scholarly journals MicroRNAs and Their Targetomes in Tumor-Immune Communication

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2025
Author(s):  
Sunglim Cho ◽  
Jesse W. Tai ◽  
Li-Fan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Target Identification ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Multiple Step

The development of cancer is a complex and dynamically regulated multiple-step process that involves many changes in gene expression. Over the last decade, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of short regulatory non-coding RNAs, have emerged as key molecular effectors and regulators of tumorigenesis. While aberrant expression of miRNAs or dysregulated miRNA-mediated gene regulation in tumor cells have been shown to be capable of directly promoting or inhibiting tumorigenesis, considering the well-reported role of the immune system in cancer, tumor-derived miRNAs could also impact tumor growth through regulating anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we discuss howmiRNAs can function as central mediators that influence the crosstalk between cancer and the immune system. Moreover, we also review the current progress in the development of novel experimental approaches for miRNA target identification that will facilitate our understanding of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in not only human malignancies, but also in other genetic disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Manuel Bande ◽  
Daniel Fernandez-Diaz ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Marta ◽  
Cristina Rodriguez-Vidal ◽  
Nerea Lago-Baameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
One Year ◽  
Opening Up

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adulthood. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which typically affects the liver and is usually fatal within one year. This type of cancer is heterogeneous in nature and is divided into two broad groups of tumors according to their susceptibility to develop metastasis. In the last decade, chromosomal abnormalities and the aberrant expression of several signaling pathways and oncogenes in uveal melanomas have been described. Recently, importance has been given to the association of the mentioned deregulation with the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs—such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and their contribution to the development of UM. Special attention is given to miRNAs and their regulatory role in physiopathology and their potential as biomarkers. As important agents in gene regulation, ncRNAs have a huge potential for opening up therapeutic pathways, predicting response to treatment, and anticipating patient outcome for UM.

The role of long non-coding RNAs in chromatin structure and gene regulation: variations on a theme

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Umlauf ◽  
Peter Fraser ◽  
Takashi Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Variations On A Theme

Abstract Transcriptome studies have uncovered a plethora of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in mammals. Most originate within intergenic regions of the genome and recent evidence indicates that some are involved in many different pathways that ultimately act on genome architecture and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of well-characterized long ncRNAs in gene regulation pointing to their similarities, but also their differences. We will attempt to highlight a paradoxical situation in which transcription is needed to repress entire chromosomal domains possibly through the action of ncRNAs that create nuclear environments refractory to transcription.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs as Endogenous Target Mimics and Exploration of Their Role in Low Nutrient Stress Tolerance in Plants

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Borah ◽  
Antara Das ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Arif Ali ◽  
Alison Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Endogenous Target ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research in plants has recently gained momentum taking cues from studies in animals systems. The availability of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide identification of lncRNA in several plant species. Some lncRNAs are inhibitors of microRNA expression and have a function known as target mimicry with the sequestered transcript known as an endogenous target mimic (eTM). The lncRNAs identified to date show diverse mechanisms of gene regulation, most of which remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of identified putative lncRNAs that may act as eTMs for nutrient-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants. If functionally validated, these putative lncRNAs would enhance current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in nutrient homeostasis in plants.

Dysregulation of miRNA in cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha P.
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of highly conserved tiny non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Numerous studies have shown the role of dysregulated miRNA in a variety of illnesses, including human cancer. MiRNA is dysregulated by a variety of processes, including dysregulation of miRNA synthesis, aberrant miRNA transcription, dysregulated epigenetic modification, and chromosomal abnormalities. MiRNAs that are overexpressed have been shown to influence cancer's hallmarks. Recent research has shown miRNA's potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. In this review, we discussed the synthesis and regulation of miRNA, as well as its dysregulation in human cancer and other disorders, as well as some of the therapeutic applications of miRNA.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathogenesis and the Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina R. Hadjicharalambous ◽  
Mark A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic disease characterized by excessing scarring of the lungs leading to irreversible decline in lung function. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear, although lung fibroblast and epithelial cell activation, as well as the secretion of fibrotic and inflammatory mediators, have been strongly associated with the development and progression of IPF. Significantly, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as modulators of multiple biological processes, although their function and mechanism of action in IPF is poorly understood. LncRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of several diseases and their aberrant expression has been linked to the pathophysiology of fibrosis including IPF. This review will provide an overview of this emerging role of lncRNAs in the development of IPF.

scholarly journals P2.02-017 Aberrant Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs from Pseudogene Loci Highlights Alternative Mechanisms of Cancer Gene Regulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. S2104-S2105
Author(s):  
G. Stewart ◽  
K. Enfield ◽  
V. Martinez ◽  
A. Sage ◽  
E. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cancer Gene ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

scholarly journals Noncoding RNAs in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: From Key Regulators to Clinical Players

Scientifica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fatica
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Recent Demonstration ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Recent analyses have shown that human cells transcribe almost their entire genomes, implying the existence of a huge mass of ncRNAs. At the present, microRNAs are the most investigated regulative non-coding RNAs. Several studies have demonstrated that microRNAs play a crucial role in hematopoietic differentiation and hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with specific genetic abnormalities and clinical outcome of patients with AML. In addition, since microRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, the potential of using these molecules as therapeutic targets opens up new opportunities in the future of AML therapy. The recent demonstration that other regulatory ncRNAs, in addition to microRNAs, are involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation and diseases, suggests that they may also have a biological relevance in AML. This paper will describe the role of ncRNAs in AML and discuss the expectations for the use of ncRNAs in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of AML.

scholarly journals Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinrong Lin ◽  
Xiaosong Xiang ◽  
Bing Feng ◽  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth-ranked cancer worldwide with a relatively low five-year survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs are a group of RNAs with remarkable aberrant expression which could act on multiple bioprocesses and ultimately impact upon tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer cells including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be indispensable targets in clinical target therapy to stop the growth of cancer and prolong the lifespan of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we enumerate the signaling pathways and life activities affected by long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to illustrate the role of long non-coding RNAs in the development and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Fluorinated Mannosides Inhibit Cellular Fucosylation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Pijnenborg ◽  
Emiel Rossing ◽  
Marek Noga ◽  
Willem Titulaer ◽  
Raisa Veizaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cancer Inflammation ◽  
Mannose Derivatives ◽  
Potential Therapeutics

Fucose sugars are expressed on mammalian cell membranes as part of glycoconjugates and mediates essential physiological processes. The aberrant expression of fucosylated glycans has been linked to pathologies such as cancer, inflammation, infection, and genetic disorders. Tools to modulate fucose expression on living cells are needed to elucidate the biological role of fucose sugars and the development of potential therapeutics. Herein, we report a novel class of fucosylation inhibitors directly targeting de novo GDP-fucose biosynthesis. We demonstrate that cell permeable fluorinated mannoside 1-phosphate derivatives (Fucotrim I & II) are metabolic prodrugs that are metabolized to their respective GDP-mannose derivatives and efficiently inhibit cellular fucosylation.

scholarly journals Nucleolar Proteins and Non-Coding RNAs: Roles in Renal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13126
Author(s):  
Piotr Popławski ◽  
Joanna Bogusławska ◽  
Karolina Hanusek ◽  
Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell ◽  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Nucleolar Proteins ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges

Renal cell cancer is the most frequent kidney malignancy. Most RCC cases are classified as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), characterized by high aggressiveness and poor prognosis for patients. ccRCC aggressiveness is defined by classification systems based on changes in morphology of nucleoli, the membraneless substructures of nuclei. The latter act as the sites of ribosome biogenesis as well as the hubs that trap and immobilize proteins, preventing their action in other cellular compartments. Thereby, nucleoli control cellular functioning and homeostasis. Nucleoli are also the sites of activity of multiple noncoding RNAs, including snoRNAs, IGS RNA, and miRNAs. Recent years have brought several remarkable discoveries regarding the role of nucleolar non-coding RNAs, in particular snoRNAs, in ccRCC. The expression of snoRNAs is largely dysregulated in ccRCC tumors. snoRNAs, such as SNHG1, SNHG4 and SNHG12, act as miRNA sponges, leading to aberrant expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and directly contributing to ccRCC development and progression. snoRNAs can also act without affecting miRNA functioning, by altering the expression of key oncogenic proteins such as HIF1A. snoRNAs are also potentially useful biomarkers of ccRCC progression. Here, we comprehensively discuss the role of nucleolar proteins and non-coding RNAs in ccRCC.

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