scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of a Concoction of Natural Bioactive Compounds—Mechanistic Insights

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Vani Gangwar ◽  
Amar Garg ◽  
Karan Lomore ◽  
Kalyani Korla ◽  
Shruthi S. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Redox Metabolism ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Natural bioactive compounds derived from plant-based products are known for their biological immunomodulatory activities. They possess systemic pleiotropic effects, minimal side effects, and very low toxicities. Plant-based bioactive compounds have tremendous potential as natural therapeutic entities against various disease conditions and act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-tumour, anti-allergic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. A herbal formulation extract including five biologically active compounds: Apigenin, Quercetin, Betulinic acid, Oleanolic acid, and β-Sitosterol can impart several immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we systematically present the impact of these compounds on important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, neuroinflammation, neutropenia, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle. The review corroborates the beneficial effect of these compounds and shows considerable potential to be used as a safer, more cost-effective treatment for several diseases by affecting the major nodal points of various stimulatory pathways.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Marine-Derived Robust Biological Molecules to Manage Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Leonardo Vieira Nunes ◽  
Marco Thúlio Saviatto Duarte ◽  
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira ◽  
Renato Nery Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
The Impact

Naturally occurring biological entities with extractable and tunable structural and functional characteristics, along with therapeutic attributes, are of supreme interest for strengthening the twenty-first-century biomedical settings. Irrespective of ongoing technological and clinical advancement, traditional medicinal practices to address and manage inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are inefficient and the effect of the administered therapeutic cues is limited. The reasonable immune response or invasion should also be circumvented for successful clinical translation of engineered cues as highly efficient and robust bioactive entities. In this context, research is underway worldwide, and researchers have redirected or regained their interests in valorizing the naturally occurring biological entities/resources, for example, algal biome so-called “treasure of untouched or underexploited sources”. Algal biome from the marine environment is an immense source of excellence that has also been demonstrated as a source of bioactive compounds with unique chemical, structural, and functional features. Moreover, the molecular modeling and synthesis of new drugs based on marine-derived therapeutic and biological cues can show greater efficacy and specificity for the therapeutics. Herein, an effort has been made to cover the existing literature gap on the exploitation of naturally occurring biological entities/resources to address and efficiently manage IBD. Following a brief background study, a focus was given to design characteristics, performance evaluation of engineered cues, and point-of-care IBD therapeutics of diverse bioactive compounds from the algal biome. Noteworthy potentialities of marine-derived biologically active compounds have also been spotlighted to underlying the impact role of bio-active elements with the related pathways. The current review is also focused on the applied standpoint and clinical translation of marine-derived bioactive compounds. Furthermore, a detailed overview of clinical applications and future perspectives are also given in this review.

Economic evaluation of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in combination with dexamethasone for the prevention of ‘overall’ nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy in Chinese adult patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Du ◽  
Qing Zhai ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Le Xu ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Emetogenic Chemotherapy ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Background Two pivotal Phase III trials compared the efficacy of palonosetron, ondansetron and granisetron, combined with dexamethasone, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. However, an economic evaluation of these three regimens in the real-world setting of Chinese adult patients has not been determined. Objectives To estimate, from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system, which of these frequently used strategies consisting of 0.25 mg palonosetron (0.25P), 16 mg ondansetron (Onda), and 3 mg granisetron (Gran), is the most cost-effective option in patients following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Methods A Markov decision-analytic model was developed. The health and economic outcomes of the three strategies; 0.25P, Onda, and Gran were investigated. The clinical and utility data were taken from published studies. The cost data were calculated according to current local Chinese practices. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the impact of uncertainty regarding the results. Results The base-case analysis showed that the 0.25P strategy yielded maximum health benefits compared with the other two strategies. However, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the Gran strategy was the most cost-effective approach when the willingness-to-pay threshold was not more than US$22,515/quality-adjusted life year. Moreover, palonosetron is not cost-effective in preventing ‘overall’ nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy in Chinese patients. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that, compared with palonosetron and ondansetron, 3 mg granisetron may be a cost-effective treatment option in the current Chinese healthcare setting.

scholarly journals Opioid Therapy Pharmacogenomics for Noncancer Pain: Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Costs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Ana Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Noncancer Pain ◽  
The Impact

Chronic non-cancer pain is a debilitating condition associated with high individual and societal costs. While opioid treatment for pain has been available for centuries, it is associated with high variability in outcome, and a considerable proportion of patients is unable to attain relief from symptoms while suffering adverse events and developing medication dependence. We performed a review of the efficacy of pharmacogenomic markers and their abilities to predict adverse events, dependence, and associated economic costs, focusing on two genes: OPRM1 and CYP2D6. Data sources were articles indexed by PubMed on or before August 6, 2013. Articles were first selected after review of their titles and abstracts, and full papers were read to confirm eligibility. Initially, fifty-two articles were identified. Of these, 17 were relevant to biological actions of pharmacogenomic markers and their effect on therapeutic efficacy, 16 to adverse events, 15 to opioid dependence, and eight to economic costs. In conclusion, increasing costs of opioid therapy have made the advances in pharmacogenomics an attractive solution to personalize care with unclear repercussions related to the impact on costs, morbidity, and outcomes. This intersection of pharmacoeconomics and pharmacogenomics presents a unique platform to further examine current advances in clinical medicine and their utility in cost-effective treatment of chronic pain.

The impact of microbiological tools on mathematical modelling of biological wastewater treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
P. C. Pollard ◽  
E. v. Münch ◽  
P. A. Lant ◽  
P. F. Greenfield
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Waste Treatment

Biological systems are being used to treat an increasing range of complex wastes; domestic and industrial wastewaters containing nutrients and refractory organic compounds, soil sites and groundwater contaminated by organics, and organic solid residues. These treatment processes rely on micro-organisms and, more than ever before, must deliver higher quality outcomes at higher levels of reliability to protect the environment. At the same time, pressures to deliver cost-effective treatment have increased. The challenge for these biological treatment technologies and the associated engineering is to achieve the environmental and economic goals simultaneously. Mathematical modelling is an essential component in developing a detailed understanding of such processes, as well as design guidelines and suitable operating and control strategies. This paper provides a brief summary of the development of mathematical models for biological waste treatment systems, why they have become increasingly complex and how certain microbiological tools can provide the experimental means to validate more complex segregated and structured models of biological behaviour. With a number of specific modelling examples in the field of wastewater treatment, we illustrate the potential of these modern microbiological tools and their implications for gaining an improved understanding of biological waste treatment.

scholarly journals Biological activity of humic substances in the liver of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Serova ◽  
O. Taran ◽  
O. Dyomshina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mongolian Gerbils ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Medicinal Drugs ◽  
The Impact

One important reason for non-use of medicinal drugs is their hepatotoxicity. The search for new natural biologically active substances with hepatoprotective properties and which are cost-effective is an important task today. This article presents the data on the impact of the fodder-dietary supplement Humilid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid, and Eco-Impulse on the liver of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus Milne-Edwards, 1867). Hepatomodulation of properties of humic substances in the Humilid confirmed that stimulation of the activity of the enzyme transaminase increases the total amount of protein, especially in combination with ascorbic acid. There was inhibition of accumulation of oxidized products in the cell due to activation of catalase and superoxidedismutase. Intensification of catalase is regarded as one of the important mechanisms of adaptation of the cell under the influence of xenobiotics. Addition of ascorbic acid to the solution Humilid increased the antioxidant action of its active ingredients both through its own antioxidant properties and protection of humic acids from oxidation. Formation of response in liver cells of gerbils receiving active ingredients of the drug Eco-Impulse was accompanied by an increase in the number of TBA-active products and cytochrome C, which indicates the development of oxidative stress, which is accompanied by increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes. The results indicate the hepatoprotective properties of the active ingredients of the drug Humilid, alone and in combination with ascorbic acid, and the need for correcting the concentration of the drug Eco-Impulse for use in clinical practice. 

scholarly journals GC-MS and Heavy Metal Analysis of GASCA D Herbal Formulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salihu Ibrahim ◽  
Fakhraddeen Yahya ◽  
Ibrahim gezawa ◽  
Nafisatu kabir ◽  
Abdulkadir Imam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Herbal Formulation

Gasca D herbal formulation is an antidiabetic medicine for the management of diabetes mellitus produced exclusively from natural ingredients. The level of some essential elements (Copper, chromium, Cobalt, Iron, Manganese, Nickel and zinc) and toxic (Cadmium, Arsenic, Mercury, and Lead) heavy metals were determined using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (MP-AES). The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of essential and toxic heavy metals and also identify bioactive compounds present in Gasca D herbal formulation. The result shows no traces of Lead, Mercury, Zinc, Arsenic and Zinc, Iron was found to have highest concentration 67.16 + 7.5 µg/g and Cadmium lowest concentration 0.4 + 0.03µg/g. GC-MS analysis of Gasca D herbal formulation revealed the presence of 14 biologically active compounds which include N-Formyl-beta-alanine, Paromomycin, 3,4-Altrosan, Benzamide, 1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-amine, Carbamodithioic acid, Carbonic acid, alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, Ethyl isocyanide, 2-Propanesulfinic acid, Propanamide, 2-Butenenitrile, Dicyclopropyl carbinol, Isoxazolidine, 1,5-Hexadiene 10-Azido-1-decanethiol. Conclusion: The result indicates that the mean levels of toxic metals in Gasca D herbal formulation were below WHO permissible levels. Gasca D herbal formulation also contains various bioactive compounds that can have various medicinal application which can be used for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Green Extraction Methods and Solvents on Bioactive Components of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Flowers

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Šic Žlabur ◽  
Ivanka Žutić ◽  
Sanja Radman ◽  
Maja Pleša ◽  
Mladen Brnčić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
The Impact

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) dried flowers contain a group of interesting biologically active compounds such as sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins, vitamins, phenolic acids and glucosides. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize the composition in bioactive compounds (specialized metabolites) present in water and ethanol extracts of chamomile flowers, together with monitoring the impact of different extraction techniques (conventional vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)) on the parameters under investigation. UAE treatment significantly decreased the extraction time of bioactive compounds from herbal material. Polyphenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in UAE extracts. Moreover, solvent type had a significant impact on the specialized metabolites content, while the highest vitamin C and polyphenols content were recorded in 50% ethanol (v/v) extracts. Optimization of basic extraction factors: solvent type, temperature and technique is crucial for obtaining the extracts with the highest content of specialized metabolites and antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals MODEL-BASED COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CONVENTIONAL AND INNOVATIVE CHEMO-RADIATION IN LUNG CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilda L. Bongers ◽  
Dirk de Ruysscher ◽  
Cary Oberije ◽  
Philippe Lambin ◽  
Carin A. Uyl-de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Nsclc Patients ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:Optimizing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy through advanced imaging and accelerated radiation schemes shows promising results in locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study compared the cost-effectiveness of positron emission tomography-computed tomography based isotoxic accelerated sequential chemo-radiation (SRT2) and concurrent chemo-radiation with daily low-dose cisplatin (CRT2) with standard sequential (SRT1) and concurrent chemo-radiation (CRT1).Methods:We used an externally validated mathematical model to simulate the four treatment strategies. The model was built using data from 200 NSCLC patients treated with curative sequential chemo-radiation. For concurrent strategies, data from a meta-analysis and a single study were included in the model. Costs, utilities, and resource use estimates were obtained from literature. Primary outcomes were the incremental cost-effectiveness and cost-utility ratio (ICUR) of each strategy. Scenario analyses were carried out to investigate the impact of uncertainty.Results:Total undiscounted costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for SRT1, CRT1, SRT2, and CRT2 were EUR 17,288, EUR 18,756, EUR 19,072, EUR 17,360 and QALYs 1.10, 1.15, 1.40, and 1.40, respectively. Compared with SRT1, the ICURs were EUR 38,024/QALY for CRT1, EUR 6,249/QALY for SRT2, and EUR 346/QALY for CRT2. CRT2 was highly cost-effective compared with SRT1. Moreover, CRT2 was more effective and less costly than CRT1 and SRT2. Therefore, these strategies were dominated by CRT2.Conclusion:Optimized sequential and concurrent chemo-radiation strategies are more effective and cost-effective than the current conventional sequential and concurrent strategies. Concurrent chemo-radiation with a daily low dose cisplatin regimen is the most cost-effective treatment option for locally advanced inoperable NSCLC patients.

scholarly journals The Impact of Coffee and Its Selected Bioactive Compounds on the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer In Vivo and In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał J. Bułdak ◽  
Tomasz Hejmo ◽  
Marcin Osowski ◽  
Łukasz Bułdak ◽  
Michał Kukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
The Impact

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. Coffee contains bioactive compounds that affect the human body such as caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids, trigonelline, diterpenes, and melanoidins. Some of them have demonstrated potential anticarcinogenic effects in animal models and in human cell cultures, and may play a protective role against colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the USA and other countries. Dietary patterns, as well as the consumption of beverages, may reduce the risk of CRC incidence. In this review, we focus on published epidemiological studies concerning the association of coffee consumption and the risk of development of colorectal cancer, and provide a description of selected biologically active compounds in coffee that have been investigated as potential cancer-combating compounds: Caffeine, caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and kahweol in relation to colorectal cancer progression in in vitro settings. We review the impact of these substances on proliferation, viability, invasiveness, and metastasis, as well as on susceptibility to chemo- and radiotherapy of colorectal cancer cell lines cultured in vitro.

scholarly journals Elective hospital admissions: secondary data analysis and modelling with an emphasis on policies to moderate growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-186
Author(s):  
Martin Chalkley ◽  
Barry McCormick ◽  
Robert Anderson ◽  
Maria Jose Aragon ◽  
Nazma Nessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Period Effect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Health Loss ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThe English NHS faces financial pressures that may render the growth rates of elective admissions seen between 2001/2 and 2011/12 unsustainable. A better understanding of admissions growth, and the influence of policy, are needed to minimise the impact on health gain for patients.ObjectivesThis project had several objectives: (1) to better understand the determinants of elective activity and policy to moderate growth at minimum health loss for patients; (2) to build a rich data set integrating health, practice and local area data to study general practitioner (GP) referrals and resulting admissions; (3) to predict patients whose treatment is unlikely to be cost-effective using patient-reported outcomes and to examine variation in provider performance; and (4) to study how policies that aim to reduce elective admissions may change demand for emergency care. The main drivers of elective admissions growth have increased either supply of or demand for care, and could include, for example, technical innovations or increased awareness of treatment benefits. Of the factors studied, neither system reform nor population ageing appears to be a key driver. The introduction of the prospective payment tariff ‘Payment by Results’ appears to have led to primary care trusts (PCTs) having increasingly similar lengths of stay. In deprived areas, increasing GP supply appears to moderate elective admissions. Reducing the incidence of single-handed practices tends to reduce referrals and admissions. Policies to reduce referrals are likely to reduce admissions but treatments may be particularly reduced in the lowest referring practices, in which resulting health loss may be greatest. In this model, per full-time equivalent, female and highly experienced GPs identify more patients admitted by specialists.ResultsIt appears from our studies that some patient characteristics are associated with not achieving sufficient patient gain to warrant cost-effective treatment. The introduction of independent sector treatment centres is estimated to have caused an increase in emergency activity rates at local PCTs. The explanations offered for increasing elective admissions indicate that they are manageable by health policy.ConclusionsFurther work is required to understand some of the results identified, such as whether or not high-volume Clinical Commissioning Groups are fulfilling unmet need; why some practices refer at low rates relative to admissions; why the period effect, which results from factors that equally affect all in the study at a point in time, dominates in the age–period–cohort analysis; and exactly how the emergency and elective sections of hospital treatment interact. This project relies on the analysis of secondary data. This type of research does not easily facilitate the important input of clinical experts or service users. It would be beneficial if other methods, including surveys and consultation with key stakeholders, could be incorporated into future research now that we have uncovered important questions.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.

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