scholarly journals Optically Rewritable Liquid Crystal Displays: Characteristics and Performance

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Chigrinov ◽  
Aleksey A. Kudreyko ◽  
Fedor V. Podgornov
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rotational Diffusion ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Reflectance Coefficient ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Paper Device ◽  
Electronic Paper ◽  
And Performance

Recent achievements in the photoalignment technique for fabrication of optically rewritable electronic paper with high performance characteristics are surveyed with emphasis on temporal constraints on the exposure process. The possibility of creating electrode-free electronic paper has very important practical aspects. However, many existing studies do not include sufficient analysis on how to achieve acceptable reflective characteristics within short exposure time. In order to achieve this goal, we have applied the rotational diffusion model. We find that the parameters of the diffusion model can be adjusted to get acceptable light-reflecting characteristics within 10 s of exposure. In comparison with the long-time exposure, the reflectance coefficient reduces by 24%. The route to material improvements for optimized e-paper device is discussed.

Cost Breakdown of 2.5D and 3D Packaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000324-000341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Palesko ◽  
Amy Palesko
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
High Price ◽  
Future Cost ◽  
The Future ◽  
3D Packaging ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

2.5D and 3D packaging can provide significant size and performance advantages over other packaging technologies. However, these advantages usually come at a high price. Since 2.5D and 3D packaging costs are significant, today they are only used if no other option can meet the product requirements, and most of these applications are relatively low volume. Products such as high end FPGAs, high performance GPUs, and high bandwidth memory are great applications but none have volume requirements close to mobile phones or tablets. Without the benefit of volume production, the cost of 2.5D and 3D packaging could stay high for a long time. In this paper, we will provide cost model results of a complete 2.5D and 3D manufacturing process. Each manufacturing activity will be included and the key cost drivers will be analyzed regarding future cost reductions. Expensive activities that are well down the learning curve (RDL creation, CMP, etc.) will probably not change much in the future. However, expensive activities that are new to this process (DRIE, temporary bond/debond, etc.) provide good opportunities for cost reduction. A variety of scenarios will be included to understand how design characteristics impact the cost. Understanding how and why the dominant cost components will change over time is critical to accurately predicting the future cost of 2.5D and 3D packaging.

A System Level Analysis of the Framework and Feasibility for Dual Air and Road Mode Vehicle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Jetti ◽  
Vahid Motevalli
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Population ◽  
System Level ◽  
Dual Mode ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Us ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Security Procedures

The dual mode air-road vehicle is one of those concepts that have intrigued travelers and inventors for a long time. The quest for a vehicle that can be driven on the roads and flown in the sky started as early as the development of airplane by Wright brothers in 1906. With the ever growing traffic and congestion on the roads, increased security procedures at airports and airline hub-spoke system, the travel times for certain range of distances have increased in recent times creating a need for a dual mode vehicle. In the US, for the mid-range distances (200–500 mile), travel options available are limited for other than large population centers. Transportation by train or bus is often limited and involves multi-stops between desired destinations. Therefore, the mid-range travel is more likely accomplished by a car or an airline or sometimes both. Travel by car or airline for this ranged can consumes considerable time because of road, airport and air traffic congestions, security procedures and wait times. A survey published in 2004 by Bureau of Transportation Statistics [1] reveals that 200–500 mile trips account for about 31.8% of the total trips taken in the US. With the premise that a dual mode vehicle could be a potential solution for mid-range travel, particularly around a 300 mile distance, the present work aims at establishing a frame-work and performance envelope for this type vehicle, In other words, the roadable aircraft or the flying car. These vehicles are neither a high performance car nor a high performance aircraft. They are vehicles that have the capability to be driven on the roads and flown in the sky. The present study focuses on identifying the technical, operational and acceptability challenges that have to be overcome to build a dual mode vehicle. This paper also covers some preliminary design aspects like power-fuel requirements, wing-airfoil parameters and an approach to address the road mode issues arising due to the wing.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Multiple phase transitions investigated by high-speed TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Oleg Bostanjoglo ◽  
Peter Thomsen-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Semiconductor Film ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Model Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Image

Thin GexTe1-x (x = 0.15-0.8) were studied as a model substance of a composite semiconductor film, in addition being of interest for optical storage material. Two complementary modes of time-resolved TEM were used to trace the phase transitions, induced by an attached Q-switched (50 ns FWHM) and frequency doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser. The laser radiation was focused onto the specimen within the TEM to a 20 μm spot (FWHM). Discrete intermediate states were visualized by short-exposure time doubleframe imaging /1,2/. The full history of a transformation was gained by tracking the electron image intensity with photomultiplier and storage oscilloscopes (space/time resolution 100 nm/3 ns) /3/. In order to avoid radiation damage by the probing electron beam to detector and specimen, the beam is pulsed in this continuous mode of time-resolved TEM,too.Short events ( <2 μs) are followed by illuminating with an extended single electron pulse (fig. 1c)

EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC FACILITY IN KATSINA- NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-729
Author(s):  
Usman Sani ◽  
Bashir Gide Muhammad ◽  
Dimas Skam Joseph ◽  
D. Z. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Poor implementation of quality assurance programs in the radiation industry has been a major setback in our locality. Several studies revealed that occupational workers are exposed to many potential hazards of ionizing radiation during radio-diagnostic procedures, yet radiation workers are often not monitored. This study aims to evaluate the occupational exposure of the radiation workers in Federal Medical Centre Katsina, and to compare the exposure with recommended occupational radiation dose limits. The quarterly readings of 20 thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs') used by the radiation workers from January to December, 2019 were collected from the facility's radiation monitoring archive, and subsequently assessed and analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual equivalent dose per occupational worker range from 0.74 to 1.20 mSv and 1.28 to 2.21 mSv for skin surface and deep skin dose, measured at 10 mm and 0.07 mm tissue depth respectively. The occupational dose was within the recommended national and international limits of 5 mSv per annum or an average of 20 mSv in 5 years. Therefore, there was no significant radiation exposure to all the occupational workers in the study area. Though, the occupational radiation dose is within recommended limit, this does not eliminate stochastic effect of radiation. The study recommended that the occupational workers should adhere and strictly comply with the principles of radiation protection which includes distance, short exposure time, shielding and proper monitoring of dose limits. Furthermore, continuous training of the radiation workers is advised.

The 14th Annual AMSE Conference

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Mozaffar Partowmah
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Electronic Engineering ◽  
Student Paper ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Sizable Number

The 14th Annual Conferknce of the Association of Muslim Scientistsand Engineers (ASME) was held during the weekend of qufur 2628,1409/0ctober 7-9, 1988, at the Islamic Center of North America in Plainfield,Indiana. Papers presented at the Conference dealt with a variety of subjectsranging from agriculture and health sciences to car manufacturing tips,computers, industrial, civil and electronic engineering, as well as resourcemanagement and organizational behavior.Members of the AMSS (Association of Muslim Social Scientists) whoattended the AMSE Conference, participated in the sessions with undividedattention. Dr. AbdulHamid AbuSulayman, the AMSS President, in his banquetspeech, stressed the need for an active AMSE that will eventually attracta more sizable number of Muslims in North America and coordinate theirscientific efforts for their common benefit.In a session entitled “Technology Transfer,” the Japanese and Koreanapproaches were contrasted with the Muslim world approach. A highlightof the Conference was the announcement of the A1 Khwarazmi Award thatthe AMSE will award annually to a distinguished Muslim scientist or engineer.The first Al Khwarazmi Award went to Dr. M.A.K. Lodhi of Texas A&MUniversity in appreciation of his continuous support for Muslim studentsand his long-time involvement in the AMSE in addition to his scientific interestand achievements in nuclear physics and field theory.The Best Student Paper Award went to the following: 1) Abdullah M.Elramsisi of Rochester Hill, Michigan for his paper “On Model-based ImageRestoration and Performance Evaluation;” and 2) Khatib Rajab of Morgantown,West Virginia for his paper on “Agricultural Research Needs and Prioritiesin Zanzibar as perceived by Administrators and Extension Workers.”Copies of all of the presented papers were distributed at the Conferenceand will be ppblished in the conference proceedings. Preprints and reprintsmay be obtained by writing to the AMSE office at P.O. Box 38, Plainfield,Indianna, 46168 ...

https://imsciences.edu.pk/files/journals/vol12_2/New%201%20MA.864.pdf

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Siddique ◽  
Shandana Shoaib ◽  
Zahoor Jan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Relational Coordination ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
And Performance ◽  
High Level

A key aspect of work processes in service sector firms is the interconnection between tasks and performance. Relational coordination can play an important role in addressing the issues of coordinating organizational activities due to high level of interdependence complexity in service sector firms. Research has primarily supported the aspect that well devised high performance work systems (HPWS) can intensify organizational performance. There is a growing debate, however, with regard to understanding the “mechanism” linking HPWS and performance outcomes. Using relational coordination theory, this study examines a model that examine the effects of subsets of HPWS, such as motivation, skills and opportunity enhancing HR practices on relational coordination among employees working in reciprocal interdependent job settings. Data were gathered from multiple sources including managers and employees at individual, functional and unit levels to know their understanding in relation to HPWS and relational coordination (RC) in 218 bank branches in Pakistan. Data analysis via structural equation modelling, results suggest that HPWS predicted RC among officers at the unit level. The findings of the study have contributions to both, theory and practice.

scholarly journals Study on strong spinning preparation method and mechanism of the industrial pure titanium ultrafine crystallization

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501989525
Author(s):  
Yu Yang ◽  
Yanyan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Material Utilization

Ultrafine crystallization of industrial pure titanium allowed for higher tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability and is therefore widely used in medical instrumentation, aerospace, and passenger vehicle manufacturing. However, the ultrafine crystallizing batch preparation of tubular industrial pure titanium is limited by the development of the spinning process and has remained at the theoretical research stage. In this article, the tubular TA2 industrial pure titanium was taken as the research object, and the ultrafine crystal forming process based on “5-pass strong spin-heat treatment-3 pass-spreading-heat treatment” was proposed. Based on the spinning process test, the ultimate thinning rate of the method is explored and the evolution of the surface microstructure was analyzed by metallographic microscope. The research suggests that the multi-pass, medium–small, and thinning amount of spinning causes the grain structure to be elongated in the axial and tangential directions, and then refined, and the axial fiber uniformity is improved. The research results have certain scientific significance for reducing the consumption of high-performance metals improving material utilization and performance, which also promote the development of ultrafine-grain metals’ preparation technology.

scholarly journals On Performance of Sparse Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms Using the Aliasing Filter

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Zhikang Jiang ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Binary Tree Search ◽  
The One ◽  
Sparse Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
L1 And L2

Computing the sparse fast Fourier transform (sFFT) has emerged as a critical topic for a long time because of its high efficiency and wide practicability. More than twenty different sFFT algorithms compute discrete Fourier transform (DFT) by their unique methods so far. In order to use them properly, the urgent topic of great concern is how to analyze and evaluate the performance of these algorithms in theory and practice. This paper mainly discusses the technology and performance of sFFT algorithms using the aliasing filter. In the first part, the paper introduces the three frameworks: the one-shot framework based on the compressed sensing (CS) solver, the peeling framework based on the bipartite graph and the iterative framework based on the binary tree search. Then, we obtain the conclusion of the performance of six corresponding algorithms: the sFFT-DT1.0, sFFT-DT2.0, sFFT-DT3.0, FFAST, R-FFAST, and DSFFT algorithms in theory. In the second part, we make two categories of experiments for computing the signals of different SNRs, different lengths, and different sparsities by a standard testing platform and record the run time, the percentage of the signal sampled, and the L0, L1, and L2 errors both in the exactly sparse case and the general sparse case. The results of these performance analyses are our guide to optimize these algorithms and use them selectively.

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