scholarly journals Circular RNA in Diseased Heart

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Bin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Made In

Heart disease remains the leading cause of death globally and leads to tremendous socio-economic burden. Despite advances in the field of cardiovascular research, novel theranostics are still in urgent need. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding aberrant protein interactions and signaling pathways in the diseased heart, but less is known regarding epigenetic regulation. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as important regulators of cardiac function and have been implicated in disease. While significant progress has been made in understanding the roles of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, the functional roles of circular RNAs are less explored. Recent studies have provided ample evidence supporting their roles in multiple physiological processes including regulating the function of the heart. Compared with other RNAs, circular RNAs exhibit higher stability and more versatile functional modes: including sponging microRNAs, scaffolding proteins, regulating transcription, and even encoding small regulatory peptides. These characteristics make circular RNAs promising candidates for the development of diagnostic tools and therapies for heart disease. In this review, we will discuss the biogenesis of circular RNAs and provide an update of their functional implications in heart disease, with an emphasis on heart failure and arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Circular RNA: metabolism, functions and interactions with proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Yi Zhou ◽  
Ze-Rong Cai ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
De-Shen Wang ◽  
Huai-Qiang Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Translational Medicine ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Ternary Complexes ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Made In

AbstractCircular RNAs (CircRNAs) are single-stranded, covalently closed RNA molecules that are ubiquitous across species ranging from viruses to mammals. Important advances have been made in the biogenesis, regulation, localization, degradation and modification of circRNAs. CircRNAs exert biological functions by acting as transcriptional regulators, microRNA (miR) sponges and protein templates. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that a group of circRNAs can serve as protein decoys, scaffolds and recruiters. However, the existing research on circRNA-protein interactions is quite limited. Hence, in this review, we briefly summarize recent progress in the metabolism and functions of circRNAs and elaborately discuss the patterns of circRNA-protein interactions, including altering interactions between proteins, tethering or sequestering proteins, recruiting proteins to chromatin, forming circRNA-protein-mRNA ternary complexes and translocating or redistributing proteins. Many discoveries have revealed that circRNAs have unique expression signatures and play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, enabling them to potentially act as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review systematically evaluates the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs, with the hope of advancing translational medicine involving circRNAs.

scholarly journals The effective function of circular RNA in colorectal cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandana Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Melika Ameli-Mojarad ◽  
Mahrooyeh Hadizadeh ◽  
Chris Young ◽  
Hosna Babini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Colorectal Tumorigenesis ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Mirna Sponges ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.

scholarly journals CircITCH: A Circular RNA With Eminent Roles in the Carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Tayyebeh Khoshbakht ◽  
Mohammad Taheri ◽  
Elena Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Ubiquitin Protein Ligase ◽  
Single Study ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of long non-coding RNAs with enclosed structure generated by back-splicing events. Numerous members of these transcripts have been shown to affect carcinogenesis. Circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circITCH) is a circRNA created from back splicing events in ITCH gene, a protein coding gene on 20q11.22 region. ITCH has a role as a catalyzer for ubiquitination through both proteolytic and non-proteolytic routes. CircITCH is involved in the pathetiology of cancers through regulation of the linear isoform as well as serving as sponge for several microRNAs, namely miR-17, miR-224, miR-214, miR-93-5p, miR-22, miR-7, miR-106a, miR-10a, miR-145, miR-421, miR-224-5p, miR-197 and miR-199a-5p. CircITCH is also involved in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin and PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathways. Except from a single study in osteosarcoma, circITCH has been found to exert tumor suppressor role in diverse cancers. In the present manuscript, we provided a comprehensive review of investigations that reported function of circITCH in the carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Identification and integrated analysis of neuropathic pain-related circular RNA signature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Zhimin Zhou ◽  
Junping Bao ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
Yuanbin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Gene Expression Omnibus ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Microarray Datasets ◽  
Competitive Endogenous Rna

Abstract Background: More and more evidences show that non-coding RNAs are involved in neuropathic pain, however, there are few reports on the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study is to explore the possible molecular mechanisms of neuropathic pain. Methods: We collected neuropathic pain-related microarray datasets providing expression profile of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and mRNAs from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and then performed bioinformatics analysis on them. Results: The present study has identified that up-regulated circRNAs primarily regulate the activity of focal adhesion-associated biological processes and down-regulated primarily regulate the activity of metabolic-associated biological processes by means of ceRNAs. Conclusions: Our data suggest that circRNAs may be candidates for pathogenesis in neuropathic pain and may be considered as promising therapeutic targets in the future.

scholarly journals Circular RNA Foxo3: A Promising Cancer-Associated Biomarker

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Yang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Feng Zhao ◽  
Liuhua Zhou ◽  
Ruipeng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Downstream Gene Expression

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of novel non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Emerging evidence demonstrates that circRNAs play crucial roles in many biological processes by regulating linear RNA transcription, downstream gene expression and protein or peptide translation. Meanwhile, recent studies have suggested that circRNAs have the potential to be oncogenic or anti-oncogenic and play vital regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Circular RNA Forkhead box O3 (circ-Foxo3, hsa_circ_0006404) is encoded by the human FOXO3 gene and is one of the most studied circular RNAs acting as a sponge for potential microRNAs (miRNAs) (Du et al., 2016). Previous studies have reported that circ-Foxo3 is involved in the development and tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers (bladder, gastric, acute lymphocytic leukemia, glioma, etc.). In this review, we summarize the current studies concerning circ-Foxo3 deregulation and the correlative mechanism in various human cancers. We also point out the potential clinical applications of this circRNA as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals Pioneers and champions for the little hearts: A history of pediatric cardiology in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Poonam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Pediatric Cardiology ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Robert Gross ◽  
Made In

Heart disease in a child requires complex set of expertise as physiology and challenges presented in pediatric cardiology are much different from adult cardiology. In preclinical era of renaissance, children and adults were examined by the same physician. At the outset of 20th century, the need for a special center for children with heart disease was identified as several authors began to add specific sections devoted to congenital heart disease in books of anatomy and pediatrics. A major milestone was reached when Helen Taussig, in charge of cardiac clinic in Harriet Lane Hospital, Baltimore, USA, established pediatric cardiology center for the first time. Pediatric cardiology gained further prominence in 1938 when Robert Gross successfully ligated the patent ductus arteriosus in a seven year old girl. The first successful creation of systemic to pulmonary shunt by Blalock and Taussig in 1944 boldly introduced surgical interventions. The field of pediatric cardiology has been making remarkable developments, with dramatic improvements in diagnostic tools, and with cardiac surgeons constantly pushing the envelope, culminating in being first subspecialty board of pediatrics in USA in 1961. These developments have changed the outlook of cardiac diseases in children and instilled hope for cure in previously untreatable disorders. Interestingly, advances made in pediatric cardiology have provided

scholarly journals Transcriptome-wide profiles of circular RNA and RNA binding protein interactions reveal effects on circular RNA biogenesis and cancer pathway expression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trine Line Hauge Okholm ◽  
Shashank Sathe ◽  
Samuel S. Park ◽  
Andreas Bjerregaard Kamstrup ◽  
Asta Mannstaedt Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Cancer Genes

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable, often highly expressed RNA transcripts with potential to modulate other regulatory RNAs. A few circRNAs have been shown to bind RNA binding proteins (RBPs), however, little is known about the prevalence and strength of these interactions in different biological contexts. Here, we comprehensively evaluate the interplay between circRNAs and RBPs in the ENCODE cell lines, HepG2 and K562, by profiling the expression of circRNAs in fractionated total RNA-sequencing samples and analyzing binding sites of 150 RBPs in large eCLIP data sets. We show that KHSRP binding sites are enriched in flanking introns of circRNAs in both HepG2 and K562 cells, and that KHSRP depletion affects circRNA biogenesis. Additionally, we show that exons forming circRNAs are generally enriched with RBP binding sites compared to non-circularizing exons. To detect individual circRNAs with regulatory potency, we computationally identify circRNAs that are highly covered by RBP binding sites and experimentally validate circRNA-RBP interactions by RNA immunoprecipitations. We characterize circCDYL, a highly expressed circRNA with clinical and functional implications in bladder cancer, which is covered with GRWD1 binding sites. We confirm that circCDYL binds GRWD1 in vivo and functionally characterizes the effect of circCDYL-GRWD1 interactions on target genes in HepG2. Furthermore, we confirm interactions between circCDYL and RBPs in bladder cancer cells and demonstrate that circCDYL depletion affects hallmarks of cancer and perturbs the expression of key cancer genes, e.g. TP53 and MYC. Finally, we show that elevated levels of highly RBP-covered circRNAs, including circCDYL, are associated with overall survival of bladder cancer patients. Our study demonstrates transcriptome-wide and cell-type-specific circRNA-RBP interactions that could play important regulatory roles in tumorigenesis.

Circular RNA and Diabetes: Epigenetic Regulator with Diagnostic Role

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Shabnam Radbakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Hashem Khanbabaei ◽  
Amirhosein Davoodvandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Microrna Sponge ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Circular RNAs, a group of endogenous non-coding RNAs, are characterized by covalently closed cyclic structures with no poly-adenylated tails. It has been recently recommended that cirRNAs have an essential role in regulating genes expression by functioning as a translational regulator, RNA binding protein sponge and microRNA sponge. Due to their close relation to the progression of various diseases such as diabetes, circRNAs have become a research hotspot. A number of circRNAs (i.e., circRNA_0054633, circHIPK3, circANKRD36, and circRNA11783-2) have been shown to be associated with initiation and progression of diabetes. Based on reports, in a tissue, some circRNAs are expressed in a developmental stage-specific manner. In this study, we reviewed research on circular RNAs involved in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of diabetes and their prognostic roles.

scholarly journals Advances in Computational Methodologies for Classification and Sub-Cellular Locality Prediction of Non-Coding RNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8719
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nabeel Asim ◽  
Muhammad Ali Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Imran Malik ◽  
Andreas Dengel ◽  
Sheraz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Apart from protein-coding Ribonucleic acids (RNAs), there exists a variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which regulate complex cellular and molecular processes. High-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches have largely promoted the exploration of ncRNAs which revealed their crucial roles in gene regulation, miRNA binding, protein interactions, and splicing. Furthermore, ncRNAs are involved in the development of complicated diseases like cancer. Categorization of ncRNAs is essential to understand the mechanisms of diseases and to develop effective treatments. Sub-cellular localization information of ncRNAs demystifies diverse functionalities of ncRNAs. To date, several computational methodologies have been proposed to precisely identify the class as well as sub-cellular localization patterns of RNAs). This paper discusses different types of ncRNAs, reviews computational approaches proposed in the last 10 years to distinguish coding-RNA from ncRNA, to identify sub-types of ncRNAs such as piwi-associated RNA, micro RNA, long ncRNA, and circular RNA, and to determine sub-cellular localization of distinct ncRNAs and RNAs. Furthermore, it summarizes diverse ncRNA classification and sub-cellular localization determination datasets along with benchmark performance to aid the development and evaluation of novel computational methodologies. It identifies research gaps, heterogeneity, and challenges in the development of computational approaches for RNA sequence analysis. We consider that our expert analysis will assist Artificial Intelligence researchers with knowing state-of-the-art performance, model selection for various tasks on one platform, dominantly used sequence descriptors, neural architectures, and interpreting inter-species and intra-species performance deviation.

scholarly journals Circular and long non-coding RNAs and their role in ophthalmologic diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wawrzyniak ◽  
Żaneta Zarębska ◽  
Katarzyna Rolle ◽  
Anna Gotz-Więckowska
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

Long non-coding RNAs are >200-nucleotide-long RNA molecules which lack or have limited protein-coding potential. They can regulate protein formation through several different mechanisms. Similarly, circular RNAs are reported to play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Changes in the expression pattern of these molecules are known to underlie various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological and immunological disorders (Rinn & Chang, 2012; Sun & Kraus, 2015). Recent studies suggest that they are differentially expressed both in healthy ocular tissues as well as in eye pathologies, such as neovascularization, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, glaucoma, cataract, ocular malignancy or even strabismus (Li et al., 2016). Aetiology of ocular diseases is multifactorial and combines genetic and environmental factors, including epigenetic and non-coding RNAs. In addition, disorders like diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration lack biomarkers for early detection as well as effective treatment methods that would allow controlling the disease progression at its early stages. The newly discovered non-coding RNAs seem to be the ideal candidates for novel molecular markers and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about gene expression regulators – long non-coding and circular RNA molecules in eye diseases.

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