scholarly journals Microbial Characteristics and Safety of Dairy Manure ComPosting for Reuse as Dairy Bedding

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Haoming Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Lei Dong ◽  
Haiyan Hu ◽  
Lu Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
Sand Bedding

Changes in bacterial community, phenotype, metabolic function, and pathogenic bacteria content in recycled manure solids (RMS) were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing, Bugbase, picrost2, and qPCR, respectively. The data from RMS bedding were compared to those of sand bedding and rice husk bedding. The results show that the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria among the manure flora of RMS after dry and wet separation, after composting, and after sun-cure storage was 74.00%, 26.03%, and 49.067%, respectively. Compared to RMS bedding, the proportion of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in sand bedding and rice husk bedding was higher. The picrust2 analyses show that the level of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis changed significantly during RMS processing. In addition, the qPCR results show that composting could effectively reduce the detection and quantification of pathogens, except Streptococcus uberis, in RMS bedding. In general, composting is an essential step to improve the safety of bedding materials in the process of fecal treatment. However, at the same time, RMS bedding may increase the risk of mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis.

scholarly journals Alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and function in patients with sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Kang ◽  
Pengtao Li ◽  
Danyang Wang ◽  
Taihao Wang ◽  
Dong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
And Function

Abstract16S rRNA sequencing of human fecal samples has been tremendously successful in identifying microbiome changes associated with both aging and disease. A number of studies have described microbial alterations corresponding to physical frailty and nursing home residence among aging individuals. A gut-muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle growth/function has been hypothesized. However, the microbiome has yet to be examined in sarcopenia. Here, we collected fecal samples of 60 healthy controls (CON) and 27 sarcopenic (Case)/possibly sarcopenic (preCase) individuals and analyzed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall reduction in microbial diversity in Case and preCase samples. The genera Lachnospira, Fusicantenibacter, Roseburia, Eubacterium, and Lachnoclostridium—known butyrate producers—were significantly less abundant in Case and preCase subjects while Lactobacillus was more abundant. Functional pathways underrepresented in Case subjects included numerous transporters and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis suggesting that protein processing and nutrient transport may be impaired. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was overrepresented in Case and PreCase subjects suggesting that sarcopenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory metagenome. These analyses demonstrate structural and functional alterations in the intestinal microbiota that may contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Compounds from Mushrooms: A Lead to Fight ESKAPEE Pathogenic Bacteria?

Planta Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violette Hamers ◽  
Clément Huguet ◽  
Mélanie Bourjot ◽  
Aurélie Urbain
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

AbstractInfectious diseases are among the greatest threats to global health in the 21st century, and one critical concern is due to antibiotic resistance developed by an increasing number of bacterial strains. New resistance mechanisms are emerging with many infections becoming more and more difficult if not impossible to treat. This growing phenomenon not only is associated with increased mortality but also with longer hospital stays and higher medical costs. For these reasons, there is an urgent need to find new antibiotics targeting pathogenic microorganisms such as ESKAPEE bacteria. Most of currently approved antibiotics are derived from microorganisms, but higher fungi could constitute an alternative and remarkable reservoir of anti-infectious compounds. For instance, pleuromutilins constitute the first class of antibiotics derived from mushrooms. However, macromycetes still represent a largely unexplored source. Publications reporting the antibacterial potential of mushroom extracts are emerging, but few purified compounds have been evaluated for their bioactivity on pathogenic bacterial strains. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile up-to-date data about natural products isolated from fruiting body fungi, which significantly inhibit the growth of ESKAPEE pathogenic bacteria. When available, data regarding modes of action and cytotoxicity, mandatory when considering a possible drug development, have been discussed in order to highlight the most promising compounds.

Do volatile solids from bedding materials increase greenhouse gas emissions for stored dairy manure?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne L Le Riche ◽  
Andrew Vanderzaag ◽  
C. Wagner-Riddle ◽  
K. E. Dunfield ◽  
Vera K Sokolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Bedding Materials

scholarly journals Influence of Tillage and Daily Manure Application on the Survival of Bacterial Pathogens Indicators in Soil and on Radish

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Entry ◽  
David L. Bjorneberg ◽  
Sheryl Verwey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
E Coli

We measuredEscherichia coli, andEnterococcussp. numbers in soil and on fresh radish (Raphanus sativusL.) at 1, 7, 14, 28, 54, and 84 days after the addition of high and low amounts of solid dairy manure in combination with chisel tillage to a 20 cm depth (deep) or roller tillage to a 10 cm depth (shallow). When the high or low amount of solid dairy manure was added to the soil,E. colipopulations in soil were higher in the 54 days following manure addition compared to the control treatment. Dairy manure addition increasedEnterococcussp. in soils compared to the control treatment for the entire 84 days sampling period. At harvest, which was 84 days after application, we did not detectE. coliin radish in rhizosphere soil or on radish roots. Addition of solid dairy manure increasedEnterococcussp. numbers in radish rhizosphere soil and on radish roots. We suggest that fresh animal manure be applied to soil at least 120 days prior to planting to allow die-off of human pathogenic bacteria and reduce the incidence of bacterial adhesion on or bacterial colonization of ready to eat vegetables.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC BACTERIA IN THE BRACKISH RIVERS FLOWING INTO THE ELTON LAKE BY HIGH-THROUGHPUT SEQUENCING

2018 ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Selivanova ◽  
Yu. A. Khlopko ◽  
N. E. Gogoleva ◽  
A. O. Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Dna Libraries ◽  
Enzymatic Lysis

Aim. To indicate potentially pathogenic bacteria in plankton of the brackish rivers flowing into the Elton Lake by high-throughput sequencing of 16S ssuRNA gene. Materials and methods. The water samples from brackish rivers Lantsug and Chernavka, flowing into the Elton Lake, were taken up in a volume of 50 ml, filtered through membrane filters (pore diameter - 0.22 pm). Total DNAwas obtained by phenol-chloroform extraction with preliminary homogenization and enzymatic lysis. DNA libraries for sequencing were created by protocol Illumina with primers to a variable V3-V4 region of 16S ssuRNA gene. Sequencing was performed on a platform MiSeq («Illumina», США). Results.There were found the phylotypes of potentially pathogenic bacteria of Proteobacteria phylum from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Campylobacteraceae, Vibrionaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Moraxellaceae, Legionellaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Campylobacteraceae, and also of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria phyla in the plankton samples of the brackish rivers. Probable source of bacterial contamination is large and small cattle. Conclusion. These data demonstrate that the continental brackish waters, along with freshwater and marine habitats perform a reservoir function to potentially pathogenic microorganisms. High-throughput sequencing can be used to screen the presence of pathogens in water.

scholarly journals Application of Freeze-Dryers of Chamber Type in the Collections of Pathogenic Microorganisms

2014 ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Chervyakova ◽  
T. V. Valova ◽  
A. V. Osin
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Long Storage

By the example of Martin Christ Epsilon 2-6D device carried out was assessment of the possibility to use freeze-dryers of the chamber type for conservation of pathogenic microorganisms collection strains. Elaborated was algorithm of lyophilisation of the III-IV pathogenicity groups bacteria, which incorporated conditions of freeze-drying and biological safety provision of this process. Indices of viability and survivability were defined for freeze-dried cells of pathogenic bacteria strains. Using thermostability test calculated were predicted timelines of storage of collection strains preparations freeze-dried in the flasks in Martin Christ Epsilon 2-6D. It was determined that in the collections of pathogenic microorganisms freeze-dryers of the chamber type could be used most prospectively for the III-IV pathogenicity groups bacteria conservation requiring mass reproduction and not intended for long storage. At the same time their application for freeze-drying of the strains of the I-II pathogenicity groups bacteria intended for a long storage, requires further adaptation of these devices as regards biological safety provision and prolongation of the shelf life.

Thermophilic anaerobic digester with ultrafilter for solids stabilization

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.H. Zitomer ◽  
T.C. Bachman ◽  
D.S. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Sintered Titanium ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Solids Separation ◽  
Sand Bedding

A thermophilic anaerobic digester with ultrafilter (TADU) for solids separation offers potential advantages of higher VS destruction, biomass retention, and pathogen removal. However, potential disadvantages include ultrafilter fouling, decreasing flux, and high VFA concentrations. In this study, a thermophilic anaerobic digester coupled to a sintered titanium, cross-flow ultrafilter was operated for over five months. Dairy manure was digested (HRT of 23 days). The filtrate VFA concentration was low (220 mg/L as HAc), average VS destruction was 49%, and a low average effluent fecal coliform concentration of 102 MPN/100 mL was observed. The low coliform value may be beneficial if dewatered biosolids are used for livestock bedding since low pathogen counts help prevent mastitis. Ultrafilter fluxes of 40–80 L/m2-hr were maintained by cleaning using caustic (3.5% NaOH) followed by water and acid (3% phosphoric acid). Sand from livestock bedding was found to damage the pump and ultrafilter. If TADU were implemented at full scale, then replacing sand bedding with dewatered biosolids should be considered.

Isolation of lactic acid bacteria from chickens that demonstrate probiotic properties of autoaggregation and coaggregation with Salmonella enteritidis

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
S Savvidou ◽  
J. Beal ◽  
P. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Live Bird

The association of salmonella infections with the consumption of poultry products and the fact that in the live bird the Salmonella carriage is mainly asyptomatic have led to a demand for finding ways of preventing infection of commercially reared poultry and product contamination (Revolledo et al., 2006). One approach is the use of probiotics. The probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria have been widely studied. Their capacity for adhesion to mucus, ability to autoaggregate and potential for coaggregation with pathogenic bacteria are potential mechanisms for providing a competitive advantage in the intestinal microbiota (Ghadban et al, 2002) and forming a barrier that prevents colonization of pathogenic microorganisms (Kos et al, 2003). In this study, a total of 53 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from the contents of the crop, caecum and small intestine, and from the mucosa of the crop, jejunum and ileum of three organically farmed chickens, were examined for autoaggregation and coaggregation with Salmonella enteritidis.

scholarly journals Chemical Extraction of Phosphorus from Dairy Manure and Utilization of Recovered Manure Solids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1725
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Szogi ◽  
Virginia H. Takata ◽  
Paul D. Shumaker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Solids Separation ◽  
Bedding Materials

Repeated land application of dairy manure can increase soil phosphorus above crop requirements because of manure’s low nitrogen (N) to phosphorus (P) ratio (N:P < 4:1). This soil P build-up can lead to off-site P transport and impairment of surface water quality. We evaluated a treatment process to extract P from manures, called Quick Wash, integrated with a double-stage solids separation system to recover coarse and fine manure solids. The Quick Wash process uses a combination of acid, base, and organic polymers to extract and recover P from manures, improving the N:P ratio of recovered manure solids (RMS). Results showed that coarse RMS could have use as bedding materials for dairy cows, and the fine acidified RMS with N:P > 10:1 can be used as a low-P organic soil amendment. A soil incubation test showed that acidified RMS stimulated N mineralization and nitrification having higher nitrate levels than untreated dairy slurry when incorporated into soil. Our results suggest that the inclusion of Quick Wash in a dairy manure management system can improve manure’s value, lowering costs of bedding material and manure hauling, and recover P for use as fertilizer while reducing the environmental impact of land spreading manure P.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT ON ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SURFACTIN FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS ON PROTOPLASTS AND SPHEROPLASTS OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
B. Chitra ◽  
A. Benno Susai Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Polluted Soil ◽  
Antibiotic Activity ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Clear Zone

Objective: The aim of this paper is to assessment on antimicrobial properties of surfactin from Bacillus subtilis on protoplasts and spheroplasts of pathogenic bacteria.Methods: Bacillus sp were isolated from the polluted soil samples and these isolates were screened for biosurfactin activity using haemolytic activity. The biosurfactant was also studied for their antibiotic activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by testing the effect of surfactin on the pathogenic microorganisms. The lytic activity of surfactant was also tested on the protoplasts and spheroplasts of the pathogens.Results: The formation of a clear zone around the colonies and the lysis of erythrocytes shows the antimicrobial and lytic activity of biosurfactants.Conclusion: The results of the current study reveal that surfactin from B. subtilis possesses significant antimicrobial and lytic activity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document