proteins ◽  
Functional Point ◽  
Pathological Behavior ◽  
Multiple Signaling

The majority of neuronal proteins involved in cellular signaling undergo different posttranslational modifications significantly affecting their functions. One of these modifications is a covalent attachment of a 16-C palmitic acid to one or more cysteine residues (S-palmitoylation) within the target protein. Palmitoylation is a reversible modification, and repeated cycles of palmitoylation/depalmitoylation might be critically involved in the regulation of multiple signaling processes. Palmitoylation also represents a common posttranslational modification of the neurotransmitter receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LICs). From the functional point of view, palmitoylation affects a wide span of neurotransmitter receptors activities including their trafficking, sorting, stability, residence lifetime at the cell surface, endocytosis, recycling, and synaptic clustering. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the palmitoylation of neurotransmitter receptors and its role in the regulation of receptors functions as well as in the control of different kinds of physiological and pathological behavior.

Oxidative Stress and Metabolism: A Mechanistic Insight for Glyphosate Toxicology

2022 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-639
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wang ◽  
Qirong Lu ◽  
Jingchao Guo ◽  
Irma Ares ◽  
Marta Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Toxicity Mechanism ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
First Time ◽  
Exogenous Substances

Glyphosate (GLYP) is a widely used pesticide; it is considered to be a safe herbicide for animals and humans because it targets 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase. However, there has been increasing evidence that GLYP causes varying degrees of toxicity. Moreover, oxidative stress and metabolism are highly correlated with toxicity. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to the toxicity of GLYP and, for the first time, systematically summarizes the toxicity mechanism of GLYP from the perspective of oxidative stress, including GLYP-mediated oxidative damage, changes in antioxidant status, altered signaling pathways, and the regulation of oxidative stress by exogenous substances. In addition, the metabolism of GLYP is discussed, including metabolites,metabolic pathways, metabolic enzymes, and the toxicity of metabolites. This review provides new ideas for the toxicity mechanism of GLYP and proposes effective strategies for reducing its toxicity.

Carotenoids in Lichens From Tasmanian Forests

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Czeczuga ◽  
G Kantvilas
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Β Carotene

Column and thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of the following carotenoids in the thalli of 20 lichen species from Tasmanian forests: α-carotene, β-carotene, β -cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, 5-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrozeaxanthin, β -carotene epoxide, lutein epoxide, antheraxanthin,mutatoxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, α-doradexanthin, canthaxanthin and astaxanthin. 5-Hydroxy-5,6-dihydrozeaxanthin is reported for the first time in lichens. The total content of carotenoids ranged from 15.28�g-1 dry wt in Menegazzia confusa to 48.53�g-1 dry wt in Pseudocyphellaria glabra.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of the Green Alga Scenedesmus acuminatus SAG 38.81

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Astafyeva ◽  
Malik Alawi ◽  
Daniela Indenbirken ◽  
Dominik Danso ◽  
Adam Grundhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Scenedesmus Acuminatus ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Scenedesmus acuminatus, also known as Tetradesmus acuminatus, is a promising green microalga for sustainable production of microalga products, including valuable compounds such as astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lutein, polysaccharides such as β-glucan, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, we report the draft whole-genome sequence of Scenedesmus acuminatus SAG 38.81.

Development of a method to determine carotenoid composition of fresh forages

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cardinault ◽  
B. Lyan ◽  
M. Doreau ◽  
B. Chauveau ◽  
E. Rock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Carotenoid Composition ◽  
Ruminant Diets ◽  
In Series ◽  
First Time ◽  
Β Carotene

Due to the limited interest in carotenoids in ruminant diets until recently, analyses of forages are often incomplete, focusing mainly on β-carotene and lutein. Carotenoid composition of green forage from middle mountain meadow was analyzed by HPLC after extraction and elimination of chlorophylls by mild saponification. This method of analysis uses two C18 columns in series with a quaternary gradient system. Our method allowed, for the first time, the identification and quantification of several xanthophylls other than lutein (i.e., violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, epilutein) in chlorophyll-free extracts from carotenoid-rich forage. The intra-day (3.5–7.5 %) and inter-day (1.2–3.5 %) coefficients of variation are suitable for routine determination of carotenoids in green forage. This method could also be used in metabolic studies of these micronutrients in ruminants. Key words: Xanthophylls, carotenoids, fresh forage, HPLC

scholarly journals Role of Calprotectin in Withholding Zinc and Copper from Candida albicans

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique N. Besold ◽  
Benjamin A. Gilston ◽  
Jana N. Radin ◽  
Christian Ramsoomair ◽  
Edward M. Culbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nutritional Immunity ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans acquires essential metals from the host, yet the host can sequester these micronutrients through a process known as nutritional immunity. How the host withholds metals from C. albicans has been poorly understood; here we examine the role of calprotectin (CP), a transition metal binding protein. When CP depletes bioavailable Zn from the extracellular environment, C. albicans strongly upregulates ZRT1 and PRA1 for Zn import and maintains constant intracellular Zn through numerous cell divisions. We show for the first time that CP can also sequester Cu by binding Cu(II) with subpicomolar affinity. CP blocks fungal acquisition of Cu from serum and induces a Cu starvation stress response involving SOD1 and SOD3 superoxide dismutases. These transcriptional changes are mirrored when C. albicans invades kidneys in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis, although the responses to Cu and Zn limitations are temporally distinct. The Cu response progresses throughout 72 h, while the Zn response is short-lived. Notably, these stress responses were attenuated in CP null mice, but only at initial stages of infection. Thus, Zn and Cu pools are dynamic at the host-pathogen interface and CP acts early in infection to restrict metal nutrients from C. albicans.

scholarly journals Protein Modifications as Manifestations of Hyperglycemic Glucotoxicity in Diabetes and Its Complications

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. BCI.S36141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Jinzi Wu ◽  
Zhen Jin ◽  
Liang-Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Polyol Pathway ◽  
Protein Modifications ◽  
Redox Imbalance ◽  
Adp Ribosylation ◽  
Carbon Stress

Diabetes and its complications are hyperglycemic toxicity diseases. Many metabolic pathways in this array of diseases become aberrant, which is accompanied with a variety of posttranslational protein modifications that in turn reflect diabetic glucotoxicity. In this review, we summarize some of the most widely studied protein modifications in diabetes and its complications. These modifications include glycation, carbonylation, nitration, cysteine S-nitrosylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ADP-ribosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and succination. All these posttranslational modifications can be significantly attributed to oxidative stress and/or carbon stress induced by diabetic redox imbalance that is driven by activation of pathways, such as the polyol pathway and the ADP-ribosylation pathway. Exploring the nature of these modifications should facilitate our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diabetes and its associated complications.

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