scholarly journals Stepwise Current Increment Sintering of Silver Nanoparticle Structures

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Dongkeun Kim ◽  
Arif Hussain ◽  
Hee-Lak Lee ◽  
Yoon-Jae Moon ◽  
Junyoung Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Process Temperature ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Rapid Sintering ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sintering Method

Owing to its unique properties, silver (Ag) in the form of nanoparticle (NP) ink promises to play a vital role in the development of printed and flexible electronics. Once printed, metal NP inks require a thermal treatment process called sintering to render them conductive. Among the various methods, electrical sintering is a highly selective and rapid sintering method. Here, we studied the electrical sintering of inkjet-printed Ag NP lines via a stepwise current increment sintering (SCIS) technique. In the SCIS technique, the supplied electric current was gradually increased in multiple steps from low electric currents to higher electric currents to avoid thermal damage to the printed Ag NP ink lines. In less than 0.15 s, a line resistivity as low as 6.8 μΩcm was obtained which was comparable with furnace sintered line resistivity of 6.13 μΩcm obtained at 250 °C in 600 s. Furthermore, a numerical model was developed for the SCIS process temperature estimation. The results enabled us to elaborate on the relationship between the Ag NP line resistivity and the process temperature under various electric currents. Under the applied SCIS technique, a stable sintering process was carried out avoiding the conductive ink line and substrate damage.

scholarly journals Rapid sintering of TiB2 ceramics using Co as sintering aid under high pressure condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Hu ◽  
Ning Bi ◽  
Mingming Liu ◽  
Guangjin Gao ◽  
Shangsheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sintering Aid ◽  
High Pressure Sintering ◽  
Rapid Sintering ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Sintering Method ◽  
New Phase

AbstractThe improved TiB2 ceramics were obtained in sintering process at the pressure of 5.5 GPa and temperature of 1550 °C in presence of metallic Co powder. The effect of Co content (ranging from 0 wt.% to 10.0 wt.%) on the phase composition, density, microstructure, Vickers hardness and thermal conductivity of TiB2 ceramics was analyzed. A small amount of new phase Co2B has been created in the reaction of TiB2 and Co. The relative density of sintered TiB2 ceramics reached 98.1 %. When the mass fraction of Co increased, the porosity increased, while the hardness first increased and then decreased. The maximal Vickers hardness values were equal to 33.3 GPa or 28.2 GPa when the used load was of 4.9 N or 9.8 N, respectively. The highest reached value of thermal conductivity was 88.9 W˙m−1 ˙K−1. The dense TiB2 ceramics with improved hardness and thermal conductivity were ascribed to the high pressure sintering method and Co sintering aid. High pressure sintering method provides a new way for the preparation of ceramics materials.

Examining the Kinships System of the Bodo

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Dr. Oinam Ranjit Singh ◽  
Dr. Nushar Bargayary
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

The Bodo of the North Eastern region of India have their own kinship system to maintain social relationship since ancient periods. Kinship is the expression of social relationship. Kinship may be defined as connection or relationships between persons based on marriage or blood. In each and every society of the world, social relationship is considered to be the more important than the biological bond. The relationship is not socially recognized, it fall outside the realm of kinship. Since kinship is considered as universal, it plays a vital role in the socialization of individuals and the maintenance of social cohesion of the group. Thus, kinship is considered to be the study of the sum total of these relations. The kinship of the Bodo is bilateral. The kin related through the father is known as Bahagi in Bodo whereas the kin to the mother is called Kurma. The nature of social relationships, the kinship terms, kinship behaviours and prescriptive and proscriptive rules are the important themes of the present study.

scholarly journals Research on the Ignition Height and Reaction Flame Temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with Different Mass Ratios of PTFE/Si

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Xuan Zou ◽  
Jingyuan Zhou ◽  
Xianwen Ran ◽  
Yiting Wu ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Release Capacity ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that the energy release capacity of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/Al with Si, and CuO, respectively, is higher than that of PTFE/Al. PTFE/Al/Si/CuO reactive materials with four proportions of PTFE/Si were designed by the molding–sintering process to study the influence of different PTFE/Si mass ratios on energy release. A drop hammer was selected for igniting the specimens, and the high-speed camera and spectrometer systems were used to record the energy release process and the flame spectrum, respectively. The ignition height of the reactive material was obtained by fitting the relationship between the flame duration and the drop height. It was found that the ignition height of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is 48.27 cm, which is the lowest compared to the ignition height of other Si/PTFE ratios of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO; the flame temperature was calculated from the flame spectrum. It was found that flame temperature changes little for the same reactive material at different drop heights. Compared with the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with four mass ratios, it was found that the flame temperature of PTFE/Al/Si/CuO with 20% PTFE/Si is the highest, which is 2589 K. The results show that PTFE/Al/Si/CuO containing 20% PTFE/Si is easier to be ignited and has a stronger temperature destruction effect.

Printable and Recyclable Conductive Ink Based on a Liquid Metal with Excellent Surface Wettability for Flexible Electronics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 7443-7452
Author(s):  
Jianyu Xu ◽  
Hongda Guo ◽  
Hongyao Ding ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Ziqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Surface Wettability ◽  
Conductive Ink

scholarly journals The Diffusion Mechanism of Megaproject Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Institutional Isomorphism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8123
Author(s):  
Delei Yang ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Qingbin Cui ◽  
Qinghua He ◽  
Xian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mimetic Isomorphism

Megaproject citizenship behavior (MCB) has been confirmed to a play vital role on megaproject performance. Although current research has argued that institution elements have had an impact on MCB diffusion, limited studies have empirically investigated the distinct effectiveness of various institution elements on driving MCB’s widespread diffusion in construction megaprojects. Based on institution theory, this study proposes a theoretical model comprising institutional elements (i.e., normative and mimetic isomorphism), owner’s support, relationship-based trust, and their effect or impact on MCB’s diffusion. Based on 171 industrial questionnaires collected from managers of contractors and designers in megaprojects. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate the established model. The results indicated that both normative and mimetic isomorphism have positive effects on facilitating MCB diffusion, and owner’s support has shown partial mediation in promoting MCB diffusion through normative isomorphism, as well as full mediation in the promoting of MCB diffusion through mimetic isomorphism. Meanwhile, relationship-based trust exerts a positive moderating effect on the relationship between mimetic isomorphism and MCB. This study extends current literature on driving MCB diffusion from the perspective of institutional theory, contributing by providing four implications for megaprojects managers to “buy in” more extensive MCB.

Preparation of Conductive Nanosilver Ink and its Application on RFID Tags

2014 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Lan Fu ◽  
Ya Ling Li ◽  
Li Xin Mo ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Jun Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Screen Printing ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
New Type

The recent dramatic progress in the printed electronics and flexible electronics, due to the universality of the substrates including the foldable and stretchable substrates, has opened a new prospect in the field of future electronics. In this paper, silver nanospheres in large-scale are synthesized, the nanosilver ink with 63.88% silver content are prepared and a new type of highly conductive and far identify distance RFID tags are manufactured. Especially there are no resin and other additives containing in our conductive ink which satisfy the rheological characteristics and process of screen printing. The tags exhibit the best radiation performance own to there is no high temperature sintering in need. The surface resistance of the tags could be 80 mΩ/, and the identify distance reach to 6.0m. Keywords:silver nanoparticles, conductive ink, RFID tags

The relationship between performance appraisal system and employees' voice behavior through the mediation-moderation mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Rasheed Memon ◽  
Bilqees Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Empowering Leadership ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Appraisal System ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate and articulate the performance appraisal process as a tool, used for the development of voice behavior through the fostering of trustworthiness and empowering culture in the organization.Design/methodology/approachData has been collected through survey instruments, filled by employees and their coworkers. The study proposes and tests a new model based on the relationship between performance appraisal and voice behavior through the moderation-mediation mechanism. Data analysis has been performed using SEM through SMART PLS 3.FindingsResults show that a strong and positive relationship exists between performance appraisal and voice behavior through the mediating variable of psychological empowerment. The moderators, empowering leadership and perceived fairness have played vital role in boosting psychological empowerment and strengthening the relationship with performance appraisal.Research limitations/implicationsThe study presents the performance appraisal system as one of the antecedents of employees' voice behavior generated through psychological empowerment (mediator) and perceived fairness and empowering leadership (moderators) since the appraisal system is to be implemented through the leader.Originality/valueThe study presents a unique and innovative idea while it tries to explore and measure the different effects/impacts of the relationship between performance appraisal and voice behavior.

Preparation and application of water-based nano-silver conductive ink in paper-based 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenfei Zhao ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Lini Lu
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Sintering Time ◽  
Water Based

Purpose In flexible electronics applications, organic inks are mostly used for inkjet printing. Three-dimensional (3 D) printing technology has the advantages of low cost, high speed and good precision in modern electronic printing. The purpose of this study is to solve the high cost of traditional printing and the pollution emissions of organic ink. It is necessary to develop a water-based conductive ink that is easily degradable and can be 3 D printed. A nano-silver ink printed circuit pattern with high precision, high conductivity and good mechanical properties is a promising strategy. Design/methodology/approach The researched nano-silver conductive ink is mainly composed of silver nanoparticles and resin. The effect of adding methyl cellulose on the ink was also explored. A simple 3 D circuit pattern was printed on photographic paper. The line width, line length, line thickness and conductivity of the printed circuit were tested. The influence of sintering temperature and sintering time on pattern resistivity was studied. The relationship between circuit pattern bending performance and electrical conductivity is analyzed. Findings The experimental results show that the ink has the characteristics of low silver content and good environmental protection effect. The printing feasibility of 3 D printing circuit patterns on paper substrates was confirmed. The best printing temperature is 160°C–180°C, and the best sintering time is 30 min. The circuit pattern can be folded 120°, and the cycle is folded more than 60 times. The minimum resistivity of the circuit pattern is 6.07 µΩ·cm. Methyl cellulose can control the viscosity of the ink. The mechanical properties of the pattern have been improved. The printing method of 3 D printing can significantly reduce the sintering time and temperature of the conductive ink. These findings may provide innovation for the flexible electronics industry and pave the way for alternatives to cost-effective solutions. Originality/value In this study, direct ink writing technology was used to print circuit patterns on paper substrates. This process is simple and convenient and can control the thickness of the ink layer. The ink material is nonpolluting to the environment. Nano-silver ink has suitable viscosity and pH value. It can meet the requirements of pneumatic 3 D printers. The method has the characteristics of simple process, fast forming, low cost and high environmental friendliness.

Zebrafish embryos exposed to deltamethrin exhibit abnormalities despite induced expression of related genes (you, you-too, momo and u-boot)

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Kuder Reshma Shabnam ◽  
Dharmapuri Gangappa ◽  
Gundala Harold Philip
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Persistence ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Eye Pigmentation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Evaluation of the toxic effects of a widely used synthetic pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), was carried out in this study. This pesticide is preferred for pest control because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. We investigated the expression pattern of four genes, namely, you ( you), yot ( you-too), momo ( mom) and ubo ( u-boot) during early development of zebrafish, that is, from 12 hpf to 48 hpf stages. These stages are selected as most of the important developmental aspects take place during this period. All four genes are known to play a vital role in development of notochord and somites. To understand the effect of DM on development, embryos of 4 hpf stage were exposed to two concentrations (100 and 200 µg/L) of DM, and observations were made at 12, 24 and 48 hpf stages. Our earlier studies have shown phenotypic abnormalities such as notochord bending, tail deformation, yolk sac and pericardial edema, lightening of body and eye pigmentation and interfered in somite patterning, during these stages of development. Understanding the relationship of phenotypic abnormalities with these four genes has been our primary objective. These four genes were analyzed by Reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction and intensity of the bands has shown induction in their expression after exposure to the toxicant. In spite of the expression of genes, it was noticed that DM caused abnormalities. It can be said from the results that translational pathway could have been affected.

scholarly journals Evaluating the influential factors for life preserver donning tests

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246705
Author(s):  
Ruiliang Yang ◽  
Zijiang Wu ◽  
Xiaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Instruction Condition ◽  
Passenger Safety ◽  
The Relationship

Life preservers often play a vital role in ensuring passenger safety in water-related accidents, while the difficulty of donning life preservers has been repeatedly proved even in a donning test. To evaluate the influencing factors for life preserver donning tests, 109 college students and 42 villagers were chosen as subjects. A total of fourteen variables with seven categorical variables and seven continuous variables were considered as potential influencing factors. T-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA, for three or more categories) were used to judge whether grouping in categorical variables had a significant effect on the donning performance. Then all variables were offered into the stepwise linear regression (SLR) to evaluate the influential factors for life preserver donning tests. Results showed that four of fourteen variables, including gender, instruction condition, age group, and tool test time (representing the subject’s flexibility), had a significant effect on the donning performance. To evaluate the relationship between the donning performance and influencing factors, models of the retrieving time, the opening time, and the donning time were built based on the SLR analysis. The paper also highlights recommendations for modification of the donning test procedure, which helps to improve the validation and reliability of life preserver donning tests.

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