scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Cognitive Frailty in Aging Hypertensive Patients in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1018
Author(s):  
Can Wang ◽  
Jiechun Zhang ◽  
Chengping Hu ◽  
Yanbo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death. Cognitive frailty is an important predictor of all-cause mortality and dementia in aging individuals. Hypertension is closely related to cognitive frailty and these two conditions often coexist in aging individuals. Few studies have explored the relationship between hypertension and cognitive frailty in the Chinese population. This study investigates the epidemiological characteristics of and factors related to cognitive frailty in aging Chinese patients with hypertension. In total, cognitive function, weakness, social support, depression and sociodemographic were assessed in 305 participants aged 60 and over. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed. The prevalence of cognitive frailty in aging Chinese hypertensive patients was 9.8% (95% CI = 6.4–13.2%). After adjusting for confounding variables, logistic regression showed that the course of hypertension (6–10 years, OR = 8.588, 95% CI = 1.608–45.859;course of more than 10 years, OR = 9.020, 95%CI = 1.854–43.892), multimorbidity (OR = 11.231, 95% CI = 2.912–43.322), depression (OR = 6.917, 95% CI = 2.424–19.738) and social support (OR = 0.187, 95% CI = 0.071–0.492) were independently associated with cognitive frailty. The prevalence of cognitive frailty in aging patients with hypertension in China should not be ignored. The course of hypertension, multimorbidity and depression are the risk factors of cognitive frailty in the aging population and a better level of social support is the protective factor for cognitive frailty.

scholarly journals Detection of Geometric Risk Factors Affecting Head-On Collisions through Multiple Logistic Regression: Improving Two-Way Rural Road Design via 21 Road Adaptation+

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6598
Author(s):  
Laura Cáceres ◽  
Miguel A. Fernández ◽  
Alfonso Gordaliza ◽  
Aquilino Molinero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Roads ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Road Design

This study aims to characterize locations on two-way rural roads where head-on crashes are more likely to occur, attending to geometric road design factors. For this purpose, a case-control study was carried out using multiple logistic regression models with variables related to road design parameters, considering several scenarios. The dataset corresponding to cases (places where crashes have occurred) was collected on Spanish “1+1” rural roads over a four-year period. The controls (places where no crashes have occurred in the period) where randomly selected through a specific ad hoc designed method. The obtained model identifies risk factors and allows the computation of the odds of a head-on collision on any specific road section: width of the pavement (when it exceeds 6 m), width of the lanes (for intermediate widths between 3.25 and 3.75 m) and tight curves (less than 250 m of radius) are identified as factors significantly increasing the odds of a crash, whereas a paved shoulder is a protective factor. The identified configurations on two-way rural roads may be susceptible to transformation into “2+1” roads to decrease the odds of a head-on crash, thus preventing possible serious injuries and enhancing transportation safety.

scholarly journals Muscle Strength Explains the Protective Effect of Physical Activity against COVID-19 Hospitalization among Adults aged 50 Years and Older

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Maltagliati ◽  
Stephen Sieber ◽  
Philippe Sarrazin ◽  
Stéphane Cullati ◽  
Aïna Chalabaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

AbstractObjectivesPhysical activity has been proposed as a protective factor for COVID-19 hospitalization. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. Here, we examined the association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalization and whether this relationship was explained by other risk factors for severe COVID-19.MethodWe used data from adults aged 50 years and older from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The outcome was self-reported hospitalization due to COVID-19 measured before August 2020. The main exposure was usual physical activity, self-reported between 2004 and 2017. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.ResultsAmong the 3139 participants included in the study (69.3 ± 8.5 years, 1763 women), 266 were tested positive for COVID-19 and 66 were hospitalized. Results showed that individuals who engaged in physical activity more than once a week had lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalization than individuals who hardly ever or never engaged in physical activity (odds ratios = 0.41, 95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.74, p = .004). This association between physical activity and COVID-19 hospitalization was explained by muscle strength, but not by other risk factors.ConclusionThese findings suggest that, after 50 years of age, engaging in physical activity more than once a week is associated with lower odds of COVID-19 hospitalization. The protective effect of physical activity on COVID-19 hospitalization is explained by muscle strength.

Abstract 17220: Risk Factors for Recurrent Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in 783 Women in California

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Punag Divanji ◽  
Gregory Nah ◽  
Ian Harris ◽  
Anu Agarwal ◽  
Nisha I Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Grand Multiparity ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Introduction: Characterized by significant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and clinical heart failure (HF), peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) has an incidence of approximately 1/2200 live births (0.04%). Prior studies estimate that approximately 25% of those with recovered LV function will have recurrent clinical PPCM during subsequent pregnancies, compared to 50% of those without recovered LV function. Specific predictors of recurrent PPCM have not been studied in cohorts with large numbers. Methods: From 2005-2011, we identified 1,872,227 pregnancies by International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) codes in the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) database, which captures over 95% of the California hospitalized population. Excluding 15,765 women with prior cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, stroke, HF, valve disease, or congenital heart disease), yielded n=1,856,462 women. Among women without prior cardiovascular disease, we identified index and subsequent pregnancies with PPCM to determine episodes of recurrent PPCM. We considered the following potential predictors of PPCM recurrence in both univariate and age-adjusted logistic regression models: age, race, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, chronic kidney disease, family history, pre-eclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, income, and insurance status. Results: In HCUP, n=783 women had pregnancies complicated by PPCM (mean age=30.8 years). Among these women, n=133 had a subsequent pregnancy (17%; mean age=28.1 years), with a mean follow-up of 4.34 years (±1.71 years). In this group of 133 subsequent pregnancies, n=14 (10.5%) were complicated by recurrent PPCM, with a mean time-to-event of 2.2 years (±1.89 years). Among the risk factors studied, the only univariate predictor of recurrent PPCM was grand multiparity, defined as ≥ 5 previous deliveries (odds ratio: 22; 95% confidence interval 4.43-118.22). The other predictors we studied were not significantly associated with recurrent PPCM in either univariate or multivariable models. Conclusion: In a large population database in California with 783 cases of PPCM over a 6-year period, 17% of women had a subsequent pregnancy, of which 10.5% had recurrent PPCM. In age-adjusted logistic regression models, grand multiparity was the only statistically significant predictor of recurrent PPCM.

scholarly journals Towards stronger antenatal care: Understanding predictors of late presentation to antenatal services and implications for obstetric risk management in Rwanda

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256415
Author(s):  
Christina N. Schmidt ◽  
Elizabeth Butrick ◽  
Sabine Musange ◽  
Nathalie Mulindahabi ◽  
Dilys Walker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Pregnancy Testing

Background Early antenatal care (ANC) reduces maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality through identification of pregnancy-related complications, yet 44% of Rwandan women present to ANC after 16 weeks gestational age (GA). The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with delayed initiation of ANC and describe differences in the obstetric risks identified at the first ANC visit (ANC-1) between women presenting early and late to care. Methods This secondary data analysis included 10,231 women presenting for ANC-1 across 18 health centers in Rwanda (May 2017-December 2018). Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed using backwards elimination to identify predictors of presentation to ANC at ≥16 and ≥24 weeks GA. Logistic regression was used to examine differences in obstetric risk factors identified at ANC-1 between women presenting before and after 16- and 24-weeks GA. Results Sixty-one percent of women presented to ANC at ≥16 weeks and 24.7% at ≥24 weeks GA, with a mean (SD) GA at presentation of 18.9 (6.9) weeks. Younger age (16 weeks: OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.75; 24 weeks: OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.85), higher parity (16 weeks: 1–4 births, OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.39, 1.72; five or more births, OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 2.17, 3.04; 24 weeks: 1–4 births, OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.78, 2.09; five or more births, OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 2.66, 3.85), lower educational attainment (16 weeks: primary, OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.86; secondary, OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.47,0.76; university, OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.70; 24 weeks: primary, OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.77; secondary, OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.63; university, OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.32) and contributing to household income (16 weeks: OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.40, 2.25; 24 weeks: OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.55) were associated with delayed ANC-1 (≥16 and ≥24 weeks GA). History of a spontaneous abortion (16 weeks: OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.84; 24 weeks: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.84), pregnancy testing (16 weeks: OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.71; 24 weeks: OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.61; 24 weeks) and residing in the same district (16 weeks: OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.08, 2.22; 24 weeks: OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.87) or catchment area (16 weeks: OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.23; 24 weeks: OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.66; 24 weeks) as the health facility were protective against delayed ANC-1. Women with a prior preterm (OR, 0.71, 95% CI, 0.53, 0.95) or low birthweight delivery (OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55, 0.95) were less likely to initiate ANC after 16 weeks. Women with no obstetric history were more likely to present after 16 weeks GA (OR, 1.18, 95% CI, 1.06, 1.32). Conclusion This study identified multiple predictors of delayed ANC-1. Focusing existing Community Health Worker outreach efforts on the populations at greatest risk of delaying care and expanding access to home pregnancy testing may improve early care attendance. While women presenting late to care were less likely to present without an identified obstetric risk factor, lower than expected rates were identified in the study population overall. Health centers may benefit from provider training and standardized screening protocols to improve identification of obstetric risk factors at ANC-1.

scholarly journals Pre-Existing Lymphopenia Increases the Risk of Hospitalization and Death after SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Riccardo Garbo ◽  
Francesca Valent ◽  
Gian Luigi Gigli ◽  
Mariarosaria Valente
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Absolute Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Limited Information

There is limited information regarding the severity of COVID-19 in immunocompromized patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study considering the period from 1 March 2020 to 31 December 2020 to determine whether previously existing lymphopenia increases the risk of hospitalization and death after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. The laboratory and hospital discharge databases of the Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale were used, and 5415 subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2 and with at least one recent absolute lymphocyte count determination before SARS-CoV-2 positivity were included. In total, 817 (15.1%) patients had severe COVID-19. Patients developing severe COVID-19 were more frequently males (44.9% of the severe COVID-19 group vs. 41.5% in the non-severe COVID-19 group; p < 0.0001) and were older (73.2 ± 13.8 vs. 58.4 ± 20.3 years; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, 29.9% of the lymphopenic patients developed severe COVID-19 vs. 14.5% of the non-lymphopenic patients (p < 0.0001). In a logistic regression model, female sex remained a protective factor (OR = 0.514, 95%CI 0.438–0.602, p < 0.0001), while age and lymphopenia remained risk factors for severe COVID-19 (OR = 1.047, 95%CI 1.042–1.053, p < 0.0001 for each additional year of age; OR = 1.715, 95%CI 1.239–2.347, p = 0.0011 for lymphopenia). This provides further information to stratify the risk of COVID-19 severity, which may be an important element in the management of immunosuppressive therapies.

scholarly journals Late Acute Kidney Injury is a Poor Prognosis Sign in Severe Burns: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo You ◽  
Zi Chen Yang ◽  
Yu Long Zhang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Yun Long Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Severe Burns ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a morbid complication and the main cause of multiple organ failure and death in severely burned patients. The objective of this study was to explore the epidemiological characteristics, the risk factors, and impact of both early and late AKIs, respectively.MethodsThis retrospective study was performed with prospectively collected data of severely burned patients from the Institute of Burn Research in Southwest Hospital during 2011-2017. AKI was diagnosed according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria (2012), and it was divided into early and late AKIs depending on its onset time (within the first 3 days or >3 days post burn). The baseline characteristics, clinical data, and outcomes of the three groups (early AKI, late AKI and non-AKI) were compared using logistic regression analysis. Mortality predictors of patients with AKI were assessed.ResultsA total of 637 patients were included in analysis. The incidence of AKI was 36.9% (early AKI 29.4%, late AKI 10.0%). The mortality of patients with AKI was 32.3% (early AKI 25.7%, late AKI 56.3%), and that of patients without AKI was 2.5%. AKI was independently associated with obviously increased mortality of severely burned patients [early AKI, OR = 12.98 (6.08-27.72); late AKI, OR = 34.02 (15.69-73.75)]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age, gender, total burn surface area (TBSA), full-thickness burns of TBSA, chronic comorbidities (hypertension or/and diabetes), hypovolemic shock of early burn, and tracheotomy were independent risk factors for both early and late AKIs. However, sepsis was only a risk factor for late AKI. Decompression escharotomy was a protective factor for both AKIs. ConclusionsAKI remains prevalent and is associated with high mortality in severely burned patients. Compared with early AKI, late AKI has a lower occurrence rate, but greater severity and worse prognosis，is a devastating complication. Late AKI is a poor prognosis sign in severe burns.

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walieh Menati ◽  
Milad Nazarzadeh ◽  
Zeinab Bidel ◽  
Morten Würtz ◽  
Rostam Menati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The City

Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers’ gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends’ medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.

scholarly journals Mental health and social support among public safety personnel

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
K D Vig ◽  
J E Mason ◽  
R N Carleton ◽  
G J G Asmundson ◽  
G S Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Public Safety Personnel ◽  
Safety Personnel

Abstract Background Social support may be a protective factor for the mental health of public safety personnel (PSP), who are frequently exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events and report substantial post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms. Research examining perceived social support and its association with PTSD and MDD in different PSP categories (e.g. firefighters, paramedics) is limited. Aims To examine differences in perceived social support across PSP and determine whether perceived social support is associated with differences in rates of MDD and PTSD. Methods We asked Canadian PSP, including correctional workers and officers, public safety communications officials, firefighters, paramedics, municipal and provincial police officers, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) officers, to complete an online anonymous survey that assessed socio-demographic information (e.g. occupation, sex, marital status, service years), social supports and symptoms of mental disorders, including PTSD and MDD. Analyses included ANOVA and logistic regression models. Results Perceived social support differed by PSP occupation. RCMP officers reported lower social support than all other PSP except paramedics. For most PSP categories, PSP who reported greater social support were less likely to screen positive for PTSD (adjusted odds ratios [AORs]: 0.90–0.93). Across all PSP categories, greater perceived social support was associated with a decreased likelihood of screening positive for MDD (AORs: 0.85–0.91). Conclusions Perceived social support differs across some PSP categories and predicts PTSD and MDD diagnostic status. Studies involving diagnostic clinical interviews, longitudinal designs and social support interventions are needed to replicate and extend our results.

scholarly journals Multiple Factor Analysis of Symptomatic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Chuanqiang Qu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Qinjian Sun ◽  
Yifeng Du
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Intracranial Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objective To discuss the correlation among intracranial arterial stenosis and its risk factors. Methods A total of 486 patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic cerebral infarction were examined using color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and transcranial doppler ultrosonography (TCD). According to the degrees of extracranial arterial stenosis, patients with mild-to-moderate extracranial stenosis were classified into group A (435 cases) while those with constant severe stenosis or occlusion were classified into group B (51 cases). The differences between the two groups of risk factors were compared, and the multi-factor logistic regression analysis of risk factors associated with moderately severe intracranial arterial stenosis was performed. Results ① The risk factors that were significantly associated with intracranial arterial stenosis included age (P = 0.034) and gender (P = 0.044). ② Intracranial artery stenosis was observed in both anterior and posterior cerebral arteries in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease respectively (P < 0.05). ③ Compared with group A, patients in group B were older (P = 0.000), with a higher proportion of men (P = 0.037), and the intracranial arterial stenosis degrees were significantly higher (P = 0.013). ④ Multi-factor logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes is a risk factor for moderately severe intracranial arterial stenosis (P < 0.05), and hyperlipidemia is a protective factor (P = 0.012). Conclusions Age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and smoking are risk factors for the distribution of intracranial arterial stenosis. The degrees of intracranial arterial stenosis are related with extracranial arterial stenosis. Diabetes is a risk factor for moderately severe intracranial arterial stenosis while hyperlipidemia is a protective factor.

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